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Effluent

About: Effluent is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32668 publications have been published within this topic receiving 533991 citations.


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Patent
18 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a shrouding gas is employed to separate the halogen-containing effluent gas from the water vapor at the inlet of the thermal oxidation reactor, to prevent premature reaction that would otherwise produce particulates and reaction products that could clog the inlets of the reactor.
Abstract: An apparatus and process for abatement of halogen in a halogen-containing effluent gas, such as is produced by a semiconductor manufacturing plant utilizing perfluorocompounds in the operation of the plant. Halogen-containing effluent gas is contacted with water vapor in a thermal oxidation reactor to convert halogen species to reaction products that are readily removed from the effluent gas by subsequent scrubbing. A shrouding gas may be employed to separate the halogen-containing effluent gas from the water vapor at the inlet of the thermal oxidation reactor, to thereby prevent premature reaction that would otherwise produce particulates and reaction products that could clog the inlet of the reactor.

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the potential of subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) for tertiary treatment of wastewater at four shorter HRTs (1, 2, 3 and 4 days).

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The biomass and lipid productivities and the nutrient removal capacity of microalgae Nannochloropsis salina grown using anaerobically digested municipal wastewater effluent as a nutrient source were evaluated in this study.

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that zero-valent Fe/H2O2 could be considered as an effective alternative solution for the treatment of OMW or may be combined with a classical biological process to achieve high quality of effluent water.

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results obtained show that aspirin, clolibric acid, diatrozate, fluvoxamine and cyclophosphamide were not detected in any of the crude sewage or sewage effluent samples above the limit of detection of the applied methods.
Abstract: In this study a number of analytical procedures are described to determine pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and their metabolites during sewage treatment. The work shows that PPCPs occur in sewage influent and are removed by various wastewater treatment processes. PPCPs include a wide range of chemicals such as prescription drugs as well as diagnostic agents, fragrances, sun-screen agents, and various other compounds commonly present in household items (e.g. detergents, cleaners, toothpastes etc.). During this study a number of PPCPs including painkillers (aspirin, ibuprofen), cholesterol control medication (clofibric acid), antibacterial agents (triclosan), musks (including galaxolide and tonalide), X-ray contrast media (diatrizoate), cancer treatment drugs (cyclophosphamide) and anti-depressant drugs (fluvoxamine) were investigated. Analysis was carried out using a number of techniques. Samples were extracted using solid phase extraction or liquid-liquid extraction and the extracts analysed using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or LC-MS-MS. The results obtained show that aspirin, clofibric acid, diatrozate, fluvoxamine and cyclophosphamide were not detected in any of the crude sewage or sewage effluent samples above the limit of detection of the applied methods. Ibuprofen was detected in all crude sewage samples as well as in all effluent samples with one exception. Removal of ibuprofen by the different STWs was generally between 80–100%, with the exception of one STW where removal was poor (14.4 to 44%). Triclosan was also detected in all crude sewage samples and in all sewage effluent samples. The highest concentration of triclosan detected was 3100 ng l−1. A high removal efficiency was observed in effluent samples taken on two occasions (average removal 95.6%). The concentrations of musks detected in the crude sewage were generally low except for galaxolide and tonalide. The results from STW effluent samples showed significant removal of galaxolide (70–83% removal) except at one STW (STW 1) where removal was low (57% and 39%). Similar removal efficiencies for tonalide were achieved at these STWs (73–96%) except at STW 1 where removal was poor (53%).

154 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20232,088
20224,801
20211,219
20201,341
20191,528
20181,582