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Effluent

About: Effluent is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32668 publications have been published within this topic receiving 533991 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficiency of a simple two-stage anaerobic digestion process was investigated for stabilisation and biomethanation of solid potato waste and sugar beet leaves, both separately and in co-digestion.
Abstract: There is a large, unutilised energy potential in agricultural waste fractions. In this pilot-scale study, the efficiency of a simple two-stage anaerobic digestion process was investigated for stabilisation and biomethanation of solid potato waste and sugar beet leaves, both separately and in co-digestion. A good phase separation between hydrolysis/acidification and methanogenesis was achieved, as indicated by the high carbon dioxide production, high volatile fatty acid concentration and low pH in the acidogenic reactors. Digestion of the individual substrates gave gross energy yields of 2.1–3.4 kWh/kg VS in the form of methane. Co-digestion, however, gave up to 60% higher methane yield, indicating that co-digestion resulted in improved methane production due to the positive synergism established in the digestion liquor. The integrity of the methane filters (MFs) was maintained throughout the period of operation, producing biogas with 60–78% methane content. A stable effluent pH showed that the methanogenic reactors had good ability to withstand the variations in load and volatile fatty acid concentrations that occurred in the two-stage process. The results of this pilot-scale study show that the two-stage anaerobic digestion system is suitable for effective conversion of semi-solid agricultural residues as potato waste and sugar beet leaves.

212 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concentrations and removals of 16 fragrance materials (EMs) were measured in 17 U.S. and European wastewater treatment plants between 1997 and 2000 and were compared to predicted values, which were based on industry volume, per capita water use, octanol-water partition coefficient, and biodegradability.
Abstract: The concentrations and removals of 16 fragrance materials (FMs) were measured in 17 U.S. and European wastewater treatment plants between 1997 and 2000 and were compared to predicted values. The average FM profile and concentrations in U.S. and European influent were similar. The average FM profile in primary effluent was similar to the average influent profile; however, the concentration of FMs was reduced by 14.6−50.6% in primary effluent. The average FM profile in final effluent was significantly different from the primary effluent profile and was a function of the design of the wastewater treatment plant. In general, the removal of sorptive, nonbiodegradable FMs was correlated with the removal of total suspended solids in the plant, while the removal of nonsorptive, biodegradable FMs was correlated with 5-day Biological Oxidation Demand removal in the plant. The overall plant removal (primary + secondary treatment) of FMs ranged from 87.8 to 99.9% for activated sludge plants, 58.6−99.8% for carousel p...

211 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The streams from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) have been considered a valuable medium for mass cultivation of algal biomass and the results showed biomass yields ranging from 39 to 195mg dry-weightl(-1)days(-1).

210 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Of the three constructed wetlands, the VFRB was the most reliable performer under low and high strength influent conditions, indicating aerobic unsaturated wetland to be the most suitable form of the technology for pathogen removal.

209 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Solid phase extraction (SPE) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were utilized to develop a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for trace analysis of 21 antibiotics belonging to 7 classes in influent and effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant in Hong Kong.

209 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20232,088
20224,801
20211,219
20201,341
20191,528
20181,582