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Effluent

About: Effluent is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32668 publications have been published within this topic receiving 533991 citations.


Papers
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Book ChapterDOI
23 Sep 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibility of achieving better treatment performance in improved designs of macrophyte-based wastewater treatment systems is discussed, and the applicability of the different macro-phyte based wastewater treatment system depends on climatic conditions, effluent quality required, wastewater characteristics, availability and price of land, conservation regulations, etc.
Abstract: Both natural and constructed wetlands have been used as wastewater treatment systems; it is generally found that both systems may act as efficient water purification systems and nutrient sinks. The possibility of achieving better treatment performance in improved designs of macrophyte-based systems is discussed. Emergent macrophyte-based wastewater treatment systems can be constructed with different designs. The concept of treating wastewater in constructed wetlands with subsurface flow was developed in Germany in the 1970s. A design consisting of several beds laid out in parallel with percolation flow and intermittent loading will increase soil oxygenation several-fold compared to horizontal subsurface flow systems. The applicability of the different macrophyte-based wastewater treatment systems depends, among other things, on climatic conditions, effluent quality required, wastewater characteristics, availability and price of land, conservation regulations, etc. Water hyacinth-based systems can, for instance, only be used in warm climates, as the plant does not tolerate frost.

273 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that approximately three-quarters of the mass of TCC disposed of by consumers in the sewershed of the plant ultimately is released into the environment by application of municipal sludge (biosolids) on land used in part for agriculture.
Abstract: The topical antiseptic agent triclocarban (TCC) is a common additive in many antimicrobial household consumables, including soaps and other personal care products. Long-term usage of the mass-produced compound and a lack of understanding of its fate during sewage treatment motivated the present mass balance analysis conducted at a typical U.S. activated sludge wastewater treatment plant featuring a design capacity of 680 million liters per day. Using automated samplers and grab sampling, the mass of TCC contained in influent, effluent, and digested sludge was monitored by isotope dilution liquid chromatog raphy (tandem) mass spectrometry. The average mass of TCC (mean ± standard deviation) entering and exiting the plant in influent (6.1 ± 2.0 μg/L) and effluent (0.17 ± 0.03 μg/L) was 3737 ± 694 and 127 ± 6 g/d, respectively, indicating an aqueous-phase removal efficiency of 97 ± 1%. Tertiary treatment by chlorination and sand filtration provided no detectable benefit to the overall removal. Due to strong ...

271 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the utilization of effluent water discharged from a secondary municipal wastewater treatment plant for mass cultivation of microalgae for biofuel production can be realized only when bacteria and other microorganisms are greatly reduced or eliminated from the effluent prior to its use.

271 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an updated review on EDCs and their removal by photocatalysis (PC) and ultrasound oxidation (US) from aqueous spiked solutions and wastewater is presented.

270 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that mass flow of these two compounds remains consistent after treatment of activated sludge process operating at short sludge retention time (SRT), and seasonal variations of PFOS in concentrations of raw sewage were found in plant A, while PFOA did not have significant seasonal variation in both plants A and B.

270 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20232,088
20224,801
20211,219
20201,341
20191,528
20181,582