Showing papers on "Effluent published in 1968"

Method and apparatus for treatment of aqueous liquor

Abstract: SEWAGE TREATMENT METHODS AND APPARATUS ARE DISCLOSED INCLUDING THOSE RELATING TO CATALYTIC OXIDATION, DIGESTION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELDS, THE USE OF WEIGHTING AGENTS WHICH, PREFERABLY, ARE MAGNETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE, AND MAGNETIC DENSIFICATION. MAGNETIC DENSIFICATION IS ACHIEVED BY ADDING CATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTIC COAGULANTS AND MAGNETIC WEIGHTING AGENTS TO SEWAGE AND DENSIFYING THE COAGULATED SOLIDS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD WHICH MAY BE EITHER UNIFORM OR NONUNIFORM, THUS PRODUCING A CLARIFIED EFFLUENT.

Slurry process for hydrorefining petroleum crude oil

Abstract: A CATALYTIC SLURRY PROCESS FOR HYDROREFINING A HYDROCARBONACEOUS CHARGE STOCK CONTAINING HYDROCARBONINSOLUBLE ASPHALTENES. THE SLURRY IS A MIXTURE OF THE CHARGE STOCK AND FROM ABOUT 1.5% TO ABOUT 25.0% BY WEIGHT OF FINELY-DIVIDED SOLID PARTICLES OF NONSTOICHIO METRIC VANADIUM SULFIDE. THE PROCESS IS EFFECTED CONTINUOUSLY, AND PREFERABLY IN AN UPFLOW SYSTEM WHEREIN THE SLURRY IS INTRODUCED AT A LOWER PORTION OF A REACTION CHAMBER, AND THE PRODUCT EFFLUENT WITHDRAWN FROM AN UPPER PORTION.

Effects of chlorinated sewage effluents on fishes in upper Patuxent River, Maryland

Abstract: A 1966 summer survey on fish fauna was made in the upper Patuxent River to evaluate the effect of sewage pollution on fish with respect to species diversity and abundance. Results of this study indicate that chlorinated sewage effluent acts first as a toxic material which seriously reduces fish species diversity and abundance immediately below the effluent outfalls. It also enriches and deoxygenates the water, causing a species shift without affecting species diversity downstream.

Ensilage of whole‐crop barley. I.—Effects of variety and stage of growth

Abstract: The chemical composition and nutritive value of each of eight varieties of barley were examined at seven stages of growth. There were differences between some varieties at certain stages of growth but these were small. Dry matter content increased with increasing maturity while water-soluble carbohydrate content increased to the milky ripe stage and then fell sharply. In vitro organic matter digestibility was a maximum at the mealy ripe stages of growth. The optimum stage of growth for cutting barley for ensilage is discussed. Silage was made from barley cut at the early mealy ripe stage of growth, in small tower silos. There was no effluent, and fermentation losses were low. The in vivo digestibility of the silage organic matter was 65.5%.

Hot water process improvement

Abstract: The specification discloses an improvement to the hot water process for treating bituminous tar sands. By the invention water discharged from the hot water process is contacted with a gaseous effluent from the upgrading of bitumen to synthetic crude, the gaseous effluent containing sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, or mixtures of these gases. The contacting between the water and the effluent followed by settling produces clarified water which can be reused in the hot water process.

Method of applying a plasma spray coating

Abstract: THERE IS DESCRIBED HEREIN A METHOD OF OBTAINING A HIGHQUALITY, HIGH-DENSITY PLASMA SPRAY DEPOSITED COATING THROUGH THE USE OF HIGH VELOCITY PLASMA EFFLUENT, PREFERABLY FORMED FROM A MIXTURE OF DIATOMIC AND A MONATOMIC GAS. THE MASS FLOW RATE OF EFFLUENT AND THE CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF THE EFFLUENT EXIT ORIFICE IS ADJUSTED TO OVERCOME THE DIFFICULTY OF HEATING THE MATERIAL BEING SPRAYED TO A PLASTIC STATE IN THE SHORT TIME THAT THE MATERIAL IS IN RESIDENCE IN THE EFFLUENT.

Algal Diversity in Several Thermal Spring Effluents

Abstract: Several thermal spring effluents of western Montana were studied for agal diversity along temperature gradients. Individual communities found at intervals along the effluents were sampled to determine for each species the number of individuals and the volume. Dominance—diversity curves present the data to emphasize the individual communities; population curves and diversity index curves emphasize the gradient communities. See full-text article at JSTOR

Apparatus and process for treating sewage

Abstract: APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE BY OXIDATION AND BY CONTACTING SAID SEWAGE WITH LIVING FILAMENTOUS ALGAE AFFIXED TO A SUITABLE SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK. SEVERAL STAGES OF TREATMENT MAY BE USED, BUT A SINGLE STAGE OF TREATMENT THROUGH MOVING CONTACT OF THE SEWAGE WITH AN ALGAE BED OR SCREEN OF SUFFICIENT SIZE WILL PROVIDE COMPLETE OR ALMOST COMPLETE REMOVAL OF SUS- PENDED SOLIDS, AND THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF THE EFFLUENT WATER CAN BE REDUCED TO ACCEPTABLE LEVELS FOR DISPOSAL IN STREAMS AND LAKES.

Hydrogen manufacture using centrifugal compressors

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HYDROGEN FOR USE IN A HIGH PRESSURE PLANT EMPLOYS CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS WITHIN THE FOLLOWING STEPS IN ONE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT: (1) STEAM REFORMING OF HYDROCARBONS TO PRODUCE AN EFFLUENT GAS COMPRISING H2, CO2 AND CO; (2) SHIFT CONVERSION OF CO IN THE EFFLUENT FROM STEP (1) TO PRODUCE AN EFFLUENT GAS COMPRISING H2 AND CO2; (3) CENTRIFUGAL OR TURBOCOMPRESSION OF THE STEP (2) EFFLUENT GAS MIXTURE COMPRISING H2 AND CO2 TO ABOVE ABOUT 900 P.S.I.G.; (4) LOWERING OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CO2-''I MIXTURE TO BELOW ABOUT 0*F. TO CONDENSE AND SEPARATE A PORTION OF THE CO2; (5) ABSORBING CO2 REMAINING IN THE HYDROGEN-RICH GAS USING A PHYSICAL ABSORBENT; (6) CATALYTIC METHANATION OF RESIDUAL CO2 AND CO IN THE EFFLUENT FROM THE ABSORPTION STEP (5) TO OBTAIN PURIFIED HYDROGEN; (7) USE OF THE PURIFIED HYDROGEN IN A HYDROCONVERSION PROCESS; AND (8) RECOVERY OF HEAT FROM THE HYDROCONVERSION PROCESS TO GENERATE STEAM WHICH IS USED AS A DRIVING MEDIUM FOR THE CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSION OF STEP (3).

Treatment of waste liquors from pulp and paper mills

Abstract: PROCESS FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF WAST LIQUORS FROM PULT AND PAPER MILLS WHEREIN WASTE LIQUOR IS HEATED BY DIRECT CONTACT WITH HOT HYDROCARBON LIQUID TO A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 400 TO 700*F. UNDER SUFFICIENT PRESSURE TO PREVENT VAPORIZATION OF WATER THEREBY CONVERTING WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC MATERIAL TO A WATER INSOLUBLE SOLID PRODUCT, OR COKE, WHICH IS SEPARATED FROM TREATED AQUEOUS LIQUID EFFLUENT OF LOW CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) SUITABLE FOR REUSE IN THE PRODUCTION OF COOKING LIQUOR FOR THE PULPING PROCESS OR DISPOSAL IN LAKES OR STREAMS WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT WATER POLLUTION.

Treatment of an aqueous waste stream from a hydrocarbon conversion process

Abstract: AN AQUEOUS WASTE STREAM CONTAINING NH4HS, WHICH IS TYPICALLY PRODUCED N A PROCESS FOR CONVERTING A HYDROCARBON CHARGE STOCK CONTAINING SULFUROUS AND NITROGENOUS CONTAMINATNS, IS TREATED TO PRODUCE ELEMENTAL SULFUR AND A TREATED WATER STREAM SUITABLE FOR RECYCLE TO THE HYDROCARBON CONVERSION PROCESS, BY THE STEPS OF: (A) CATALYTICALLY TREATING THE AQUEOUS WASTE STREAM WITH OXYGEN AT OXIDIZING CONDITIONS EFFECTIVE TO PRODUCE AN EFFLUENT STREAM CONTAINING NH4OH, (NH4)2SIO3 AND ELEMENTAL SULFUR OR AMMONIUM POLYSULFIDE; (B) SEPARATING SULFUR FROM THE EFFLUENT STREAM FROM STEP (A) TO PRODUCE AN AQUEOUS EFFLUENT STREAM CONTAINING (NH4)2S2O3; AND (C) TREATING THE AQUEOUS STREAM FROM STEP (B) WITH CARBON MONOXIDE AT REDUCTION CONDITIONS EFFECTIVE TO FORM A SUBSTANTIALLY THIOSULFATE-FREE TREATED WATER STREAM. KEY FEATURE OF THE TREATMENT METHOD IS THE USE OF A CARBON MONOXIDE REDUCTION STEP TO ENABLE THE CONTINUOUS RECYCLE OF THE TREATED WATER STREAM BACK TO THE HYDROCARBON CONVERSION PROCESS WITH CONSEQUENTIAL ABATEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR MAKE-UP WATER.

Recovery of proteinaceous material from waste effluents

Abstract: The recovery of proteinaceous material from aqueous plant effluents by treating the effluent with a low molecular weight lignosulfonate.

Coking of waste liquors

Abstract: PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE LIQUORS FROM PULP AND PAPER MILLS WHEREIN WASTE LIQUOR IS HEATED UDER TURBULENT FLOW CONDITIONS IN A TUBULAR HEATER TO A TEMPERATURE ABOVE ABOUT 450*F. UNDER PRESSURE SUFFICIENT TO PREVENT VAPORIZATION OF WATER AND FORM A WATER INSOLUBLE SOLID PRODUCT, OR COKE, WHICH IS SEPARATED FROM TREATED AQUEOUS LIQUID EFFLUENT OF LOW COD SUITABLE FOR REUSE IN THE PROCESS OR FOR DISPOSAL IN LAKES AND STREAMS WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT WATER POLLUTION.

Coking and oxidizing of waste liquors

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR TREATING AQUEOUS ORGANIC WASTE LIQUOR INCLUDING THE STEPS OF COKING THE WASTE LIQUOR, IN THE ABSENCE OF FREE OXYGEN, THEREBY FORMING A COKE-CONTAINING AQUEOUS SLURRY, STEAM, GASES, AND AN EFFLUENT, SEPARATING AQUEOUS LIQUID FROM SAID SLURRY AND CONBINING SAID AQUEOUS LIQUID WITH SAID EFFLUENT, AND AIR-OXIDIZING THE THUS COMBINED LIQUIDS TO YIELD A HOT EFFLUENT HAVING A REDUCED CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND.

Soil and grass filtration of domestic sewage effluent for the removal of trace elements.

Abstract: Soil and grass filtration of a domestic sewage effluent for trace element removal was investigated by applying oxidation-pondtreated waste water to twelve 2.44-meter-long, 30.5-cm-diameter, lysimeter columns and to a half-acre plot planted to common bermudagrass. Bermudagrass was also planted on the soil columns to aid in the removal of accumulated metals, thus prolonging the filtering capacity of the soil system. Four irrigation patterns, continuous flooding, alternate day flooding, one day wet-three days dry cycles and two days wet-five days dry cycles, were employed during the eleven week lysimeter test. Water samples were extracted from the soil columns at eight sampling depths to determine the soil depth at which the various trace metals were removed from the filtrate by the processes of adsorption, absorption and biological assimilation. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques were used to determine the concentrations of iron, manganese, hexavalent chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, cobalt and strontium in the applied effluent, filtrate, soil and grass clippings. Filtrate samples for trace metal analysis were also extracted at shallow depths and from two groundwater zones at 9.1 and 15.2 meters depth under the grass plot. In the lysimeter study, iron, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, lead and cadmium were removed from the filtrate at, or near, the soil surface. Some copper, zinc and cobalt were found in the deeper

Treatment of paper coating wastes containing starch and pigment

Abstract: The separation of starch-containing coated paper broke or coating waste material into reusable pigment and fiber constituents together with an effluent which is subject to disposal in a manner to minimize or eliminate pollution problems. The pigment is recoverable from the coating composition waste material or coated paper broke aqueous suspension by utilizing the starch in sol form to maintain the pigment dispersed while effecting removal of other constituents, in the case of broke removal of fiber fines, for example. Subsequently, the starch is hydrolyzed and the dispersion treated to provide for pigment sedimentation and removal. The procedure is particularly beneficial in that there need be no effluent of the process which is not readily disposable by conventional means and without contamination or pollution of streams which may receive the final effluent.

Multiple re-use of water

Abstract: ADJACENT INDUSTRIAL PLANT. THE WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS FOR BOTH TOWN AND PLANT ARE SOLVED SIMULTANEOUSLY. THIS INVENTION RELATES TO THE TREATMENT OF SALINE, BRACKISH OR OTHER HIGH MINERAL CONTENT WATER TO PROVIDE EFFLUENT WATERS FOR DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL USAGE AND TO THE TREATMENT OF THE DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRAIL WASTE WATER FOR MULTIPLE REUSE SO AS TO SOLVE BOTH WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE WATER POLLUTION PROBLEMS. THE INVENTION COMBINES A DEMINERALIZATION SYSTEM WITH A SYSTEM UTILIZING A RELATIVELY NON-VOLATILE FLUIDIZING LIQUID AND CAPABLE OF OPERATING ON WASTE WATERS OF RELATIVELY HIGH SOLIDS CONTENT, THE LATTER SYSTEM RECEIVING HIGH MINERAL CONTNET EFFLUENT FROM THE DEMINERALIZER AS WELL AS WASTE WATERS FROM THE INDUSTRIAL AND/OR DOMESTIC SOURCES. POTABLE WATER AND LOW MINERAL CONTENT WATERS FOR INDUSTRIAL USE ARE PRODUCED AND SUBSTANTIALLY ALL WATER IS REUSED EXCEPTING THAT LOST BY EVAPORATION TO THE ATMOSPHERE OR BY USE IN IRRIGATION. THE SYSTEM IS PARTICULARLY WELL ADAPTED FOR SMALL COMMUNITIES HAVING AN

A Study of the Disposal of the Effluent From a Large Desalination Plant

Abstract: From Introduction and Summary and Conclusions: "The disposal of the effluents from large desalination plants has been studied for two years by the Dow Chemical Company and Texas A. & M. University under contract to the Office of Saline Water. Recommendations are presented on the type, frequency, and intensity of pre-plant oceanographic and biological surveys and of post-plant monitoring and verification surveys."