Effluent

About: Effluent is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32668 publications have been published within this topic receiving 533991 citations.

Comparative studies on accumulation of Cr from metal solution and tannery effluent under repeated metal exposure by aquatic plants: its toxic effects.

Abstract: The present study demonstrates comparison of Cr accumulating potential by the plants of Najas indica Cham. (submerged), Vallisneria spiralis L. (rooted submerged) and Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. (rooted emergent) under repeated metal exposure and its effect on chlorophyll and protein concentrations. These plants were treated with different concentrations of Cr under repeated exposure in controlled laboratory conditions to assess the maximum metal accumulation potential. The plants of V. spiralis accumulated significantly high amount of Cr under laboratory conditions in comparison to N. indica and A. sessilis. The maximum accumulation of 1378, 458 and 201 microg (-1) dw Cr was found in the leaves of V. spiralis. N. indica and A. sessilis, respectively at 8 mg (-1) after 9 day of Cr exposure. These plants have shown a decrease in chlorophyll and protein concentrations with increase in Cr concentrations. In view of high accumulation of Cr in V. spiralis, the plants were treated with different concentrations of tannery effluent collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant, Unnao (UP). The plants of V. spiralis treated with 100% tannery wastewater showed the maximum accumulation (57.5 microg g(-1) dw) of Cr in the roots after 10 days of exposure. The plants were found effective in removing Cr from solution and tannery effluent.

Persistence of poliovirus 1 in soil and on vegetables grown in soil previously flooded with inoculated sewage sludge or effluent.

Abstract: Land disposal of sewage sludge and effluent is becoming a common practice in the United States. The fertilizer content and humus value of such wastes are useful for agricultural purposes, and the recycling of sewage onto the land eliminates many of our stream pollution problems. The potential exists for crops grown in such irrigated soil to be contaminated by viruses that may be present in the sewage. Studies were initiated to determine viral persistence in soil and on crops grown under natural conditions in field plots that had been flooded to a depth of 1 inch (2.54 cm) with poliovirus 1-inoculated sewage wastes. Lettuce and radishes were planted in sludge- or effluent-flooded soil. In one study, the vegetables were planted 1 day before flooding, and in another they were planted 3 days after the plots were flooded. Survival of poliovirus 1 in soil irrigated with inoculated sewage sludge and effluent was determined during two summer growing seasons and one winter period. The longest period of survival was during the winter, when virus was detected after 96 days. During the summer, the longest survival period was 11 days. Poliovirus 1 was recovered from the mature vegetables 23 days after flooding of the plots had ceased. Lettuce and radishes are usually harvested 3 to 4 weeks after planting.

Monitoring linear alkyl benzene sulfonate in the environment: 1973–1986

Abstract: Results from extensive monitoring from 1973 to 1986 indicate that linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) is extensively removed by sewage treatment with resulting river water concentrations in the low ppb range. Wastewater treatment plant removal efficiencies exceed those for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); they average 98% for activated sludge, 80% for trickling filters and 27% for primary clarification. Concentrations in influent sewage (x = 3.5 mg/L), effluent sewage (x = 0.06–2.1 mg/L), and in river waters (<0.005–0.3 mg/L) are in agreement with predicted concentrations and measurements by other investigators. Levels of LAS in soil cores analyzed shortly after sludge amendment range from <3 to 47 mg/kg and are consistent with sludge loading rates and biodegradation of LAS from the previous year's sludge application. Removal of LAS occurs by biodegradation in all compartments and sorption/settling from the water column. Longer chain length, more sorptive LAS homologs are relatively enriched in sludge solids and in river sediments, thus the average LAS chain length was found to be higher in those compartments. Results obtained from long-term monitoring support the rapid removal of LAS by biodegradation in the environment.