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Effluent

About: Effluent is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32668 publications have been published within this topic receiving 533991 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of applying treated wastewater on citrus trees were evaluated on two experimental plots irrigated with two different treated wastewater effluents were compared and the experimental sites were located in Murcia, southeastern Spain.

106 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the long-term performance of the biofilm-electrode reactor was demonstrated for denitrification, where the applied electric current intensity was varied from 0 to 100 mA.

106 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The amount of solids produced in a typical recirculating aquacultural system can be estimated using an equation presented in this paper, which shows total suspended solids (TSS) is the major pollutant of the sludge produced.
Abstract: Waste discharge from recirculating aquacultural systems is typically in the form of sludge composed of partially stabilized excreta, uneaten food particles, and bacterial growth. The amount of solids produced can be estimated using an equation presented in this paper. In a typical recirculating system, total suspended solids (TSS) is the major pollutant of the sludge produced. The production of TSS ranges from 10 to 30% of the feeding rate on a dry weight basis. The ratio of 5-d biochemical oxygen demand to total suspended solids (BODS/TSS) of the sludge ranges from 0.10 to 0.2, the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) content of the TSS ranges from 4 to 6%, and total phosphorus ranges from 0.2 to 2%. The nature of the waste and the economics of the treatment processes dictate the disposal of aquacultural sludge. Effective clarification of aquacultural waste is critical in reducing sludge volume. Using lagoons for stabilization and storage is the most practical option. While direct disposal by land application seems feasible for rural areas with dry climates, additional stabilization/storage in a lagoon with eventual disposal through land application seems most feasible for a variety of conditions. The effluent produced from the sludge treatment processes can be used for irrigation or for direct discharge after further polishing (treatment).

106 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that the WWTP had good removal efficiency on potential pathogenic bacteria (especially Arcobacter butzleri) and ARGs, and the increase in the abundance of potential pathogens and ARG at effluent outfall was observed, indicating that WWTP effluent might contribute to the dissemination of potential Pathogenic bacteria andARGs in the receiving river.

106 citations

Journal Article
01 Jan 1996-Water SA
TL;DR: In this article, the use of anaerobic digestion to decolourise reactive azo dyes has been investigated on a laboratory scale and the investigation was extended to full-scale trials.
Abstract: Reactive dyes are difficult to remove from textile waste water due to their solubility and they pass through conventional aerobic biological sewage treatment systems and enter the receiving water body. Investigations into the use of anaerobic digestion to decolourise reactive azo dyes have been successful on a laboratory scale and the investigation was extended to full-scale trials. Exhausted reactive dyebath effluent (3 kl/d) was discharged into a primary digester (1.34 Ml) on weekdays for a 151-d period. On average, 48 kl/d of sludge was fed to the experimental and control digesters. The overflow was monitored for colour, sodium and sulphide concentrations. A laboratory digester was also set up to simulate the full-scale conditions but was operated at twice the exhausted dyebath loading recipe. No visual difference in colour was noted between the overflow of the primary or laboratory digester and the control digester, but elevated levels of sodium and sulphide were obtained due to the high concentration of sodium sulphate used in the reactive dyeing process. The laboratory digester became unstable at sulphide concentrations of 400 mg/l. However, the sulphide concentrations in the primary digester never increased such that it threatened digester stability.

106 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20232,088
20224,801
20211,219
20201,341
20191,528
20181,582