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Showing papers on "Elasticity (economics) published in 1982"


Book
01 Nov 1982
TL;DR: In this article, the mathematical foundations of three-dimensional elasticity using modern differential geometry and functional analysis are discussed. But the authors do not discuss the application of functional analysis to the problem of elasticity.
Abstract: [Preface] This book treats parts of the mathematical foundations of three-dimensional elasticity using modern differential geometry and functional analysis. It is intended for mathematicians, engineers, and physicists who wish to see this classical subject in a modern setting and to see some examples of what newer mathematical tools have to contribute.

2,115 citations


Book
01 Sep 1982
TL;DR: In this article, the Statique Reference Record was created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08, and was used for Elasticite and Plasticite.
Abstract: Keywords: Elasticite ; Plasticite ; Statique Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08

2,023 citations


Book
01 Mar 1982
TL;DR: The theory of Elasticity and its application to point defect detection was first discussed in this paper, where the linear Elastic Field of Single Dislocations and non-linear effects of point defects were discussed.
Abstract: I Fundamentals of the Theory of Elasticity- II The Linear Elastic Field of Single Dislocations- III Non-Linear Effects in the Elastic Field of Single Dislocations- IV Continuous Distributions of Dislocations- V The Elastic Field of Point Defects- References

438 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: Tyree and Hammel (1972) have argued that it is meaningful to define bulk values of the water relations parameters to characterize the water Relations properties of tissues and organs.
Abstract: As already explained in the previous chapter, generally the water potential, Ψ, of a plant cell is expressed as the sum of three components, as follows (Dainty 1976): $$psi = P + \pi + \tau$$ (2.1) where P, π and τ are the pressure, osmotic and matric potentials, respectively. In a tissue or organ, Eq. (2.1) applies to each cell individually but if different cells have different solute concentrations, moduli of elasticity or volumes of apoplasmic water, then even at equilibrium the cellular values of P, π and τ may differ from cell to cell. Although measurements of π have frequently been made on individual cells using plasmolytic methods and measurements of P have recently been made on individual cells of higher plants using the pressure probe (Steudle et al. 1975; Husken et al. 1978, 1980), it is in general not practical to make a large number of such measurements in the tissues and organs of higher plants. In spite of this problem Tyree and Hammel (1972) have argued that it is meaningful to define bulk values of the water relations parameters to characterize the water relations properties of tissues and organs.

358 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Size effects in quasistatic bending of compact bone are observed and are consistent with micropolar theory, and two nonclassical elastic constants are evaluated.

260 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a discussion of the conditions necessary for penalty methods to provide a basis for stable and convergent finite element methods is given, and criteria on the order of reduced integration rules sufficient to produce stable and convergence schemes are described.
Abstract: Several different variational formulations of boundary-value problems with constraints are discussed, with particular reference to constrained problems in elasticity. Special attention is given to exterior penalty methods. A discussion of the conditions necessary for penalty methods to provide a basis for stable and convergent finite element methods is given. In particular, the use of reduced integration is discussed and criteria on the order of reduced integration rules sufficient to produce stable and convergent schemes are described. Applications of reduced integration-penalty methods to incompressible elasticity problems and contact problems are described.

202 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered noncentrosymmetry in a micropolar elastic solid and derived three new elastic constants in addition to the six considered in the fully isotropic micropolastic solid.

176 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, path-independent integrals, of relevance in the presence of cracks, in elastic and inelastic solids are considered, and the physical interpretations of each of the integrals either in terms of crack-tip energy release rates or simply energy-rate differences in two comparison cracked-bodies are explored.

170 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, marginal price elasticities are reestimated from the Johns Hopkins Residential Water Use Project data of 1963-1965, utilizing more appropriate forms of household water demand functions derived from recent advances in consumer theory that account for the effects of a rate structure.
Abstract: Marginal price elasticities are reestimated from the Johns Hopkins Residential Water Use Project data of 1963–1965, utilizing more appropriate forms of household water demand functions derived from recent advances in consumer theory that account for the effects of a rate structure. Winter season elasticity is found to be a very low −0.06 compared to −0.23 in a 1967 study. For summer demands, price elasticities are found to be lower than earlier estimates, namely, −0.568 versus −0.860 for eastern U.S. areas and −0.427 versus −0.519 for western areas.

137 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The initial conclusions derived from experiments on the dissected legs of a camel are modified in the light of estimates of the forces that act on the tendons, and of measurements of the elastic properties of one tendon.
Abstract: Several ofthe distal leg muscles ofcamels have very short or even rudimentary muscle fibres. This makes it possible to calculate the elastic extensions of tendons that occur in running, from the leg positions observed in films. A series of experiments have been performed for this purpose on the dissected legs of a camel. The initial conclusions derived from them are modified in the light of estimates of the forces that act on the tendons, and of measurements of the elastic properties of one tendon. Evidence for movement at the intertarsal and tarso-metatarsal joints. and the corresponding joints of the fore leg, is examined. The importance of the various tendons as elastic energy stores in running is assessed.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the surface viscoelasticity and elasticity of multiscale solutions of mixed surfactants were determined using the longitudinal wave technique combined with tracer particle measurements.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between the Rosse-Panzar test for competitive conduct and the firm's elasticity of demand has been demonstrated, and a method of increasing the test's discriminating power has been developed.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the tetrahedral stress element is introduced and two different types of finite piecewise linear approximation of the dual elasticity problem are investigated on a polyhedral domain Fot both types a priori error estimates $O(h^2)$ in $L_2$-norm and O(h^{1/2})$ in O(L_\infty$)-norm are established, provided the solution is smooth enough
Abstract: The tetrahedral stress element is introduced and two different types of a finite piecewise linear approximation of the dual elasticity problem are investigated on a polyhedral domain Fot both types a priori error estimates $O(h^2)$ in $L_2$-norm and $O(h^{1/2})$ in $L_\infty$-norm are established, provided the solution is smooth enough These estimates are based on the fact that for any polyhedron there exists a strongly regular family of decomprositions into tetrahedra, which is proved in the paper, too

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach to equilibrium problems in incompressible finite elasticity is discussed, which is based on the use of a convenient augmented Lagrangian functional, leading to a family of iterative methods which seem very effective for solving this type of elasticity problems once they have been approximated by appropriate finite element methods.
Abstract: We discuss in this paper a new approach to equilibrium problems in incompressible finite elasticity. This approach, which is based on the use of a convenient augmented Lagrangian functional, leads to a family of iterative methods which seem very effective for solving this type of elasticity problems once they have been approximated by appropriate finite element methods.The possibilities of the above methods are illustrated by the numerical solution of several problems in two-dimensional and axisymmetric geometries; comparisons with available analytical results are also presented.

BookDOI
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, a variational approach to finite elasticity is proposed, where two-dimensional approximations of three-dimensional models in non-universal finite elastic deformations are presented.
Abstract: General Lectures.- Existence of solutions in finite elasticity.- Elastic stability, buckling and post-buckling behavior.- Mechanics of fracture of rubber-like materials.- Finite deformation of elastic rods and shells.- Some thoughts on material stability.- Invited Papers.- Two-dimensional approximations of three-dimensional models in nonlinear plate theory.- On non-universal finite elastic deformations.- Non-linear boundary value problem in thermoelasticity.- Changes in symmetry in elastic crystals.- A variational approach to finite elasticity.- On uniqueness in finite elasticity.- On physical and material conservation laws.- Finite deformation of thick-walled inner tubes and tyres under inflation and rotation.- Finite strain J2 deformation theory.- Instability of finite amplitude elastic waves.- Localized shear near the tip of a crack in finite elastostatics.- Stress-strain-temperature curves in pseudoelastic bodies.- Penalty methods for constrained problems in nonlinear elasticity.- Deformation and vibration of rotating elastic cylinders.- Boundary integral equations for inextensible materials.- Stability of a thick neo-Hookean plate.- Finite extension of torsion of thin elastic strips.- Growth as a finite displacement field.- Stress concentration layers in finite deformation of fibre-reinforced elastic materials.- Incremental methods in finite elasticity, especially for rods.- Local theorems of existence and uniqueness in finite elastostatics.- Nonlinear waves in rods.- The strain-energy function for rubber-like materials.- List of Participants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general perturbation due to the introduction of an inhomogeneity into any initial elastic field is discussed within the framework of plane linear elasticity, and the method is applied to obtain the full perturbative solution for the problem of an elliptic inhomogeneous in an infinite plane.
Abstract: A general method giving the perturbation due to the introduction of an inhomogeneity into any initial elastic field is discussed within the framework of plane linear elasticity. Then, the method is applied to obtain the full perturbative solution for the problem of an elliptic inhomogeneity in an infinite plane. Exact formulas for the special cases of void, rigid, and circular inhomogeneity are also worked out and discussed. The obtained results can noticeably simplify the analytic work needed to determine the elastic field in composite or cracked plates.


Patent
15 Sep 1982
TL;DR: An orthodontic arch wire having anterior and posterior segments of different elasticity or stiffness to enable early and simultaneous treatment of teeth in the entire dental arch is described in this paper.
Abstract: An orthodontic arch wire having anterior and posterior segments of different elasticity or stiffness to enable early and simultaneous treatment of teeth in the entire dental arch. The wire is preferably made by uniting a central segment of relatively resilient wire with end or posterior segments of a different and more rigid wire. Different cross-sectional shapes may also be used in the several segments.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the elasticity of taxes paid with respect to permanent income is estimated for owner-occupied housing capital, assuming that the tax levied on owner occupied housing capital is largely borne by the current homeowner.
Abstract: If the tax levied on owner-occupied housing capital is largely borne by the current homeowner, estimates of the elasticity of taxes paid with respect to permanent income provide reliable evidence o...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Damage to the cauda equina left him without paraplegia, but with severe constipation and fecal incontinence, and there is a patch of skin which looks atrophic; he suffers what I have called traumatic cons t ipa t ion.
Abstract: Among the wonders of the human ana tomy and physiology, the anal sphincter mechanism must be one of the greatest. Someone has said that in o rde r to apwec ia te the miracle of function, one must imagine taking a hand fu l o f subs tance-so l id , liquid, and g a s a n d a t tempt differentially and with d i scernment to pass th rough the fingers one phase without the other. T o begin our discussion, we have Dr. Ghislain Devroede, who is Professor of Anatomy and Physiology and Professor of Surgery at the University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. skin. Figure 2 shows that on the u p p e r part of the right but tock o f this patient, there is a patch of skin which looks atrophic; he suffers f rom what I have called traumatic cons t ipa t ion: Damage to the cauda equina left him without paraplegia, but with severe constipation and fecal incontinence.



Book
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, a basic concept in elasticity: Vectors and tensors analysis of stress analysis of strain elastic stress-strain relations and failure criteria for soils answers to selected problems.
Abstract: Volume 1. Part 1 Basic concepts in elasticity: Vectors and tensors analysis of stress analysis of strain elastic stress-strain relations. Part 2 Concrete elasticity and failure criteria: Linear elasticity and failure criteria for concrete nonlinear elasticity and hypoelastic models for concrete. Part 3 Soil elasticity and failure criteria: Elastic-stress-strain relations and failure criteria for soils answers to selected problems. (Part contents).