Topic
Effluent
About: Effluent is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32668 publications have been published within this topic receiving 533991 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a non-equilibrium steady state box model is reported, that predicts the fate of new chemicals in a conventional sewage treatment plant from a minimal input data set, written in an electronic spreadsheet (Lotus™ 123).
120 citations
TL;DR: It was found that under adequate operational conditions, the quality of secondary effluents meets irrigation reuse criteria and the economic benefit of the additional by-product of the biomass reduces wastewater expenditures in the range of 0.020 to 0.050 per each treated m3 of wastewater.
120 citations
TL;DR: Methods for altering the forms of phosphorus for the design and application of phosphorus-removal technologies for dairy wastewater management and the phase structure of the solid precipitate obtained from the EDTA treatment matched well with standard struvite, based on the data from X-ray diffraction analysis.
Abstract: Being a non-renewable resource and a source of potential water pollution, phosphorus could be recovered from animal manure in the form of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) to be used as a slow-release fertilizer. It was found recently that the majority of phosphorus in anaerobically digested dairy effluent is tied up in a fine suspended calcium-phosphate solid, thus becoming unavailable for struvite formation. Acidification and use of a chelating agent were investigated for converting the calcium-associated phosphorus in the digested effluent to dissolved phosphate ions, so that struvite can be produced. The results demonstrated that the phosphorus in the effluent was released into the solution by lowering the pH. In addition, the phosphorus concentration in the solution increased significantly with increased ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) concentration, as EDTA has a high stability constant with calcium. Most of the phosphorus (91%) was released into the solution after adding EDTA. Further, the freed phosphorus ion precipitated out as struvite provided that sufficient magnesium ions (Mg2+) were present in the solution. Furthermore, the phase structure of the solid precipitate obtained from the EDTA treatment matched well with standard struvite, based on the data from X-ray diffraction analysis. These results provide methods for altering the forms of phosphorus for the design and application of phosphorus-removal technologies for dairy wastewater management.
120 citations
TL;DR: The high reduction of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) concentrations between raw wastewater and effluent enables to satisfy the requirements of the Water Framework Directive for NP except in very critical situations where the dilution factor of the effluent in the river would be lower than 7.5%.
120 citations
TL;DR: The research results provided basic data for the research and supervision of MPs pollution in WWTPs and revealed fibers were the main shape in wastewater, followed by fragments, flakes, spheres and films.
120 citations