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Effective mass (solid-state physics)

About: Effective mass (solid-state physics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12539 publications have been published within this topic receiving 295485 citations.


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TL;DR: In this paper, an inconsistency between commonly used values of the silicon intrinsic carrier concentration, the effective densities of states in the conduction and valence bands, and the silicon band gap is resolved by critically assessing the relevant literature.
Abstract: An inconsistency between commonly used values of the silicon intrinsic carrier concentration, the effective densities of states in the conduction and valence bands, and the silicon band gap is resolved by critically assessing the relevant literature. As a result of this assessment, experimentally based values for the valence‐band ‘‘densities‐of‐states’’ effective mass are determined in the 300–500 K range and are shown to be in good agreement with recent theoretical calculations. At 300 K, experimentally based values of 3.1×1019 cm−3 for the valence‐band effective densities of states and 1.08×1010 cm−3 for the intrinsic carrier concentration are determined. Although in good agreement with theoretical calculations, these are significantly higher and lower, respectively, than commonly used values in the past. These results have important implications in the calculation of other silicon material and device parameters.

600 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a brief review is given on different experimental methods that can either directly measure charge carrier mobilities, or at least lead to an estimate, for high purity single crystals, a steep increase of mobilities towards low temperature with the consequence of nonlinear transport and final velocity saturation at elevated electric fields has been traced back to temperature-dependent electron and hole masses approaching the free electron mass at low temperature.

579 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the recently measured effective masses for $n$-type Si, and obtained approximate solutions of the resulting effective mass Schroedinger equation for the case of the ground state where the error is attributed to failure of the effective mass theory near the donor nucleus.
Abstract: By using the recently measured effective masses for $n$-type Si, ${m}_{1}=0.98$ $m$ and ${m}_{2}=0.19$ m, approximate solutions of the resulting effective mass Schroedinger equation are obtained. The accuracy of the solutions was tested in the limiting cases where $\frac{{m}_{2}}{{m}_{1}}=1 \mathrm{and} 0$ respectively. The nature of the resulting states and their degeneracy is discussed in some detail, taking into account the fact that the conduction band of Si has six equivalent minima. Experimentally measured ionization energies show that the effective mass theory is seriously in error in the case of the ground state. This error is attributed to failure of the effective mass theory near the donor nucleus, and allowance for this failure is made in the case of higher states. This leads finally to a theoretical spectrum for the electrons bound by P, As, or Sb donors.

561 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first-principles orthogonalized linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals method in the local-density approximation for wurtzite crystals shows that the calculated equilibrium volume and the bulk modulus are in good agreement with recent experimental data.
Abstract: Using the first-principles orthogonalized linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals method in the local-density approximation, the electronic structures and the linear-optical properties of ten wurtzite crystals, BeO, BN, SiC, AlN, GaN, InN, ZnO, ZnS, CdS, and CdSe are investigated. Results on band structures, density of states, effective masses, charge-density distributions, and effective charges are presented and compared. Optical properties of the ten wurtzite crystals up to a photon energy of 40 eV are calculated and the dielectric functions are resolved into components perpendicular and parallel to the z axis. The calculated results are compared with the available experimental data and other recent calculations. The structural properties of the wurtzite crystals are also studied by means of local-density total-energy calculations. It is shown that the calculated equilibrium volume and the bulk modulus are in good agreement with recent experimental data.

560 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202215
2021410
2020421
2019395
2018362
2017412