Showing papers on "Elastic modulus published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this paper, the static and dynamic elastic properties of shale gas reservoir rocks from Barnett, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, and Fort St. John shales through laboratory experiments were studied.
Abstract: Understanding the controls on the elastic properties of reservoir rocks is crucial for exploration and successful production from hydrocarbon reservoirs. We studied the static and dynamic elastic properties of shale gas reservoir rocks from Barnett, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, and Fort St. John shales through laboratory experiments. The elastic properties of these rocks vary significantly between reservoirs (and within a reservoir) due to the wide variety of material composition and microstructures exhibited by these organic-rich shales. The static (Young’s modulus) and dynamic (P- and S-wave moduli) elastic parameters generally decrease monotonically with the clay plus kerogen content. The variation of the elastic moduli can be explained in terms of the Voigt and Reuss limits predicted by end-member components. However, the elastic properties of the shales are strongly anisotropic and the degree of anisotropy was found to correlate with the amount of clay and organic content as well as the shale fab...
554 citations
TL;DR: SEM observations of the indentation induced cracks indicate that the polymer network causes greater crack deflection than the dense ceramic material, pointing out the correlation between ceramic network density, elastic modulus and hardness of PICNs.
400 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents ElaStic, a tool that is able to calculate the full second-order elastic stiffness tensor for any crystal structure from total-energy and/or stress calculations, and proposes a new approach to obtain the most reliable results.
341 citations
TL;DR: Significant differences between both RBCs were found for DC, E, σ, and Eflexural at all irradiation times and measuring depths, and the factor “RBC” showed the strongest influence on the measured properties.
Abstract: Objectives
The aim of our study was to measure and compare degree of conversion (DC) as well as micro- (indentation modulus, E; Vickers hardness, HV) and macromechanical properties (flexural strength, σ; flexural modulus, Eflexural) of two recently launched bulk fill resin-based composites (RBCs): Surefil® SDR™ flow (SF) and Venus® bulk fill (VB).
335 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the mechanical static compression behavior of 316L stainless steel micro-lattice materials manufactured using selective laser melting method and found that the stiffness and strength of these materials are quite close to experiments.
294 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the elastic moduli, ductile creep behavior, and brittle strength of shale-gas reservoir rocks from Barnett, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, and FortSt. John shale in a series of triaxial laboratory experiments.
Abstract: We studied the elastic moduli, ductile creep behavior, and brittle strength of shale-gas reservoir rocks from Barnett, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, and FortSt. John shale in a series of triaxial laboratory experiments. We found a strong correlation between the shale compositions, in particular, the volume of clay plus kerogen and intact rock strength, frictional strength, and viscoplastic creep. Viscoplastic creep strain was approximately linear with the applied differential stress. The reduction in sample volume during creep suggested that the creep was accommodated by slight pore compaction. In a manner similar to instantaneous strain, there was more viscoplastic creep in samples deformed perpendicular to the bedding than parallel to the bedding. The tendency to creep also correlated well with the static Young’s modulus. We explained this apparent correlation between creep behavior and elastic modulus by appealing to the stress partitioning that occurs between the soft components of the shales (clay and kerogen) and the stiff components (quartz, feldspar, pyrite, and carbonates). Through a simple 1D analysis, we found that a unique relation between the creep compliance and elastic modulus, independent of composition and orientation, can be established by considering the individual creep behavior of the soft and stiff components that arises from the stress partitioning within the rock. This appears to provide a mechanical explanation for why long-term ductile deformational properties can appear to correlate with short-term elastic properties in shale-gas reservoir rocks.
290 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a-MWCNT reinforced polyurethane (PU) composite films have been fabricated using a solvent casting technique with 0-10 wt% of carbon nanotubes and a nanoindentation study has been carried out on these films in order to investigate the mechanical properties.
Abstract: Acid modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (a-MWCNT) reinforced polyurethane (PU) composite films have been fabricated using a solvent casting technique with 0–10 wt% of a-MWCNTs. A nanoindentation study has been carried out on these films in order to investigate the mechanical properties. Incorporation of a-MWCNTs in a PU matrix led to a drastic increase in the hardness and elastic modulus. The maximum nanoindentation hardness of 217.5 MPa for 10 wt% a-MWCNT loading was observed as compared to 58.5 MPa for pure PU (an overall improvement of 271%). The nanoindentation elastic modulus for a 10 wt% a-MWCNT loaded sample was 1504.2 MPa as compared to 385.7 MPa for pure PU (an overall improvement of 290%). In addition to hardness and elastic modulus, other mechanical properties i.e. plastic index parameter, elastic recovery, ratio of residual displacement after load removal and displacement at the maximum load and plastic deformation energy have also been investigated. The enhancement in the mechanical properties was correlated with spectroscopic and microscopic investigations using Raman spectroscopy, SEM and TEM. Dispersion of a-MWCNTs in the PU matrix was studied using Raman mapping. Besides the improvement in mechanical properties, the electromagnetic interference shielding properties were also investigated in the 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band) frequency range. A value of ∼29 dB for the 10 wt% MWCNT loaded sample having a thickness of 1.5 mm was obtained. Therefore, these polyurethane composite films shall not only be useful for hard and scratchless coatings but also for protection from electromagnetic radiation in making electromagnetic shielding bags for packaging of electronic circuits and for scratchless tape for laminating circuit boards.
277 citations
TL;DR: The proposed mechanism of simultaneously high strength, modulus, and toughness challenges the prevailing 50 year old paradigm of high-performance polymer fiber development calling for high polymer crystallinity and may have broad implications in fiber science and technology.
Abstract: Strength of structural materials and fibers is usually increased at the expense of strain at failure and toughness. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated improvements in modulus and strength of electrospun polymer nanofibers with reduction of their diameter. Nanofiber toughness has not been analyzed; however, from the classical materials property trade-off, one can expect it to decrease. Here, on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of long (5–10 mm) individual polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, we show that nanofiber toughness also dramatically improves. Reduction of fiber diameter from 2.8 μm to ∼100 nm resulted in simultaneous increases in elastic modulus from 0.36 to 48 GPa, true strength from 15 to 1750 MPa, and toughness from 0.25 to 605 MPa with the largest increases recorded for the ultrafine nanofibers smaller than 250 nm. The observed size effects showed no sign of saturation. Structural investigations and comparisons with mechanical behavior of annealed nanofibers allowed us to attribute ul...
266 citations
TL;DR: Through nanoindentation it is possible to correlate molecular-level properties such as crystal packing, interaction characteristics, and the inherent anisotropy with micro/macroscopic events such as desolvation, domain coexistence, layer migration, polymorphism, and solid-state reactivity.
Abstract: Nanoindentation is a technique for measuring the elastic modulus and hardness of small amounts of materials. This method, which has been used extensively for characterizing metallic and inorganic solids, is now being applied to organic and metalorganic crystals, and has also become relevant to the subject of crystal engineering, which is concerned with the design of molecular solids with desired properties and functions. Through nanoindentation it is possible to correlate molecular-level properties such as crystal packing, interaction characteristics, and the inherent anisotropy with micro/macroscopic events such as desolvation, domain coexistence, layer migration, polymorphism, and solid-state reactivity. Recent developments and exciting opportunities in this area are highlighted in this Minireview.
256 citations
TL;DR: ZIF-8 films were deposited on silicon wafers and characterized to assess their potential as future insulators (low-κ dielectrics) in microelectronics Scanning electron microscopy and gas adsorption monitored by spectroscopic ellipsometry confirmed the good coalescence of the crystals, the absence of intergranular voids, and the hydrophobicity of the pores Mechanical properties were assessed by nanoindentation and tape tests, confirming sufficient rigidity for chip manufacturing processes and the good adhesion to the support as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: ZIF-8 films were deposited on silicon wafers and characterized to assess their potential as future insulators (low-κ dielectrics) in microelectronics Scanning electron microscopy and gas adsorption monitored by spectroscopic ellipsometry confirmed the good coalescence of the crystals, the absence of intergranular voids, and the hydrophobicity of the pores Mechanical properties were assessed by nanoindentation and tape tests, confirming sufficient rigidity for chip manufacturing processes (elastic modulus >3 GPa) and the good adhesion to the support The dielectric constant was measured by impedance analysis at different frequencies and temperatures, indicating that κ was only 233 (±005) at 100 kHz, a result of low polarizability and density in the films Intensity voltage curves showed that the leakage current was only 10–8 A cm2 at 1 MV cm–1, and the breakdown voltage was above 2 MV cm–1 In conclusion, metal-organic framework ZIF-8 films were experimentally found to be promising candidates as low-κ
222 citations
TL;DR: The observed interfacial effects of the adsorbed asphaltenes, correlated by the Langmuir EOS, are consistent with the asphaltee aggregation behavior in the bulk fluid expected from the Yen-Mullins model and supports the hypothesis that nanoaggregates do not adsorb on the interface.
Abstract: In an earlier study,(1) oil–water interfacial tension was measured by the pendant drop technique for a range of oil-phase asphaltene concentrations and viscosities. The interfacial tension was found to be related to the relative surface coverage during droplet expansion. The relationship was independent of aging time and bulk asphaltenes concentration, suggesting that cross-linking did not occur at the interface and that only asphaltene monomers were adsorbed. The present study extends this work to measurements of interfacial rheology with the same fluids. Dilatation moduli have been measured using the pulsating droplet technique at different frequencies, different concentrations (below and above CNAC), and different aging times. Care was taken to apply the technique in conditions where viscous and inertial effects are small. The elastic modulus increases with frequency and then plateaus to an asymptotic value. The asymptotic or instantaneous elasticity has been plotted against the interfacial tension, in...
TL;DR: In this paper, the alignment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in an epoxy matrix as a result of DC electric fields applied during composite curing is reported.
Abstract: This paper reports the alignment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in an epoxy matrix as a result of DC electric fields applied during composite curing. Optical microscopy and polarized Raman spectroscopy are used to confirm the CNT alignment. The alignment of CNTs gives rise to much improved electrical conductivity, elastic modulus and quasi-static fracture toughness compared to those with CNTs of random orientation. An extraordinarily low electrical percolation threshold of about 0.0031 vol% is achieved when measured along the alignment, which is more than one order of magnitude lower than 0.034 vol% with random orientation or that measured perpendicular to the aligned CNTs. The examination of the fracture surfaces identifies pertinent toughening mechanisms in aligned CNT composites, namely crack tip deflection and CNT pullout. The significance of this paper is that the technique employed here can tailor the physical, mechanical and fracture properties of bulk nanocomposites even at a very low CNT concentration.
TL;DR: In this article, a phase-changing metal alloy is used to tune the elastic rigidity of an elastomer composite, which is embedded with a sheet of lowmelting point Field's metal and an electric Joule heater composed of a serpentine channel of liquid-phase gallium-indium-tin (Galinstan R ) alloy.
Abstract: We use a phase-changing metal alloy to reversibly tune the elastic rigidity of an elastomer composite. The elastomer is embedded with a sheet of low-melting-point Field’s metal and an electric Joule heater composed of a serpentine channel of liquid-phase gallium‐indium‐tin (Galinstan R ) alloy. At room temperature, the embedded Field’s metal is solid and the composite remains elastically rigid. Joule heating causes the Field’s metal to melt and allows the surrounding elastomer to freely stretch and bend. Using a tensile testing machine, we measure that the effective elastic modulus of the composite reversibly changes by four orders of magnitude when powered on and off. This dramatic change in rigidity is accurately predicted with a model for an elastic composite. Reversible rigidity control is also accomplished by replacing the Field’s metal with shape memory polymer. In addition to demonstrating electrically tunable rigidity with an elastomer, we also introduce a new technique to rapidly produce soft-matter electronics and multifunctional materials in several minutes with laser-patterned adhesive film and masked deposition of liquid-phase metal alloy. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
TL;DR: In this article, a pulse-shaped split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was employed to determine the dynamic compressive mechanical responses and failure behavior of paste, mortar and concrete under valid dynamic testing conditions.
TL;DR: The fracture of polycrystalline graphene is explored by performing molecular dynamics simulations with realistic finite-grain-size models, emphasizing the role of grain boundary ends and junctions, with a surprising systematic decrease of tensile strength and failure strain, while the elastic modulus rises.
Abstract: The fracture of polycrystalline graphene is explored by performing molecular dynamics simulations with realistic finite-grain-size models, emphasizing the role of grain boundary ends and junctions. The simulations reveal a ∼50% or more strength reduction due to the presence of the network of boundaries between polygonal grains, with cracks preferentially starting at the junctions. With a larger grain size, a surprising systematic decrease of tensile strength and failure strain is observed, while the elastic modulus rises. The observed crack localization and strength behavior are well-explained by a dislocation-pileup model, reminiscent of the Hall–Petch effect but coming from different underlying physics.
TL;DR: Evaluating the mechanical properties of strong porous scaffolds of silicate 13-93 bioactive glass fabricated by robocasting provided critically needed data for designing bioactiveGlass scaffolds and the results are promising for the application of these strong pores in loaded bone repair.
TL;DR: In this article, a database was constructed including the secant shear modulus degradation curves of 454 tests from the literature, and a modified hyperbolic relationship was fitted.
Abstract: Deformations of sandy soils around geotechnical structures generally involve strains in the range small (0·01%) to medium (0·5%). In this strain range the soil exhibits non-linear stress–strain behaviour, which should be incorporated in any deformation analysis. In order to capture the possible variability in the non-linear behaviour of various sands, a database was constructed including the secant shear modulus degradation curves of 454 tests from the literature. By obtaining a unique S-shaped curve of shear modulus degradation, a modified hyperbolic relationship was fitted. The three curve-fitting parameters are: an elastic threshold strain γe, up to which the elastic shear modulus is effectively constant at G0; a reference strain γr, defined as the shear strain at which the secant modulus has reduced to 0·5G0; and a curvature parameter a, which controls the rate of modulus reduction. The two characteristic strains γe and γr were found to vary with sand type (i.e. uniformity coefficient), soil state (i....
TL;DR: In this article, a phase field method is adopted to generate the bicontinuous open-cell porous microstructure of the material and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the uniaxial tensile deformation in such porous materials is accompanied by an accumulation of stacking faults in ligaments along the loading direction and their junctions with neighboring ligaments.
Abstract: Nanoporous metals are a class of novel nanomaterials with potential applications in many fields such as sensing, catalysis, and fuel cells. The present paper is aimed to investigate atomic mechanisms associated with the uniaxial tensile deformation behavior of nanoporous gold. A phase field method is adopted to generate the bicontinuous open-cell porous microstructure of the material. Molecular dynamics simulations then reveal that the uniaxial tensile deformation in such porous materials is accompanied by an accumulation of stacking faults in ligaments along the loading direction and their junctions with neighboring ligaments, as well as the formation of Lomer–Cottrell locks at such junctions. The tensile strain leads to progressive necking and rupture of some ligaments, ultimately resulting in failure of the material. The simulation results also suggest scaling laws for the effective Young's modulus, yield stress, and ultimate strength as functions of the relative mass density and average ligament size in the material.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the rate and path of loading and unloading on the mechanical properties of the composed coal rock has been analyzed, and the overall elastic modulus, peak strength, and residual strength of the coal rock lie among that of roof, coal, and floor.
TL;DR: A new metallic glass created by vapour deposition at an appropriately high substrate temperature shows exceptional thermal stability, and enhanced glass transition temperature and elastic modulus, which demonstrates the formation of ultrastable glassy materials correlates to the important concept of fragility.
Abstract: A new metallic glass, which was created by vapour deposition at an appropriately high substrate temperature, shows exceptional thermal stability, and enhanced glass transition temperature and elastic modulus. Comparing this new material with other organic glasses prepared by similar routes and known as ultrastable glasses demonstrates the formation of ultrastable glassy materials correlates to the important concept of fragility.
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of crosslinked graphene/epoxy nanocomposites have been investigated using molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD), and the influence of graphene nanoplatelet concentrations, aspect ratios and dispersion on elastic constants and stress-strain responses are also investigated.
Abstract: The mechanical properties of crosslinked graphene/epoxy nanocomposites have been investigated using molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD). The influence of graphene nanoplatelet concentrations, aspect ratios and dispersion on elastic constants and stress–strain responses are studied. The cohesive and pullout forces at the interface of G–Ep nanocomposites are also investigated. The simulated MD models were further analyzed through radial distribution function, molecular energy and atom density. The results show significant improvement in Young’s modulus and shear modulus for the G–Ep system in comparison to neat epoxy resin. The graphene concentrations in the range of 1–3% and graphene with low aspect ratio are seen to improve Young’s modulus. The dispersed graphene system is seen to enhance in-plane elastic modulus than the agglomerated graphene system. The cohesive and pullout forces versus displacements data were plotted under normal and shear modes in order to characterize interfacial properties. The cohesive force is significantly improved by attaching chemical bonding at the graphene–epoxy interface. It appears that elastic constants determined by molecular modeling and nanoindentation test methods are comparatively higher than the micromechanics based predicted value and coupon test data. This is possibly due to scaling effect.
TL;DR: In this article, an analytic formula for the elastic bending modulus of single-layer MoS2 (SLMoS2) was derived, from an empirical interaction potential, which does not need to define or estimate a thickness value.
Abstract: We derive, from an empirical interaction potential, an analytic formula for the elastic bending modulus of single-layer MoS2 (SLMoS2). By using this approach, we do not need to define or estimate a thickness value for SLMoS2, which is important due to the substantial controversy in defining this value for two-dimensional or ultrathin nanostructures such as graphene and nanotubes. The obtained elastic bending modulus of 9.61 eV in SLMoS2 is significantly higher than the bending modulus of 1.4 eV in graphene, and is found to be within the range of values that are obtained using thin shell theory with experimentally obtained values for the elastic constants of SLMoS2. This increase in bending modulus as compared to monolayer graphene is attributed, through our analytic expression, to the finite thickness of SLMoS2. Specifically, while each monolayer of S atoms contributes 1.75 eV to the bending modulus, which is similar to the 1.4 eV bending modulus of monolayer graphene, the additional pairwise and angular interactions between out of plane Mo and S atoms contribute 5.84 eV to the bending modulus of SLMoS2.
TL;DR: It is shown that the elastic modulus (aka the Young's modulus) of cells is independent of the indentation depth up to 10-20% deformation for the eukaryotic cells studied here.
TL;DR: A simple criterion to assess the framework compliance is proposed, based on the lowest eigenvalue of its second-order elastic tensor, which can be obtained by ab initio calculations.
Abstract: We present here a framework for the analysis of the full tensors of second-order elastic constants of metal-organic frameworks, which can be obtained by ab initio calculations. We describe the various mechanical properties one can derive from such tensors: directional Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson ratio, and linear compressibility. We then apply this methodology to four different metal-organic frameworks displaying a wine-rack structure: MIL-53(Al), MIL-47, MIL-122(In), and MIL-140A. From these results, we shed some light into the link between mechanical properties, geometric shape, and compliance of the framework of these porous solids. We conclude by proposing a simple criterion to assess the framework compliance, based on the lowest eigenvalue of its second-order elastic tensor.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of inclusions geometry, volume fraction, and properties contrast on the effective thermal conductivity and elastic modulus of isotropic random two-phase composite materials with low fillers content was analyzed.
Abstract: In this study, finite element, Mori–Tanaka and strong contrast modeling are carried out for the prediction of the effective thermal conductivity and elastic modulus of isotropic random two-phase composite materials with low fillers content. Effects of inclusions geometry (shape), volume fraction (1% and 3%) and properties contrast on the effective thermal conductivity and elastic modulus are analyzed. Our results show that finite element method could capture more details in the prediction of effective properties of the composite materials. On the other hand, Mori–Tanaka method is shown to be a fast as well as a valid alternative for the finite element modeling within a limited range of fillers geometries. Our results reveal that the strong contrast method based on statistical two-point correlation functions could not accurately describe the inclusions geometry effects.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of fillers geometry (long cylinders to sphere and thin discs), volume fraction and properties contrast and particularly the effect of interphase thickness on the effective thermal conductivity and elastic modulus of nanocomposite structures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Young's modulus of Li2S-P2S5 glass solid electrolytes prepared by room temperature pressing and hot pressing was investigated, and the results showed that the modulus was lower than those of oxide-based solid electrolyte.
Abstract: Elastic modulus is an important factor of solid electrolytes for an all-solid-state battery as a next-generation battery. In this study, Young’s moduli of dense pellets of the Li2SP2S5 glass solid electrolytes prepared by room temperature pressing and hot pressing were investigated. The Young’s moduli of Li2SP2S5 hot-pressed pellets measured by ultrasonic sound velocity measurements were 1825GPa and those of cold-pressed pellets were about 1417GPa. The compression test was also done to determine Young’s modulus. The Young’s modulus of Li2SP2S5 glasses increased with increasing the Li2S content in both hot press and cold press pellets. The Young’s moduli were lower than those of oxide based solid electrolytes.
TL;DR: In this paper, two critical mechanical properties, stiffness and ductility, of a widely studied organic solar cell active layer, a blend film composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), are reported.
Abstract: The development of flexible and physically robust organic solar cells requires detailed knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the heterogeneous material stack. However, in these devices there has been limited research on the mechanical properties of the active organic layer. Here, two critical mechanical properties, stiffness and ductility, of a widely studied organic solar cell active layer, a blend film composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are reported. Processing conditions are varied to produce films with differing morphology and correlations are developed between the film morphology, mechanical properties and photovoltaic device performance. The morphology is characterized by fitting the absorption of the P3HT:PCBM films to a weakly interacting H-aggregate model. The elastic modulus is determined using a buckling metrology approach and the crack onset strain is determined by observing the film under tensile strain using optical microscopy. Both the elastic modulus and crack onset strain are found to vary significantly with processing conditions. Processing methods that result in improved device performance are shown to decrease both the compliance and ductility of the film.
TL;DR: In this article, three auxetic periodic microstructures based on 2D geometries are considered for being used as sandwich-core materials, and elastic moduli are computed for each microstructure by using finite elements combined with periodic homogenization technique.
Abstract: Materials presenting a negative Poisson’s ratio (auxetics) have drawn attention for the past two decades, especially in the field of lightweight composite structures and cellular media. Studies have shown that auxeticity may result in higher shear modulus, indentation toughness and acoustic damping. In this work, three auxetic periodic microstructures based on 2D geometries are considered for being used as sandwich-core materials. Elastic moduli are computed for each microstructure by using finite elements combined with periodic homogenization technique. Anisotropy of elastic properties is investigated in and out-of-plane. Comparison is made between auxetics and the classical honeycomb cell. A new 3D auxetic lattice is proposed for volumic applications. Cylindrical and spherical elastic indentation tests are simulated in order to conclude on the applicability of such materials to structures. Proof is made that under certain conditions, auxetics can be competitive with honeycomb cells in terms of indentation strength. Their relatively soft response in tension can be compensated, in some situations, by high shear moduli.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the compressive performance of 24 laminated bamboo specimens made from three different growth portions of the source bamboo, and the results showed that the mean compressive strength increases with growth portion height.
Abstract: This study investigated the compressive performance of 24 laminated bamboo specimens made from three different growth portions of the source bamboo. The cross-section of each specimen was 100 mm × 100 mm. The load–strain and load–displacement relationships are obtained from compression tests, and the detailed failure modes, compressive strength and elastic modulus for all specimens are reported. The results show that the mean compressive strength increases with growth portion height, but that the variation in compressive strength also increases with growth portion height. The net result is that the characteristic strength (typically used in the design process) decreases slightly with growth portion height, but not significantly. In contrast, laminated bamboo manufactured from the middle growth portion exhibits the highest elastic modulus, with the variation again increasing with height. Although the source growth portion has a clear effect on the behaviour of laminated bamboo under compression, the paper concludes that the effect is not significant from a design perspective. The results of all the tests are combined to produce a model stress–strain relationship suitable for predicting the performance of laminated bamboo under compression for design purposes. The stress–strain relationship shows that under compression laminated bamboo fails in a ductile manner. Based on the compressive properties obtained in this research, laminated bamboo is a suitable construction material for engineering structures.