Economic Justice

About: Economic Justice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 41600 publications have been published within this topic receiving 661535 citations.

The Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls

Abstract: Preface 1.The social contract and its critics: an overview, David Boucher and Paul Kelly 2.Hobbes' contractarianism: A comparative analysis, Murray Forsyth 3.John Locke: Social contract versus political anthropology, Jeremy Waldron 4.Locke's contract in perspective, Martyn P.Thompson 5.History, reason and experience: Hume's arguments against contract theories, Dario Castiglione 6.Rousseau, social contract and the modern Leviathan, Jeremy Jennings 7.Kant's social contract theory, Howard Williams 8.Hegel's critique of the theory of the social contract, Bruce Haddock 9.Marx and the social contract, Lawrence Wilde 10.Contractarianism in international political theory, John Charvet 11.Women, gender and contract:Feminist interpretations, Diane Coole 12.Gauthier and the contractual basis of morality, Margaret Moore 13.Justifying Justice: Contractarianism, communitarianism and the foundations of contemporary liberalism, Paul Kelly 14.'Economic justice': Contractarianism and Rawls' difference principle, Rex Martin

Cultivating an Image of Justice: Looking Fair on the Job

Abstract: C ertainly, it would appear that being fair is a central interest among today's managers, concerned as they must be about providing "equal employment opportunities," adhering to "fair labor practices," and offering "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work." Just as judges promote fairness in the legal system, and referees and umpires ensure that sporting events are played fairly, managers are responsible for upholding both their company's and society's views of fairness by guaranteeing the fair treatment of employees.1 Despite this, however, it remains unclear what those responsible for the day-to-day management of organizations think constitutes fair behavior. Not surprisingly, just as legal scholars and philosophers cannot agree on what fairness really is in any absolute sense, social scientists have relied on studying justice as it is perceived to be that is, what is fair is in the eye of the beholder.2 In organizations, where the differing perspectives, interests, and goals of supervisors and subordinates might offer each access to different sources of information (as well as different biases on the same information), uncertainties about what is perceived to be fair are likely to arise.3 As a result, we may expect that seasoned managers trying to be fair may learn to focus on what others believe to be fair, thereby cultivating an impression of fairness rather than striving toward any abstract sense of morality. Indeed, when interviewing executives on the topic of organizational justice, I learned that in business organizations fairness was often a matter of impression-management. As one senior vice-president of a Fortune 500 firm confided in me, "What's fair is whatever the workers think is fair. My job is to convince them that what's good for the company is fair for them as individuals." Hearing this sentiment echoed by others, I began to suspect that fairness as viewed by corporate management was perhaps as much a matter of image as it was a matter of morality; that is, "looking fair" may be at least as important as actually "being fair." After all, even the best-intentioned, most "fair-minded" manager may fail to win the approval of subordinates who are not convinced of his or her fairness. Given this, we may ask the following two questions: (1) Are managers more concerned about looking fair or actually being fair? and (2) What do managers do to cultivate impressions of fairness? The Importance of Looking Fair: Survey Evidence

A Liberal Theory of International Justice

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Democracy and Self-Determination 3. Secession 4. International Criminal Law 5. Armed Intervention and Political Assassination 6. International Distributive Justice 7. Immigration 8. Conclusion References

Selective Patronage and Social Justice: Local Food Consumer Campaigns in Historical Context

Abstract: In the early 2000s, the development of local food systems in advanced industrial countries has expanded beyond creation and support of farmers' markets and community supported agriculture farms and projects to include targeted Buy Local Food campaigns. Non-governmental groups in many U.S. places and regions have launched such campaigns with the intent of motivating and directing consumers toward more local food purchasing in general. This article examines the current manifestations and possibilities for social justice concerns in Buy Local Food campaigns, by considering them within the more general category of "selective patronage" campaigns. Historical campaign examples, such as Buy Union, Buy American, and Buy Black campaigns, offer instructive comparisons to contemporary consumer campaigns promoting local food. Through examining the construction of threats, intended beneficiaries, products to be avoided, and those to be preferentially selected, the paper demonstrates how selective patronage campaigns have emphasized social justice needs and concerns for designated groups in ways that have been potentially exclusionary of other disadvantaged groups and thus undermining of social justice more broadly. As a contemporary instance of "selective patronage," Buy Local Food campaigns exhibit similar contradictory impulses, which are intensified by the conceptual and practical pitfalls in designating "local." The article concludes by considering how the challenges and prospects for commitments to social justice in local food consumer campaigns reinforce the importance of emerging initiatives centered on domestic fair trade.