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Effective mass (solid-state physics)
About: Effective mass (solid-state physics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12539 publications have been published within this topic receiving 295485 citations.
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TL;DR: By systematically comparing experimental and theoretical transport properties, the authors identified the polar optical phonon scattering as the dominant mechanism limiting electron mobility in β-Ga2O3 to <200 cm2/V
Abstract: By systematically comparing experimental and theoretical transport properties, we identify the polar optical phonon scattering as the dominant mechanism limiting electron mobility in β–Ga2O3 to <200 cm2/V s at 300 K for donor doping densities lower than ∼1018 cm–3. Despite similar electron effective mass of β–Ga2O3 to GaN, the electron mobility is ∼10× lower because of a massive Frohlich interaction, due to the low phonon energies stemming from the crystal structure and strong bond ionicity. Based on the theoretical and experimental analysis, we provide an empirical expression for electron mobility in β–Ga2O3 that should help calibrate its potential in high performance device design and applications.
296 citations
TL;DR: The theoretical and experimental evidence which testifies to the existence of a strong energy dependence of this effective mass around the Fermi energy and near the nuclear surface is the central subject of the present review.
295 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a first order approximation to the explicit temperature variation of both hole and electron effective masses is made using the measured temperature dependence of the energy gap, and the agreement with reported measurements of ni is within the limits of error.
Abstract: Experimental observations bearing on density-of-states effective masses and on the intrinsic concentration in silicon are reviewed and correlated. These indicate effective masses to be temperature and energy dependent. The valence band structure as determined by Kane is used to calculate the temperature and donor density dependence of hole effective mass. A first order approximation to the explicit temperature variation of both hole and electron effective masses is made using the measured temperature dependence of the energy gap. When these temperature-dependent effective masses are substituted into the theoretical expression for intrinsic concentration the agreement with reported measurements of ni is within the limits of error. Density-of-states effective masses at 300°K are found to be m e ∗ = 1·18 and m h ∗ = 0·81 in contrast to the generally used 4·2°K values of m e ∗ = 1·06 and m h ∗ = 0·59 .
293 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a variational method is used to calculate the deflection and the fundamental and harmonic resonance frequencies of commercial V•shaped and rectangular atomic force microscopy cantilevers, which is roughly half that calculated for the equivalent rectangular cantilever.
Abstract: A variational method is used to calculate the deflection and the fundamental and harmonic resonance frequencies of commercial V‐shaped and rectangular atomic force microscopy cantilevers. The effective mass of V‐shaped cantilevers is roughly half that calculated for the equivalent rectangular cantilevers. Damping by environmental gases, including air, nitrogen, argon, and helium, affects the frequency of maximum response and to a much greater degree the quality factor Q. Helium has the lowest viscosity, resulting in the highest Q, and thus provides the best sensitivity in noncontact force microscopy. Damping in liquids is dominated by an increase in effective mass of the cantilever due to an added mass of the liquid being dragged with that cantilever.
293 citations
TL;DR: The absolute Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal resistivity were simultaneously measured on pure bismuth single crystals of various orientations between approximately 80° and 300°K.
Abstract: The absolute Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal resistivity were simultaneously measured on pure bismuth single crystals of various orientations between approximately 80° and 300°K. Using an overlapping two‐band many‐valley model, numerical values for the temperature dependence and anisotropy (where appropriate) of the following parameters have been calculated: (1) the overlap energy and the Fermi energy of the electrons and of the holes, (2) the density of states effective mass of the electrons and of the holes, (3) the separate electronic and lattice thermal conductivities, (4) the actual index of thermo‐electric efficiency, and (5) the hypothetical ``optimum'' index of thermoelectric efficiency. The calculated electronic thermal conductivity includes a new term due to bipolar diffusion.
292 citations