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Showing papers on "Effluent published in 1969"


Patent
15 May 1969
TL;DR: In this article, a coagulating agent is added to the effluent from a biological treating zone to coagulate into solids contaminants remaining in said effluent, and then separating the solids from the water.
Abstract: Contaminants in waste-water are removed by passing the wastewater through a biological treating zone, adding a coagulating agent to the effluent from this treating zone to coagulate into solids contaminants remaining in said effluent, and then separating the solids from the water. Separation can be achieved by either air flotation and/or filtration. Preferably, the effluent from the biological treating zone contains unflocculated biological solids which reinforce the effect of the coagulating agent.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the pH of wastewater in various stages of its purification depends mainly upon the equilibria of carbonic acid and relations between pH and the concentrations of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and carbonate can be formulated.

32 citations


Patent
02 Jul 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, an underground pipeline reactor having a static mixer for enhancing contact between the oxygen, aerobic bacteria and organic pollutants is used to meet the biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the combined effluent and recycled activated sludge.
Abstract: Sewage effluent from a primary treatment plant is initially pumped to a vacuum deaerator for removal of dissolved air and hence nitrogen, from the effluent stream. This stream, deaerated as required, is joined with a stream of recycled activated sludge and a stream of pure oxygen in quantity sufficient to meet the ''''biological oxygen demand'''' (BOD) of the combined effluent and recycled activated sludge. The confluence is pumped through an underground pipeline reactor having a static mixer for enhancing contact between the oxygen, aerobic bacteria and organic pollutants. The reactor stream BOD is progressively reduced to the required level at the reactor outlet. A downstream clarifier separates the reactor activated sludge from treated waste water and separated sludge in part is returned for recycling to the inlet of the reactor. The clear waste effluent from the clarifier is sent to tertiary treatment units or to receiving waters.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The cost of anaerobic digestion of strong wastes is considerably less than that of equivalent aerobic processes, and the latter are again more economic at C O D concentrations below 4000 mg/l as discussed by the authors.

31 citations


Patent
29 Jul 1969
TL;DR: In this article, waste water effluent derived from the alkaline pulping processes and discharged from pulp and paper mills containing suspended wood fibrous solids and discolored with dissolved wood degradation products is treated first with calcium salts, such as CaO or Ca(OH)2 to cause a substantial reduction in the fiber solid and color content of the effluent.
Abstract: Waste water effluent derived from the alkaline pulping processes and discharged from pulp and paper mills containing suspended wood fibrous solids and discolored with dissolved wood degradation products is treated first with calcium salts, such as CaO or Ca(OH)2 to cause a substantial reduction in the fiber solid and color content of the effluent. The partially clarified effluent is then contacted with CO2 gas to precipitate any dissolved calcium salts and the remainder of the wood degradation products and color bodies.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Raising the pH value of humus tank effluent to 11·5 for a period of 1 hr destroyed all Gram-negative bacteria and reduced the plate count by more than 99 per cent, and had almost no effect on mycobacteria.

24 citations


Patent
22 Sep 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the effluent from a conventional primary or secondary sewage treatment plant is passed through a self-cleaning mechanical strainer and then into a high-rate, granular, pressure filter.
Abstract: The effluent from a conventional primary or secondary sewage treatment plant is passed through a self-cleaning mechanical strainer and then into a high-rate, granular, pressure filter. A portion of the filtered effluent is recirculated through the strainer and filter in order to maintain a uniform flow rate on the filter. Suspended solids collected by the strainer and the high-rate filter are returned to the entrance of the primary treatment area for retreatment.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: During the summer when high surface-water temperatures prevailed, there seemed to be a reduced number and/or disappearance of flatworms and colonial hydroids, along with increased barnacle growth.
Abstract: Two sets of test panels, one in the intake and the other in the effluent canal of a steam-generating station, were submerged at montly intervals in 1967. The panels were analyzed for epifaunal species composition, abundance, seasonal attachment, and total biomass production. The average surface-water temperature rose 6.3 C above ambient on the effluent side, and the biomass production of the epifaunal organisms found there increased nearly three times that of the intake. An earlier and larger set of some attached organisms occurred in the effluent, but there was little change in species composition between the intake and effluent canals. During the summer when high surface-water temperatures prevailed, there seemed to be a reduced number and/or disappearance of flatworms and colonial hydroids, along with increased barnacle growth. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A00BY035 00006

17 citations


Patent
27 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this article, an approach for separating the EFFLUENT from a CATALYTIC this articleORMING ZONE is presented, with the aim of separating it from a catalytic reformation zone.
Abstract: METHOD FOR SEPARATING THE EFFLUENT FROM A CATALYTIC REFORMING ZONE UTILIZING ABSORPTION AND FRACTIONATION TECHNIQUES. THE INVENTIVE PROCESSING SCHEME PERMITS HIGH RECOVERY OF NORMALLY GASEOUS HYDROCARBONS AS WELL AS REFORMATE.

16 citations


Patent
13 Mar 1969
TL;DR: In this article, a self-contained, non-contaminating waste disposal system useful over a prolonged period of time with particular utility in passenger carrying vehicles, such as waterborne pleasure craft, is described.
Abstract: This invention relates to a self-contained, noncontaminating waste disposal system useful over a prolonged period of time with particular utility in passenger carrying vehicles, such as waterborne pleasure craft. The system of the invention provides an impervious container into which is fed waste products and from which liquid effluent is removed by compression of the container. The container can be enveloped by an outer container which causes compression of the inner container. Liquid effluent removed from the inner container is then pasteurized so that only harmless pasteurized effluent is discharged from the system. Removal and pasteurization of effluent, moreover, can be effected even while waste products are being fed to the container. Also, the engine for a passenger carrying vehicle can be used in effecting compression of the container and in pasteurizing the drained effluent. After the container becomes so filled with solid waste products that appreciable amounts of liquid effluent can be no longer removed, the container itself can be removed from the system and either can be disposed of or reused after cleaning.

16 citations




Patent
11 Feb 1969
TL;DR: In this article, a method comprising a biological treatment tank, preferably including rotatable biological contactor means, is presented for sensing the hydraulic flow rate in the system and also for sensing organic concentration of the sewage or of the effluent.
Abstract: A sewage treatment apparatus and method comprising a biological treatment tank, preferably including rotatable biological contactor means therein. Means are provided for sensing the hydraulic flow rate in the system and also for sensing the organic concentration of the sewage or of the effluent, and for recycling secondary sludge to the biological treatment tank as a function of the hydraulic flow rate and of the organic concentration.

Patent
14 Jul 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of a Particulate Ion Exchange Mixture for the purification of wasTE EFFLUENTS, such as WASHINGS, was discussed.
Abstract: THE SPECIFICATION DESCRIBES THE USE OF A PARTICULATE ION EXCHANGE MATERIAL FOR THE PURIFICATION OF WASTE EFFLUENTS, SUCH AS WASHINGS OBTAINED FROM SLAUGHTER HOUSES, WHICH CONTAIN PROTEIN OR FAT, OR BOTH. THE USE OF THE MATERIAL CAN PROVIDE EFFLUENT, WITH A SUFFICIENTLY LOW CONTAMINATION LEVEL FOR IT TO BE READILY DISPOSED OF, OR EVEN REUSED FOR FURTHER CLEANING PURPOSES. BY SUITABLE ELUTION OF THE MATERIAL, THE PROTEIN OR FAT CAN BE RELEASED AND ISOLATED FOR USE, FOR EXAMPLE, AS ANIMAL FOOD. THE ION EXCHANGE MATERIAL CAN BE REGENERATED FOR REUSE.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the optimum level of nitrogen supplementation for the synthetic nitrogen-deficient waste employed should not be based solely on the desired effluent quality with respect to COD removal but should include due consideration of reactor detention time (or dilution rate) and the allowable (or desirable) level of NO leakage in the effluent.
Abstract: Heterogeneous populations of sewage origin were grown continuously at, dilution rates from 1/12 hr−1 to dilute-out (1/1 hr−1) using glucose (1000 mg/l) as carbon source and three concentrations of NH3-N as the nitrogen source (COD:N = 70:1, 40:1, and 25:1). The effects of nitrogen level and growth rate (dilution rate) on substrate removal, biological solids production, cellular carbohydrate and protein, and NH-N in the effluent were examined. It was found that the optimum level of nitrogen supplementation for the synthetic nitrogen-deficient waste employed should not be based solely on the desired effluent quality with respect to COD removal but should include due consideration of reactor detention time (or dilution rate) and the allowable (or desirable) level of nitrogen leakage in the effluent.

Patent
14 May 1969
TL;DR: In this article, an improved process for treating wastewater is based on a pre-treatment to convert high molecular weight soluble organic material in raw wastewater into organic material of low molecular weight, followed by the wastewater is treated with a process sequence tailored to effluent quality requirements.
Abstract: An improved process for treating wastewater is based on a pre-treatment to convert high molecular weight soluble organic material in raw wastewater into organic material of low molecular weight. Following this conversion, the wastewater is treated with a process sequence tailored to effluent quality requirements. One such sequence may include, for example, the steps of physical or biological adsorption, solids removal, membrane filtration, and disinfection.


Patent
09 Jun 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a procedure for the treatment of liquid containers containing bio-degraded solids, as for example, SEWAGE, and EFFLUENT.
Abstract: A PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF LIQUID CONTAINING BIODEGRADABLE ORGANIC SOLIDS, AS FOR EXAMPLE, SEWAGE, AND THE LIKE, WHICH, IN GENERAL, COMBINES DESIRABLE FEATURES OF TRICKLING FILTER AND ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS AND INCLUDES APPARATUS SUITABLE THEREFOR. A LIQUID CONTAINING BIODEGRADABLE SOLIDS, AS FOR EXAMPLE, SEWAGE AND THE LIKE IS CONSTANTLY RECIRCULATED FROM A SUMP OR AEROBIC LAGOON THROUGH A TRICKLING FILTER, AND EFFLUENT FROM THE TRICKLING FILTER IS MIXED WITH INCOMING RAW SEWAGE WITH AGITATION IN THE SUMP. THE MIXTURE IS THEN RETAINED IN QUIESCENT ZONES BEFORE OVERFLOW EFFLUENT IS REMOVED FROM THE SUMP THUS EFFICIENTLY TREATING BOTH SETTLEABLE SOLIDS AND DISSOLVED SOLIDS CONTAINED IN THE SEWAGE AND THE LIKE. D R A W I N G


Patent
21 Apr 1969
TL;DR: In this article, an enclosed separation chamber in the reactor above the fluid bed, a plurality of cooling conduits mounted outside the reactor for carrying the effluent plus entrapped catalyst dust from the reactor to the separation chamber, within the chamber, one or more filtering means were used for stripping catalytic particles from effluent.
Abstract: System for stripping catalyst dust from the effluent stream of a fluid catalyst bed reactor, including an enclosed separation chamber in the reactor above the fluid bed, a plurality of cooling conduits mounted outside the reactor for carrying the effluent plus entrapped catalyst dust from the reactor to the separation chamber; and, within the chamber, one or more filtering means for stripping catalyst dust from the effluent, the effluent being continuously removed from the separation zone via the filtering means and the separated catalyst dust being returned to the fluid bed.

Patent
12 Dec 1969
TL;DR: A procedure for the treatment of AQUEOUS BIOLOGICAL WASTES and/or other LIQUIDS CONTAINING POLLUTIONAL MATERIALS to produce an EFFLUENT HAVING A LOW COD (BOD) and a SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED CONCENTRATION of SOLBULE NITROGEN and PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS whereIN a wasTE WATER STREAM is FED to a COKING ZONE and HEATED to a TEMPERATURE in the range of 400
Abstract: A PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS BIOLOGICAL WASTES AND/OR OTHER LIQUIDS CONTAINING POLLUTIONAL MATERIALS TO PRODUCE AN EFFLUENT HAVING A LOW COD (BOD) AND A SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED CONCENTRATION OF SOLBULE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS WHEREIN A WASTE WATER STREAM IS FED TO A COKING ZONE AND HEATED TO A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 400 TO 700*F. UNDER SUFFICIENT PRESSURE TO PREVENT THE VAPORIZATION OF WATER TO FORM COKE, CARBON DIOXIDE, AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT OXYGENATED, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHICH ARE SEPARATED FROM THE TREATED SEWAGE AQUEOUS EFFLUENT; THIS EFFLUENT IS OXIDIZED WITH AIR AT A TEMPERATURE ABOVE ABOUT 450*F. UNDER SUFFICIENT PRESCARBON DIOXIDE OR THE OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OR BOTH ARE INTRODUCED AT SELECTED POINTS IN THE WASTE WATER STREAM TO STIMULATE THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS WHICH CONSUME SOLUBLE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, WHICH MICOORGANISMS ARE THEN SENT ON TO THE COKING ZONE FOR COKING. BY THUS STIMULATING BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES WHICH CONSUME NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS THERE IS PRODUCED AN EFFLUENT WHICH CAN BE DISCHARGED INTO BODIES OF WATER WITHOUT CAUSING EUTROPHICATION OF THE WATERS.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Most plants are equipped with a screen or comminutor or both prior to the aeration tank and secondary units such as sand filters or oxidation ponds are occasionally used to further improve the final effluent.


Patent
06 Aug 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, a human conveyance has a fuel-burning engine and a toilet which discharges to a waste storage tank, where effluent from the storage tank is fed to an evaporating device, where the effluent is subjected to a first temperature which evaporates the waste to form effluent vapor.
Abstract: A human conveyance has a fuel-burning engine and a toilet which discharges to a waste storage tank. Effluent from the storage tank is fed to an evaporating device where the effluent is subjected to a first temperature which evaporates the effluent to form effluent vapor. The effluent vapor is directed to a second heating device which subjects the waste temperature to a second temperature substantially greater than the evaporating temperature. The heating device which subjects the effluent vapor to the second temperature may be defined by the intake or exhaust ports of the fuel-burning engine.

Patent
03 Jun 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a process of converting OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS to water and carbon dioxide oxides in the presence of mirror-organism.
Abstract: EXCESS PURGE WATER CONTAINING OXYGENATD HYDROCARBONS RESULTING FROM HYDROCARBON DEHYDROGENATION PROCESSES IS RENDERED NONTOXIC BY THE CONVERSION OF THE OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS TO WATER AND CARBON OXIDES IN THE PRESENCE OF MICRORGANISM, E.G., SAPROPHYTIC BACTERIA, PROTOZOA, YEAST AND FUNGI, UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS. IN PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION, THE PURGE WATER PRIOR TO TREATMENT WITH MICOORGANISMS IS REBOLED OR STRIPPED WITH A HOT GAS TO REDUCE THE CONVENTRATION OF OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS.

Patent
26 Sep 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, an effluent stripper is used to strip the hydrogen and light hydrocarbons from the effluent of a hydroconversion process, which is then passed to a feed stripper to strip oxygen eluant the hydrocarbon feed.
Abstract: The reactor effluent from a hydroconversion process is (1) passed directly to an effluent stripper, components, hydrogen and light hydrocarbons are stripped by passing a hydrogen-rich gas stream through the stripper in countercurrent flow to said effluent and (3) the hydrogen and light hydrocarbons from the effluent stripper are then passed to a feed stripper to strip oxygen eluant the hydrocarbon feed which is utilized in the hydroconversion process. The invention finds particular utility in hydrodesulfurization.

Patent
19 Sep 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the removal of carbonyl communities and residual oxygen from a dehydrogenation EFFLUENT, which was used to prevent ABSORPTION into an OIL.
Abstract: CARBONYL COMPUNDS AND RESIDUAL OXYGEN ARE REMOVED FROM HYDROCARBON DEHYDROGENATION EFFLUENT CONTAINING RICH OIL STRIPPER OVERHEAT VAPORS, PRIOR, TO CONDENSING HYDROCARBON PRODUCT, WITH WATER SOLUTION SPRAY, E.G., 1 WEIGHT PERCENT KOH, TO REMOVE CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND 1 WEIGHT PERCENT BISULFITE OR NITRITE SOLUTION TO REMOVE OXYGEN AND ORGANIC ACIDS. A COMBINATION OF AGENTS CAN BE USED. THE WATER SOLUTION AND REMOVED MATERIALS ALONG WITH STEAM CONDENSATE ARE REMOVED FROM A SUITABLE TRAY IN THE STRIPPER. THE C4 OR C5 OLEFINS CONTAINED IN DEHYDROGENATION EFFLUENT AFTER ABSORPTION INTO AN OIL ARE RECOVERED THEREFROM IN A STRIPPER TO WHICH THE SPARY IS FED.

Patent
22 Aug 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, waste water is cycled through a wet scrubber and a fluid bed incinerator fed by a first combustion chamber so that the waste water was concentrated in the wet scrubbers as it removes solid particles from gases introduced from the fluid-bed incinerator, and hot gases from a second combustion chamber passing to a second firing chamber to oxidize organic matter entrained in the gaseous effluent at higher temperature.
Abstract: Waste water is cycled through a wet scrubber and a fluid bed incinerator fed by a first combustion chamber so that the waste water is concentrated in the wet scrubber as it removes solid particles from gases introduced from the fluid bed incinerator, the fluid bed incinerator removing inorganic solids at relatively low temperatures, gaseous effluent from the wet scrubber and hot gases from a second combustion chamber passing to a second firing chamber to oxidize organic matter entrained in the gaseous effluent at a higher temperature, the gaseous effluent passing through a steam boiler for heat recovery.