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Effective mass (solid-state physics)
About: Effective mass (solid-state physics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12539 publications have been published within this topic receiving 295485 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of doubly clamped beam resonators that contain filled nanofluidic channels and have masses of less than 100 pg was evaluated and shown to have quality factors as high as 800, 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of resonators of comparable size and frequency operating in fluid.
Abstract: Nanomechanical resonators operating in vacuum are capable of detecting and weighing single biomolecules, but their application to the life sciences has been limited by viscous forces that impede their motion in liquid environments. A promising approach to avoid this problem, encapsulating the fluid within a mechanical resonator surrounded by vacuum, has not yet been tried with resonant sensors of mass less than ∼100 ng, despite predictions that devices with smaller effective mass will have proportionally finer mass resolution. Here, we fabricate and evaluate the performance of doubly clamped beam resonators that contain filled nanofluidic channels and have masses of less than 100 pg. These nanochannel resonators operate at frequencies on the order of 25 MHz and when filled with fluid have quality factors as high as 800, 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of resonators of comparable size and frequency operating in fluid. Fluid density measurements reveal a mass responsivity of 100 Hz/fg and a noise equ...
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived an analytical model to describe conduction-band states of GaNAs-based quantum well structures, including the band anticrossing effect between N resonant states and the conduction band edge, and compared their model with those obtained using a full ten-band k·p model based on the same set of parameters.
Abstract: We derive an analytical model to describe the conduction-band states of GaNAs-based quantum well structures, including the band anticrossing effect between N resonant states and the conduction-band edge. The predictions of the model are compared to those obtained using a full ten-band k·p model based on the same set of parameters. Both methods are then tested by comparison with the experimentally determined ground- and excited-state interband transition energies of GaNxAs1−x quantum wells of different well widths and N composition x obtained at 300 K and under hydrostatic pressures up to 2.0 GPa . We show that the transition energies can be described by a consistent set of material parameters in all the samples studied, and present how the conduction to valence-band offset ratio varies strongly with x in GaNxAs1−x∕GaAs quantum well structures. We conclude that the model presented can be used to predict the transition energies and electron subband structure of any GaNxAs1−x∕GaAs quantum well with well width between 2 and 25 nm , and N composition x between 1 and 4% , although further work is still required to confirm the optimum choice for the variation of band offset ratio with composition.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the doping concentration dependence of the thermoelectric properties for the n-and p-doped CaIn2P2 layered Zintl phase at two fixed temperatures was studied.
Abstract: We have studied the doping concentration dependence of the thermoelectric (TE) properties for the n- and p-doped CaIn2P2 layered Zintl phase at two fixed temperatures: T = 600 and 900 K through fir...
99 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derive a general methodology to obtain constraints for any PBH Extended Mass Distribution (EMD) and any observables in the desired mass range, starting from those obtained for a monochromatic distribution, they convert them into constraints for EMDs by using an equivalent, effective mass Meq that depends on the specific observable.
Abstract: The model in which Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) constitute a non-negligible fraction of the dark matter has (re)gained popularity after the first detections of binary black hole mergers. Most of the observational constraints to date have been derived assuming a single mass for all the PBHs, although some more recent works tried to generalize constraints to the case of extended mass functions. Here we derive a general methodology to obtain constraints for any PBH Extended Mass Distribution (EMD) and any observables in the desired mass range. Starting from those obtained for a monochromatic distribution, we convert them into constraints for EMDs by using an equivalent, effective mass Meq that depends on the specific observable. We highlight how limits of validity of the PBH modelling affect the EMD parameter space. Finally, we present converted constraints on the total abundance of PBH from microlensing, stellar distribution in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies and CMB accretion for Lognormal and Power Law mass distributions, finding that EMD constraints are generally stronger than monochromatic ones.
98 citations
TL;DR: A comparative survey of known experimental and theoretical values of heavy-hole and electron effective mass in GaAs, InAs, and A1As is presented in this article, where room-temperature values of these parameters are given for the above binary solutions and for their ternary compounds.
Abstract: A comparative survey of known experimental and theoretical values of heavy-hole and electron effective mass in GaAs, InAs, and A1As is presented in this work. Recommended room-temperature values of these parameters are given for the above binary solutions and for their ternary compounds.
98 citations