Showing papers on "Economic Justice published in 2011"

Responsibility for Justice

Abstract: Foreword Martha C. Nussbaum 1. From Personal to Political Responsibility 2. Structure as the Subject of Justice 3. Guilt versus Responsibility: A Reading and Partial Critique of Hannah Arendt 4. A Social Connection Model 5. Responsibility Across Borders 6. Avoiding Responsibility 7. Responsibility and Historic Injustice Index

Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law

Abstract: Revised and Expanded Edition Wait—what's wrong with rights ? It is usually assumed that trans and gender nonconforming people should follow the civil rights and "equality" strategies of lesbian and gay rights organizations by agitating for legal reforms that would ostensibly guarantee nondiscrimination and equal protection under the law. This approach assumes that the best way to address the poverty and criminalization that plague trans populations is to gain legal recognition and inclusion in the state's institutions. But is this strategy effective? In Normal Life Dean Spade presents revelatory critiques of the legal equality framework for social change, and points to examples of transformative grassroots trans activism that is raising demands that go beyond traditional civil rights reforms. Spade explodes assumptions about what legal rights can do for marginalized populations, and describes transformative resistance processes and formations that address the root causes of harm and violence. In the new afterword to this revised and expanded edition, Spade notes the rapid mainstreaming of trans politics and finds that his predictions that gaining legal recognition will fail to benefit trans populations are coming to fruition. Spade examines recent efforts by the Obama administration and trans equality advocates to "pinkwash" state violence by articulating the US military and prison systems as sites for trans inclusion reforms. In the context of recent increased mainstream visibility of trans people and trans politics, Spade continues to advocate for the dismantling of systems of state violence that shorten the lives of trans people. Now more than ever, Normal Life is an urgent call for justice and trans liberation, and the radical transformations it will require.

Cultivating Food Justice: Race, Class, and Sustainability

Abstract: Popularized by such best-selling authors as Michael Pollan, Barbara Kingsolver, and Eric Schlosser, a growing food movement urges us to support sustainable agriculture by eating fresh food produced on local family farms. But many low-income neighborhoods and communities of color have been systematically deprived of access to healthy and sustainable food. These communities have been actively prevented from producing their own food and often live in "food deserts" where fast food is more common than fresh food. Cultivating Food Justice describes their efforts to envision and create environmentally sustainable and socially just alternatives to the food system. Bringing together insights from studies of environmental justice, sustainable agriculture, critical race theory, and food studies, Cultivating Food Justice highlights the ways race and class inequalities permeate the food system, from production to distribution to consumption. The studies offered in the book explore a range of important issues, including agricultural and land use policies that systematically disadvantage Native American, African American, Latino/a, and Asian American farmers and farmworkers; access problems in both urban and rural areas; efforts to create sustainable local food systems in low-income communities of color; and future directions for the food justice movement. These diverse accounts of the relationships among food, environmentalism, justice, race, and identity will help guide efforts to achieve a just and sustainable agriculture.

The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions Are Changing World Politics

Abstract: Grawemeyer Award winner Kathryn Sikkink offers a landmark argument for human rights prosecutions as a powerful political tool. She shows how, in just three decades, state leaders in Latin America, Europe, and Africa have lost their immunity from any accountability for their human rights violations, becoming the subjects of highly publicized trials resulting in severe consequences. This shift is affecting the behavior of political leaders worldwide and may change the face of global politics as we know it. Drawing on extensive research and illuminating personal experience, Sikkink reveals how the stunning emergence of human rights prosecutions has come about; what effect it has had on democracy, conflict, and repression; and what it means for leaders and citizens everywhere, from Uruguay to the United States. The Justice Cascade is a vital read for anyone interested in the future of world politics and human rights.

Oxford handbook of climate change and society

Abstract: PART I: INTRODUCTION PART II: THE CHALLENGE AND ITS HISTORY PART III: SCIENCE, SOCIETY, AND PUBLIC OPINION PART IV: SOCIAL IMPACTS PART V: SECURITY PART VI: JUSTICE PART VII: PUBLICS AND MOVEMENTS PART VIII: GOVERNMENT RESPONSES PART IX: POLICY INSTRUMENTS PART X: PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS PART XI: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PART XII: RECONSTRUCTION

Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World

Abstract: In Europe and throughout the world, competence in English is spreading at a speed never achieved by any language in human history. This apparently irresistible growing dominance of English is frequently perceived and sometimes indignantly denounced as being grossly unjust. Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World starts off arguing that the dissemination of competence in a common lingua franca is a process to be welcomed and accelerated, most fundamentally because it provides the struggle for greater justice in Europe and in the world with an essential weapon: a cheap medium of communication and of mobilization. However, the resulting linguistic situation can plausibly be regarded as unjust in three distinct senses. Firstly, the adoption of one natural language as the lingua franca implies that its native speakers are getting a free ride by benefiting costlessly from the learning effort of others. Secondly, they gain greater opportunities as a result of competence in their native language becoming a more valuable asset. And thirdly the privilege systematically given to one language fails to show equal respect for the various languages with which different portions of the population concerned identify. Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World spells out the corresponding interpretations of linguistic justice as cooperative justice, distributive justice and parity of esteem, respectively. And it discusses systematically a wide range of policies that might help achieve linguistic justice in these three senses, from a linguistic tax on Anglophone countries to the banning of dubbing or the linguistic territoriality principle. Against this background, the book argues that linguistic diversity is not valuable in itself but it will nonetheless need to be protected as a by-product of the pursuit of linguistic diversity as parity of esteem.

An employee-centered model of organizational justice and social responsibility:

Abstract: This paper reviews recent research within the area of organizational justice. It argues that a key element of the employee experience is the formation of perceptions about how both the self and others are treated by organizational stakeholders, as well as the level of dignity and respect bestowed by the organization to external groups. Employees, therefore, look in, around, and out, in order to comprehend their working experiences, and depend on these judgments to navigate the organizational milieu. A full understanding of justice phenomena requires consideration of individual differences; contextual influences; affective, cognitive, and social processes; as well as a person-centric orientation that allows for both time and memory to influence the social construction of worker phenomena.

Badlands of the Republic: Space, Politics and Urban Policy

Abstract: List of Figures and Tables. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms. Series Editors' Preface. Acknowledgements. Part I: Badlands:. 1. Introduction: The Fear of 'the Banlieue'. The Colour of Fear. Organization of the Book. 2. State's Statements: Urban Policy as Place-Making. Neoliberalism, Neoliberalization and the City. The Republican State and Its Contradictions. The Republican Penal State and Urban Policy. Part II: The Police:. 3. The Right to the City? Revolts and the Initiation of Urban Policy. The Hot Summer of 1981: How Novel is 'Violence'?. Brixton in France? The Haunting of the French Republic. The 'Founding Texts' of Urban Policy. The 'Anti-immigrant Vote'. Consolidation of Urban Policy. Conclusions: Consolidation of the Police. 4. Justice, Police, Statistics: Surveillance of Spaces of Intervention. When the Margin is at the Centre. The 'Return of the State'. 'I Like the State'. Justice, Police, Statistics. Conclusions: Looking for a 'Better' Police ... ... a 'Republican' One. 5. From 'Neighbourhoods in Danger' to 'Dangerous Neighbourhoods': The Repressive Turn in Urban Policy. Encore! The Ghost Haunting the French Republic. Pacte de Relance: Old Ghosts, New Spaces. 'They are Already Stigmatized': Affirmative Action a la francaise. Is 'Positive Discrimination' Negative?. Insecurity Wins the Left: The Villepinte Colloquium. Remaking Urban Policy in Republican Terms. Whither Urban Policy?. The Police Order and the Police State. Back to the Statist Geography. Conclusions: Repressive Police. Part III: Justice in Banlieues:. 6. A 'Thirst for Citizenship': Voices from a Banlieue. Vaulx-en-Velin between Official Processions and Police Forces. Vaulx-en-Velin after the trentes glorieuses. A 'Thirst for Citizenship'. A Toil of Two Cities (in One). Whose List is More 'Communitarian'?. Conclusions: Acting on the Spaces of the Police. 7. Voices into Noises: Revolts as Unarticulated Justice Movements. Revolting Geographies. Geographies of Repression: 'Police Everywhere, Justice Nowhere'. Policies of Urgency: '20 Years for Unemployment, 20 Years for Insecurity'. Conclusions: Form a 'Just Revolt of the Youth' to 'Urban Violence'. 8. Conclusion: Space, Politics and Urban Policy. Notes. References. Index

Uneven geographical development and socio-spatial justice and solidarity: European regions after the 2009 financial crisis

Abstract: The paper discusses certain issues of regional development theory in combination with long-forgotten conditions of uneven geographical development in the context of the current financial and debt crisis in the eurozone. The dominant explanations of the crisis are mainly macroeconomic and financial but this paper argues for its geographical components/foundations. After a short descriptive comment about the current debt crisis in the eurozone and particularly in Southern Europe as part of the wider global crisis of over-accumulation, an alternative interpretation is provided based on uneven geographical/regional development among Euro-regions, especially since the introduction of the euro. The paper also discusses the shift towards what we may call the neoliberal urban and regional development discourse, which is responsible for a de-politicized shift in regional theory and hence downplaying or simply overlooking questions of socio-spatial justice. The discussion about justice and solidarity goes beyond th...

Human Rights and the Global South: the case of disability

Abstract: This article seeks to examine the politics of human rights and disability in light of the recent United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (UNCRPD), which has been central to the struggle for recognition of disabled people. Northern discourses of disability rights have strongly influenced the UNCRPD. We argue that many of the everyday experiences of disabled people in the global South lie outside the reach of human rights instruments. So we ask what, if anything, can these instruments contribute to the struggle for disability justice in the South? While Northern discourses promote an examination of disabled bodies in social dynamics, we argue that the politics of impairment in the global South must understand social dynamics in bodies.

Nature's Queer Performativity

Abstract: In this article, Karen Barad entertains the possibility of the queerness of one of the most pervasive of all critters – atoms These “ultraqueer” critters with their quantum quotidian qualities queer queerness itself in their radically deconstructive ways of being Given that queer is a radical questioning of identity and binaries, including the nature/culture binary, this article aims to show that all sorts of seeming impossibilities are indeed possible, including the queerness of causality, matter, space, and time What if queerness were understood to reside not in the breech of nature/culture, per se, but in the very nature of spacetimemattering, Barad asks This article also considers questions of ethics and justice, and in particular, examines the ways in which moralism insists on having its way with the nature/culture divide Barad argues that moralism, feeds off of human exceptionalism, and, in particular, human superiority and causes injury to humans and nonhumans alike, is a genetic carrier of genocidal hatred, and undermines ecologies of diversity necessary for flourishing

Nonideal Theory: What It Is and What It Needs to Be*

Abstract: People sometimes say, “Ideally, this is what we would do...” Often, someone who says this is making a throwaway remark as a preliminary to getting down to serious problem-solving. Needless to say, none of us wants to wake up some day only to realize that we spent a career elaborating what amounts to a throwaway remark. What would theorizing have to be like in order to matter? Amartya Sen has an answer. Theorizing about justice would have to be about real problems here and now. It would have to be about real steps that real people can take here and now to make the world a better place. Sen built his reputation by writing elegantly concise essays that got right to the point, made the point, then stopped. By contrast The Idea of Justice is a vast book, sprawling across the major landmarks of a long career. 1 There comes a time for reflecting on where one has been and what one has accomplished. This is Sen’s time. It is also time, Sen believes, for our theorizing about justice to part ways with Rawlsian ideal theory (xi). Rawls assumes that various idealizing assumptions facilitate progress in theorizing about justice. Rawls also treats justice as concerned more with perfecting institutions than perfecting relationships. 2 In Sen’s parlance, Rawls is thus a transcendental institutionalist, as are most political theorists (6, 8, 67). Sen tries to distance himself from this. Although Sen does not radically depart from Rawls, he does provide a glimpse of what a radical departure would be like. The contrast between ideal and nonideal theory is elusive. It expresses a concern about the point of theorizing, but the concern is actually a constellation of concerns related by family resemblance rather than shared essence. We worry about supposing that every question has an answer, or that every question has the same answer, or that everyone must agree on what that answer is, on pain of being irrational or evil. We worry about trying to discern what to do by asking what would be reasonable under ideal conditions. Critics with one of these concerns tend to have the others, too, but they are distinct. 3

Understanding Education for Social Justice.

Abstract: What does it mean to foreground social justice in our thinking about education? It has become increasingly common for education scholars to claim a social justice orientation in their work (Adams, Bell, & Griffin, 1997; Ayers, Hunt, & Quinn, 1998; Darling-Hammond, French, & Garcia-Lopez, 2002; Marshall & Oliva, 2006; Michelli & Keiser, 2005). At the same time, education programs seem to be adding statements about the importance of social justice to their mission, and a growing number of teacher education programs are fundamentally oriented around a vision of social justice (see, for example, Darling-Hammond, French, & Garcia-Lopez, 2002; McDonald, 2005; Zollers, Albert, & Cochran-Smith, 2000). Murphy (1999) names social justice as one of "three powerful synthesizing paradigms" (p. 54) in educational leadership while Zeichner (2003) offers it as one of three major approaches to teacher education reform. The phrase social justice is used in school mission statements, job announcements, and educational reform proposals, though sometimes widely disparate ones, from creating a vision of culturally responsive schools to leaving no child behind. Despite all the talk about social justice of late, it is often unclear in any practical terms what we mean when we invoke a vision of social justice or how this influences such issues as program development, curricula, practicum opportunities, educational philosophy, social vision, and activist work. In the abstract, it is an idea that it hard to be against. After all, we learn to pledge allegiance to a country that supposedly stands for "liberty and justice for all." Yet the more we see people invoking the idea of social justice, the less clear it becomes what people mean, and if it is meaningful at all. When an idea can refer to almost anything, it loses its critical purchase, especially an idea that clearly has such significant political dimensions. In fact, at the same time that we are seeing this term in so many places, we are also seeing a backlash against it; for example, just recently the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education removed social justice language from its accrediting standards because of its controversial, ambiguous, and ideologically weighted nature (Wasley, 2006). Among the critiques, education that is grounded on a commitment to justice and the cultivation of democratic citizenship "is increasingly seen as superfluous, complicating, and even threatening by some policy makers and pressure groups who increasingly see any curriculum not tied to basic literacy or numeracy as disposable and inappropriate" (Michelli & Keiser, 2005, p. xix). Despite some of the current confusion and tensions, there is a long history in the United States of educators who foreground social justice issues in their work and who argue passionately for their centrality to schooling in a democratic society. We see this in a variety of places, for example in Counts' (1932) call for teachers to build a new social order, in Dewey's work on grounding education in a rich and participatory vision of democracy, and in the work of critical pedagogues and multicultural scholars to create educational environments that empower historically marginalized people, that challenge inequitable social arrangements and institutions, and that offer strategies and visions for creating a more just world. Describing education for social justice, Bell (1997) characterizes it as "both a process and a goal" with the ultimate aim being "full and equal participation of all groups in a society that is mutually shaped to meet their needs" (p. 3). Hackman (2005) writes that "social justice education encourages students to take an active role in their own education and supports teachers in creating empowering, democratic, and critical educational environments" (p. 103). Murrell (2006) argues that social justice involves "a disposition toward recognizing and eradicating all forms of oppression and differential treatment extant in the practices and policies of institutions, as well as a fealty to participatory democracy as the means of this action" (p. …

Pesticide Drift and the Pursuit of Environmental Justice

Abstract: The widespread but virtually invisible problem of pesticide drift -- the airborne movement of agricultural pesticides into residential areas -- has fueled grassroots activism from Maine to Hawaii. Pesticide drift accidents have terrified and sickened many living in the country's most marginalized and vulnerable communities. In this book, Jill Lindsey Harrison considers political conflicts over pesticide drift in California, using them to illuminate the broader problem and its potential solutions. The fact that pesticide pollution and illnesses associated with it disproportionately affect the poor and the powerless raises questions of environmental justice (and political injustice). Despite California's impressive record of environmental protection, massive pesticide regulatory apparatus, and booming organic farming industry, pesticide-related accidents and illnesses continue unabated. To unpack this conundrum, Harrison examines the conceptions of justice that increasingly shape environmental politics and finds that California's agricultural industry, regulators, and pesticide drift activists hold different, and conflicting, notions of what justice looks like. Drawing on her own extensive ethnographic research as well as in-depth interviews with regulators, activists, scientists, and public health practitioners, Harrison examines the ways industry, regulatory agencies, and different kinds of activists address pesticide drift, connecting their efforts to communitarian and libertarian conceptions of justice. The approach taken by pesticide drift activists, she finds, not only critiques theories of justice undergirding mainstream sustainable-agriculture activism, but also offers an entirely new notion of what justice means. To solve seemingly intractable environmental problems such as pesticide drift, Harrison argues, we need a different kind of environmental justice. She proposes the precautionary principle as a framework for effectively and justly addressing environmental inequities in the everyday work of environmental regulatory institutions.

Empirical Social Choice

Abstract: Since Aristotle, many different theories of distributive justice have been proposed, by philosophers as well as social scientists. The typical approach within social choice theory is to assess these theories in an axiomatic way – most of the time the reader is confronted with abstract reasoning and logical deductions. This book shows that empirical insights are necessary if one wants to apply any theory of justice in the real world. It does so by confronting the main theories of distributive justice with data from (mostly) questionnaire experiments. The book starts with an extensive discussion on why empirical social choice makes sense and how it should be done. It then presents various experimental results relating to theories of distributive justice, including the Rawlsian equity axiom, Harsanyi's version of utilitarianism, utilitarianism with a floor, responsibility-sensitive egalitarianism, the claims problem and fairness in health.

The Lisbon Treaty: Law, Politics, and Treaty Reform

Abstract: 1. Reform, Process, and Architecture 2. Legislation, Regulation, and Participation 3. Executive Power, Contestation, and Resolution 4. The Courts, Continuity, and Change 5. Competence, Categories, and Control 6. Rights, Legality, and Legitimacy 7. Legal Acts, Hierarchy, and Simplification 8. The Treaty, the Economic, and the Social 9. Freedom, Security, and Justice 10. Foreign Policy, Security, and Defence 11. Conclusion Epilogue: Economic Crisis, the Euro, and the Future

The Right and the Good

Abstract: This is a chapter for a political philosophy handbook being edited by Antonella Besussi for Ashgate Publishing. The chapter aims to set out the conceptual and theoretical landscape regarding the right and the good in a manner useful to political philosophers unfamiliar with it.

Hybrid Forms of Peace: From Everyday Agency to Post-Liberalism

Abstract: Towards a Post-Liberal Peace: Exploring Hybridity: Via Everyday Forms of Resistance, Agency, and Autonomy O.P.Richmond & A.Mitchell Agency and the Everyday Activist A.M.S.Watson Post-Conflict Justice and Hybridity in Peacebuilding: Resistance or Cooptation? C.L.Sriram Hybrid Tribunals: Interaction and Resistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Cambodia O.Martin-Ortega & J.Herman Hybrid Forms of Peace and Order on a South Sea Island: Experiences from Bougainville (Papua New Guinea) V.Boege Looking for the Owner of the House - Who is Making Peace in Rural East Timor? M.A.Brown & A.Gusmao Co-optation, Acceptance and Resistance in the Somali 'Everyday' K.Sandstrom From the Air-Conditioned Offices to the Everyday: the Kinshasa Street Parliamentarians and the Popular Reclaiming of Democracy M.De Goede The Practical Representation of Peacebuilding: An (Auto)ethnography of Programme Evaluation in Tajikistan J.Heathershaw Security, Cooptation and Resistance: Peacebuilding-as-fragmentation in Palestine M.Turner Hybrid Reconstruction: The Case of Waad in Lebanon R.MacGinty What Turks and Kurds 'Make of' Europe: Subversion, Negotiation and Appropriation in the European Periphery B.Rumelili Comfortable Conflict and (Il)liberal Peace in Cyprus C.Adamides & C.Constantinou Liberal Peacebuilding's Representation of 'the Local': The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina S.Kappler 'Walking' in North Belfast with Michel De Certeau: Strategies of Peace-building, Everyday Tactics and Hybridization L.Kelly & A.Mitchell Conclusion: Everyday Struggles for a Hybrid Peace R.Bleiker

The developmental roots of social responsibility in childhood and adolescence

Abstract: Social responsibility is a value orientation, rooted in democratic relationships with others and moral principles of care and justice, that motivates certain civic actions. Given its relevance for building stronger relationships and communities, the development of social responsibility within individuals should be a more concerted focus for developmental scholars and youth practitioners. During childhood and adolescence, the developmental roots of individuals' social responsibility lie in the growth of executive function, empathy and emotion regulation, and identity. Efforts to cultivate children and adolescents' social responsibility in the proximal settings of their everyday lives should emphasize modeling prosocial behaviors, communicating concerns for others, and creating opportunities to practice civic skills.

The Right to Justification: Elements of a Constructivist Theory of Justice

Abstract: PrefaceTranslator's NoteIntroduction: The Foundation of JusticePart 1: Foundations: Practical Reason, Morality, and Justice1. Practical Reason and Justifying Reasons: On the Foundation of Morality2. Moral Autonomy and the Autonomy of Morality: Toward a Theory of Normativity After Kant3. Ethics and Morality4. The Justification of Justice: Rawls's Political Liberalism and Habermas's Discourse Theory in DialoguePart 2: Political and Social Justice5. Political Liberty: Integrating Five Conceptions of Autonomy6. A Critical Theory of Multicultural Toleration7. The Rule of Reasons: Three Models of Deliberative Democracy8. Social Justice, Justification, and PowerPart 3: Human Rights and Transnational Justice9. The Basic Right to Justification: Toward a Constructivist Conception of Human Rights10. Constructions of Transnational Justice: Comparing John Rawls's The Law of Peoples and Otfried H ffe's Democracy in an Age of Globalisation11. Justice, Morality, and Power in the Global Context12. Toward a Critical Theory of Transnational JusticeNotesBibliography

Remaking Rwanda: State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence

Abstract: In the mid-1990s, civil war and genocide ravaged Rwanda. Since then, the country s new leadership has undertaken a highly ambitious effort to refashion Rwanda s politics, economy, and society, and the country s accomplishments have garnered widespread praise. "Remaking Rwanda" is the first book to examine Rwanda s remarkable post-genocide recovery in a comprehensive and critical fashion. By paying close attention to memory politics, human rights, justice, foreign relations, land use, education, and other key social institutions and practices, this volume raises serious concerns about the depth and durability of the country s reconstruction. Edited by Scott Straus and Lars Waldorf, "Remaking Rwanda" brings together experienced scholars and human rights professionals to offer a nuanced, historically informed picture of post-genocide Rwanda one that reveals powerful continuities with the nation s past and raises profound questions about its future.Best Special Interest Books, selected by the American Association of School LibrariansBest Special Interest Books, selected by the Public Library Reviewers"

Public Sector Efficiency and Political Culture

Abstract: The capability of a country's public sector to provide high-quality goods and services in a cost-effective way is crucial to fostering long-term growth. In this paper we study the determinants of public service efficiency (PSE) and in particular the role of citizens' political values. Indeed, we argue that citizens' willingness to invest time and effort monitoring public affairs is necessary if policy-makers are to be held accountable for what they do and deterred from wasting public resources. Contrary to other papers, our empirical analysis exploits within-country variation, therefore reducing the risk of omitted variable bias and implicitly controlling for differences in formal institutions. First, we compute PSE measures for several public services (namely education, civil justice, healthcare, childcare and waste disposal) for the 103 Italian provinces; then we show that a higher degree of political engagement increases PSE. This remains true even after controlling for the possible endogeneity of political culture. In our analysis, values specifically related to the political sphere are kept distinct from generically pro-social values. Our results suggest that the latter have no independent impact on PSE.

On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice, and Other Essays in Political Philosophy

Abstract: Editor's Preface vii Acknowledgments xiii Part One: Luck Egalitarianism Chapter One: On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice 3 Chapter Two: Equality of What? On Welfare, Goods, and Capabilities 44 Afterword to Chapters One and Two 61 Chapter Three: Sen on Capability, Freedom, and Control 73 Chapter Four: Expensive Taste Rides Again 81 Chapter Five: Luck and Equality 116 Chapter Six: Fairness and Legitimacy in Justice, And: Does Option Luck Ever Preserve Justice? 124 Part Two: Freedom and Property Chapter Seven: Capitalism, Freedom, and the Proletariat 147 Chapter Eight: Freedom and Money 166 Two Addenda to "Freedom and Money" 193 Part Three: Ideal Theory and Political Practice Chapter Nine: Mind the Gap 203 Chapter Ten: Back to Socialist Basics 211 Chapter Eleven: How to Do Political Philosophy 225 Chapter Twelve: Rescuing Justice from Constructivism and Equality from the Basic Structure Restriction 236 Works Cited 255 Index 263

Towards Victim-Centred Transitional Justice: Understanding the Needs of Families of the Disappeared in Postconflict Nepal

Abstract: 1 Despite many transitional justice processes claiming to be ‘victim-centred,’ in practice they are rarely driven by the needs of those most affected by conflict. Indeed, in many contexts the views of victims are not sought by those driving the transition. In this article, the needs of a representative sample of 160 families of people disappeared during Nepal’s decade-long Maoist insurgency are studied in an effort to understand what such families seek from the transitional justice process. The study shows that victims emphasize the need for the truth about the disappeared and for economic support to help meet basic needs. Whilst families of the disappeared would welcome justice, this is not their priority. Nepal’s transitional justice process remains still-born and discussions are polarized between a human rights community that prioritizes prosecutions and a political class that seeks to avoid them. An understanding of victims’ expectations of the process can potentially break this deadlock and allow policies to be driven by the needs of those most affected.

Local Evaluations of Justice through Truth Telling in Sierra Leone: Postwar Needs and Transitional Justice

Abstract: This article presents findings from a qualitative case study of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in rural Sierra Leone. It adds to the sparse literature directly evaluating local experiences of transitional justice mechanisms. It investigates the conceptual foundations of retributive and restorative approaches to postwar justice, and describes the emerging alternative argument demanding attention be paid to economic, cultural, and social rights in such transitional situations. The article describes how justice is defined in Makeni, a town in Northern Sierra Leone, and shows that the TRC’s restorative approach was unable to generate a sense of postwar justice, and was, to many, experienced as a provocation. The conclusions support an alternative distributive conception of justice and show that local conception of rights, experiences of infringement and needs for redress, demand social, cultural, and economic considerations be taken seriously in transitional justice cases.

Cultivating Global Citizens: Planting New Seeds or Pruning the Perennials? Looking for the Citizen-Subject in Global Citizenship Education Theory.

Abstract: This paper engages with a selection of scholarly writing in English that was published in the last decade and written from particular liberal democratic contexts (predominantly the UK, the USA, and Canada). The literature diagnoses the need for a more complex theory of citizenship education and theorises schooling for citizenship in a global orientation. The analysis calls for more explicit attention to the assumptions about the citizen subject student, the ‘who’ of global citizenship education (GCE). Overall, the findings suggest the assumed subject of GCE pedagogy is the autonomous and European citizen of the liberal nation-state who is seen as normative in a mainstream identification as citizen and who must work to encourage a liberal democratic notion of justice on a global scale by ‘expanding’ or ‘extending’ or ‘adding’ their sense of responsibility and obligation to others linearly through the local to national to global community. Thus, this theoretical work contributes a more complex notion of the...