Economic Justice

About: Economic Justice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 41600 publications have been published within this topic receiving 661535 citations.

Empire of law and Indian justice in colonial Mexico

Abstract: Contents Acknowledgments 000 Chapter 1 Opening 000 Chapter 2 Ordering the Circumstances of Encounter 000 Chapter 3 Help Us and Protect Us 000 Chapter 4 Precarious Possessions 000 Chapter 5 Liberty, Not Servitude 000 Chapter 6 Of Guilt and Punishment 000 Chapter 7 Voices in the Republic 000 Chapter 8 Rebellious Subjects 000 Chapter 9 Summation and Beyond 000 Notes 000 Sources Cited 000 Index 000

Fairness and Accountability Design Needs for Algorithmic Support in High-Stakes Public Sector Decision-Making

Abstract: Calls for heightened consideration of fairness and accountability in algorithmically-informed public decisions---like taxation, justice, and child protection---are now commonplace How might designers support such human values? We interviewed 27 public sector machine learning practitioners across 5 OECD countries regarding challenges understanding and imbuing public values into their work The results suggest a disconnect between organisational and institutional realities, constraints and needs, and those addressed by current research into usable, transparent and 'discrimination-aware' machine learning---absences likely to undermine practical initiatives unless addressed We see design opportunities in this disconnect, such as in supporting the tracking of concept drift in secondary data sources, and in building usable transparency tools to identify risks and incorporate domain knowledge, aimed both at managers and at the 'street-level bureaucrats' on the frontlines of public service We conclude by outlining ethical challenges and future directions for collaboration in these high-stakes applications

Dilemmas of Expanding Transitional Justice, or Forging the Nexus between Transitional Justice and Development

Abstract: ∗It is timely that in just its second year of publication, the International Journal of Transitional Justice (IJTJ) has chosen to focus this special issue on the nexus between transitional justice and development. This is an indication of the salience of the issues of development generally and social justice specifically to the process of seeking transitional justice in societies moving out of conflict or other forms of crisis and repression. The number of articles received for consideration in this special issue and the range of seminal topics they raise serve to underline the pressing need to consider concerns of development and social justice as experienced and expressed by both scholars and practitioners. In introducing this special issue, I want to highlight four areas of inquiry that scholars, advocates and practitioners of both transitional justice and development must consider if either field is to achieve its intended goals. The articles in this issue explore many of these four areas in greater depth, with potent illustrative examples that draw on a range of cases, as outlined below. Thefirstthornyquestionis:Cantransitionaljustice(TJ)todayaffordnottoconcern itself directly with social injustice and patterns of inequality, discrimination and marginalization that were underlying causes of a conflict and that inflicted major suffering and victimization on vast swathes of a population? How can (or should) TJ have a more direct impact on reducing social and economic inequality? Second, should TJ measures cost less and deliver more? For impoverished countries, TJ often represents a costly luxury in a highly resource-constrained environment where all aspects of social, economic and political life need to be rebuilt and development is a priority. In this context, TJ often comes to represent a trade-off of sorts between justice or development, rather than promoting development with justice. Third, should TJ concern itself directly with war economies and corruption, particularly the exploitation of natural and mineral resources, as these are often perpetrated by the same war criminals ‐ and with the same abusive, violent and exploitative means and devastating effect on victims ‐ as the war crimes that historically fall within the purview of TJ?

The Unfulfillable Promise of Meritocracy: Three Lessons and Their Implications for Justice in Education

Abstract: This paper draws on a literature in sociology, psychology and economics that has extensively documented the unfulfilled promise of meritocracy in education. I argue that the lesson learned from this literature is threefold: 1) educational institutions in practice significantly distort the ideal meritocratic process; 2) opportunities for merit are themselves determined by non-meritocratic factors; 3) any definition of merit must favor some groups in society while putting others at a disadvantage. Taken together these conclusions give reason to understand meritocracy not just as an unfulfilled promise, but as an unfulfillable promise. Having problematized meritocracy as an ideal worth striving for, I argue that the pervasiveness of meritocratic policies in education threatens to crowd out need and equality as principles of justice. As such it may pose a barrier rather than a route to equality of opportunity. Furthermore, meritocratic discourse legitimates societal inequalities as justly deserved such as when misfortune is understood as personal failure. The paper concludes by setting a research agenda that asks how citizens come to hold meritocratic beliefs; addresses the persistence of (unintended) meritocratic imperfections in schools; analyzes the construction of a legitimizing discourse in educational policy; and investigates how education selects and labels winners and losers.