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Effluent

About: Effluent is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32668 publications have been published within this topic receiving 533991 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, trace elements were extracted from a coal-fired power plant electrostatic precipitator ash with nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid and ammonium hydroxide as extractants.
Abstract: Trace elements were extracted from a coal-fired power plant electrostatic precipitator ash with nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, redistilled water, and ammonium hydroxide as extractants. Effluent waters at this plant were sampled to assess the elevation of trace element concentrations compared with intake waters. The results showed a positive correlation between those elements most extractable by water (B, F, Mo, and Se) or acid (As, B, Cd, F, Mo, and Se) and those elements most elevated in effluent waters (As, B, F, Mo, and Se).

128 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the removal of chemical contaminants, indicator organisms, and opportunistic pathogens from domestic greywater using the recycled vertical flow bioreactor (RVFB) system.

128 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Virus was demonstrated in fully digested sludge, sand at the site of a sewer leak, and dried sludge cake and mud 900 m downstream from a sewage disposal site, demonstrating the inadequacy of virus concentration techniques that do not include the processing of solids.
Abstract: Data presented demonstrate the relatively high multiplicity of solids-associated virus in field samples, i.e., wastewater, sludge, and soils. Influent, effluent, and chlorinated effluent samples showed 16.1 to 100% of the total virus demonstrated in samples to be solids associated. Three techniques for freeing solids-associated virus are described and compared. Using sonication of solids and polyethylene glycol concentration, virus was demonstrated in fully digested sludge (60 days at 34 C), sand at the site of a sewer leak, and dried sludge cake and mud 900 m downstream from a sewage disposal site. These data emphasize the inadequacy of virus concentration techniques that do not include the processing of solids. In situ elution failed to free solids-associated virus.

128 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of three floating and six emergent aquatic macrophytes in improving domestic wastewater quality, based on their capacities for oxygen transport into the rooting zone of the plants created an oxidized microenvironment, thereby stimulating C and N transformations critical to wastewater treatment.
Abstract: Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of three floating and six emergent aquatic macrophytes in improving domestic wastewater quality, based on their capacities for O₂ transport into the effluent Oxygen transport into the rooting zone of the plants created an oxidized microenvironment, thereby stimulating C and N transformations critical to wastewater treatment Plants were cultured in flasks containing deoxygenated primary and secondary sewage effluent for an 8-d period Oxygen transport by the plants was measured in terms of both O₂ consumed by the effluent (biological O₂ demand reduction—BOD₅) and increased effluent dissolved O₂ Two floating plants, pennywort (Hydrocotyle umbellata L) and waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms], and the emergent plants pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata L) and common arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia L), were superior in improving primary sewage effluent quality, by reducing BOD₅ up to 88%, NH₄-N up to 77%, and increasing dissolved O₂ up to 61 mg L⁻¹ Nitrification rates in pennywort- and water hyacinth-based water treatment systems were calculated to be in the range of 12 to 47 kg NH₄-N ha⁻¹ d⁻¹ Oxygen transport through plants accounted for up to 90% of the total O₂ transported into the effluent In separate batch experiments, the effectiveness of diffuse mechanical aeration (5 and 50 mL air min⁻¹) and of biological aeration (O₂ transport by selected plants including pennywort, waterhyacinth, pickerelweed, and common arrowhead) on the rate of contaminant removal from deoxygenated primary sewage effluent were compared for a 26-d period Biological and mechanical aeration effected similar BOD₅ removal First-order reaction rate constants for BOD₅ removal were from 00066 to 00079 h⁻¹ and from 00041 to 00051 h⁻¹ for biological and mechanical aeration, respectively Rate constants for NH₄-N removal were from 00024 to 00107 h⁻¹ for the plant treatments Virtually complete BOD₅ removal occurred in biological and mechanical aeration treatments within 20 d Complete nitrification of NH₄-N had occurred within 12 d after mechanical aeration was initiated, but subsequent N-loss by denitrification was inhibited In the biological aeration treatments, negligible effluent (NO₃ + NO₂)-N levels were measured, but 65 to 100% NH₄-N loss occurred both by plant assimilation and by sequential nitrification-denitrification reactions Florida Agric Exp Stn Journal Series R-00084

128 citations

Patent
03 Aug 1989
TL;DR: In this article, a municipal sanitary sewage sludge is disposed of by an improved partial oxidation process without polluting the environment, where aqueous slurries are upgraded by hydrothermal treatment, preferably while being sheared, concentrated, and then mixed with a supplemental fuel.
Abstract: Municipal sanitary sewage sludge is disposed of by an improved partial oxidation process without polluting the environment. Aqueous slurries of sewage sludge are upgraded by hydrothermal treatment, preferably while being sheared, concentrated, and then mixed with a supplemental fuel, preferably coal. A pumpable aqueous slurry of sewage sludge-coal and/or petroleum coke is thereby produced having a greater total solids and heat content (HHV) as well as containing an increased amount of sewage sludge for reacting with free-oxygen containing gas in a free-flow partial oxidation gas generator. Hot quench water or steam produced by cooling the hot raw effluent stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas from the gasifier may provide heat for the hydrothermal step.

128 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20232,088
20224,801
20211,219
20201,341
20191,528
20181,582