scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Economic Justice

About: Economic Justice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 41600 publications have been published within this topic receiving 661535 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found that perceptions of overall fairness are influenced by different types of justice, are more proximal predictors of responses than specific justice types, and are used to infer trust when trust certainty is low.
Abstract: Theory suggests that perceptions of overall fairness play an important role in the justice judgment process, yet overall fairness is insufficiently studied. We derived hypotheses from fairness heuristic theory, which proposes that perceptions of overall fairness are influenced by different types of justice, are more proximal predictors of responses than specific justice types, and are used to infer trust when trust certainty is low. Results from Study 1 (N = 1340) showed that employees' perceptions of overall fairness in relation to a senior management team mediated the relationships between specific types of justice and employee outcomes (e.g., affective commitment). In Study 2 (N = 881), these mediated effects were replicated and trust certainty moderated the effect of overall fairness on trust as hypothesized. Study 2 also showed that, relative to procedural and informational justice, distributive and interpersonal justice had stronger effects on overall fairness. To explore how the organizational context may have influenced these findings, we performed qualitative analyses in Study 3 (N = 268). Results suggested that, consistent with the quantitative findings from Study 2, some types of justice were more salient than others. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory, research, and practice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

138 citations

Book
07 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the notion of well-being as the Satisfaction of Desire, and argue that it is the satisfaction of desire rather than happiness that is the goal of human beings.
Abstract: Preface and Acknowledgments. 1. Introducing Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, Law and Society. Understanding Utilitarianism. Two Rival Nonconsequentialist Theories. The Deathbed Promise. Consequences, Actual and Probable. Average versus Total Happiness. 2. Welfare, Happiness, and the Good. Bentham's Hedonism. Mill's View of Pleasure and Happiness. A Problem for Mental-State Accounts of Well-Being. Well-Being as the Satisfaction of Desire. Objective Theories of WellBeing. Where This Lack of Consensus Leaves Utilitarianism. 3. Arguing for Utilitarianism. Bentham and the Principle of Utility. Mill: Proof and Sentiment. Self-Evidence and the Language of Morality. Utilitarianism and Commonsense Morality. The Case against Deontology. The Appeal of Utilitarianism. 4. Objections to Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism Condones Immoral Conduct. Promises and Particularity of Obligation. The Distribution of Welfare. Is Utilitarianism Too Demanding? 5. Refining Utilitarianism. Second-Order Moral Judgements. Moives, Dispositions, and Traits of Character. The Importance of Secondary Rule. The Rules of the Ordinary Morality. Two Levels of Moral Thinking. Rule Utilitarianism. 6. Rights, Liberty, and Punishment. The Criminal Justice System. The Nature and Function of Rights. The Nature and Function of Rights. Personal Liberty. 7. Justice, Welfare, and Economic Distribution. Some facts about Poverty and Inequality. Thinking about Justice. Nozick's Libertarianism. Rawl's Theory of Justice. Utilitarianism and Distributive Equality. 8. Virtue, Personal Life, and the Demands of Morality. Good-Bye to Normative Theory? Utilitarianism and the Virtues. Moral Fanacticism and the things we value. Those Who Are Near and Dear. The Personal Point of View. The Needs of Strangers. Bibliography. Index.

138 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this book, the author explores the importance, risks, and benefits of reporting and disclosing human errors and challenges the reader with intriguing and interesting questions.
Abstract: JUST CULTURE: BALANCING SAFETY AND ACCOUNTABILITY Sidney Dekker, PhD Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007, 153 pp., $29.95 Dr. Sidney Dekker's book, Just Culture, is a thought-provoking account of the dilemma our society faces when we attempt to balance human safety with human error. Practitioners such as physicians, nurses, air traffic controllers, and aircraft pilots, who are skilled in making life-and-death decisions, are the focus of this book. Using real-life stories the author depicts eloquently for the reader the facts and consequences of criminalization of accidents, mistakes, and errors. Dr. Dekker starts by examining society's reasons for wanting a "just culture." What makes us believe that some occurrences are acts of God as opposed to human management of risk? A just culture is very difficult to define, as justice is one of those essentially contested categories. We will never agree with each other about what justice means, or what is just versus what is unjust. Essentially contested means that the very essence, the very nature of the concept is infinitely negotiable. But that does not mean that we cannot agree, or make some progress on, some very practical problems related to defining what we could call a "just culture" (p. x). In this book, the author explores the importance, risks, and benefits of reporting and disclosing human errors. "In 2006, Julie, a nurse from Wisconsin, was charged with 'criminal neglect of a patient causing bodily harm' in the medication death of a 16-year old girl during labor. Instead of giving the intended penicillin intravenously, Julie accidentally administered a bag of epidural analgesia. Julie lost her job, faced action on her nursing license and the threat of six years in jail as well as a $25,000 fine" (p. 21). The author challenges the reader with intriguing and interesting questions: "Are all mistakes equal?" "Who is responsible to decide when an accident becomes a crime?" "Who in society gets to draw the line between acceptable and unacceptable behavior?" "Who decides what constitutes the truth?" Dr. Dekker points out that, following publicity about cases like Julie's and other professionals who stood trial on criminal charges, the number of reported serious errors dropped. The author continues: "Unfortunately, when the legal system gets involved, things seem to get neither more just, nor safer" (p. 91). Furthermore, he states: "The idea that a charged or convicted practitioner will serve as an example to scare others into behaving more prudently is probably misguided; instead, practitioners will become more careful only in not disclosing what they have done" (p. 96). The author's recounting of his experiences with practitioners who were what might be termed culpable gives another dimension to his book. Other examples are the story of Mara, a nurse who administered a baby 10 times the amount of medication the baby needed, and the pilot who in one of his flights was low on fuel and was forced to make an unauthorized landing, thereby risking the lives of the crew members and the passengers. …

137 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Politics
263.7K papers, 5.3M citations
78% related
Democracy
108.6K papers, 2.3M citations
76% related
Globalization
81.8K papers, 1.7M citations
76% related
Wage
47.9K papers, 1.2M citations
75% related
Social change
61.1K papers, 1.7M citations
75% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202414
20233,633
20227,866
20211,595
20201,689
20191,729