Topic
Economic sector
About: Economic sector is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14917 publications have been published within this topic receiving 250274 citations. The topic is also known as: sector.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impact of climate change on rich and poor countries across the world and found that poor countries will suffer the bulk of the damages from climate change and argued that the primary reason why poor countries are so vulnerable is their location.
Abstract: This paper examines the impact of climate change on rich and poor countries across the world. We measure two indices of the relative impact of climate across countries, impact per capita, and impact per GDP. These measures sum market impacts across the climate-sensitive economic sectors of each country. Both indices reveal that climate change will have serious distributional impact across countries, grouped by income per capita. We predict that poor countries will suffer the bulk of the damages from climate change. Although adaptation, wealth, and technology may influence distributional consequences across countries, we argue that the primary reason that poor countries are so vulnerable is their location. Countries in the low latitudes start with very high temperatures. Further warming pushes these countries ever further away from optimal temperatures for climate- sensitive economic sectors.
607 citations
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TL;DR: The authors empirically examined the impact of foreign aid on the recipient's public expenditures, using cross-country samples of annual observations for 1971-90, and found that aid is not fungible at the aggregate level and there is no associated tax relief.
Abstract: The donor community has been increasingly concerned that development assistance intended for crucial social and economic sectors might be used directly or indirectly to fund unproductive military and other expenditures. The link between foreign aid and public spending is not straightforward because some aid may be fungible. This article empirically examines the impact of foreign aid on the recipient's public expenditures, using cross-country samples of annual observations for 1971-90. For the base sample of 14 developing countries, it finds that aid is not fungible at the aggregate level and there is no associated tax relief. Increasing the number of countries, however, makes aid fungible. Moreover, results based on the main sample indicate that aid is fungible in three out of five sectors examined. Developing country governments receiving earmarked concessionary loans for agriculture, education, and energy reduce their own resources going to these sectors and use them elsewhere; only loans to the transport and communication sector are fully spent on the purposes intended by donors. Because most aid appears to be fungible, the rate of return on a specific donor-funded project tells little about the impact of that assistance; a better approach may be to tie foreign aid to an overall public expenditure program that provides adequate resources to crucial sectors.
591 citations
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The Entrepreneurial State as mentioned in this paper argues that successful economies result from government doing more than just creating the right conditions for growth, instead, government has a key role to play in developing new technologies whose potential is not yet understood by the business community.
Abstract: The prevailing opinion on public spending is that the state must be cut back to make room for entrepreneurship and innovation, to prevent the public sector ‘crowding out’ the private sector. This draws on the belief that the private sector is dynamic, innovative and competitive, in contrast to the sluggish and bureaucratic public sector.
The Entrepreneurial State challenges this minimalist view of economic policy. It finds that successful economies result from government doing more than just creating the right conditions for growth. Instead, government has a key role to play in developing new technologies whose potential is not yet understood by the business community. State-funded organisations can be nimble and innovative, transforming economies forever — the algorithm behind Google was funded by a public sector National Science Foundation grant.
This pamphlet forces the debate to go beyond the role of the state in stimulating demand, or crudely ‘picking winners’ in industrial policy. Instead, it argues for a proactive, entrepreneurial state: a state that is able to take risks and harness the best of the private sector. It imagines the state as a catalyst, sparking the initial reaction that will cause innovation to spread.
588 citations
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01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define the household sector as women's wages - unpaid household work and the national income accounts subsistence economics - the household in developing countries, and the criminal sector: organized crime in developed countries crime in the developing countries.
Abstract: Introduction: What is informal activity? Part 1 The household sector: women's wages - unpaid household work and the national income accounts subsistence economics - the household in developing countries. Part 2 The informal sector: the informal sector - aid to development or barrier to modernization?, a safety valve for urban growth? Part 3 The irregular sector: the irregular sector - what is it and why does it matter? macroeconomic analysis of the irregular sector - how big is it, who is involved, how and where? perks, fiddles, fraud and the irregular sector the irregular sector in developing countries. Part 4 The criminal sector: organized crime in the developed countries crime in the developing countries.
576 citations