Showing papers on "Elasticity (economics) published in 1985"
335 citations
01 Sep 1985
143 citations
01 Jan 1985
141 citations
Book•
01 Oct 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the mathematical methods of the theory of elasticity have been studied in the context of the field of mathematics, and mathematical methods for elasticity theory have been proposed.
Abstract: Mathematical methods of the theory of elasticity , Mathematical methods of the theory of elasticity , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
99 citations
TL;DR: The moduli of elasticity of the shrubs increased following leaf emergence in the spring, were highest during periods of low soil water potential, and tended to decrease following the summer-fall drought period, which resulted in greater turgor loss during tissue dehydration.
Abstract: An important physiological feature of chaparral shrubs is the development of low water potentials during periods of drought characteristic of southern Californian summers. Changes in tissue elasticity may be an important characteristic allowing these low water potentials to be reached and maintained without the development of detrimental water deficits. To examine this possibility, seasonal changes in tissue elasticity were measured in 3 species of chaparral shrubs, Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw., Quercus dumosa Nutt. and Ceanothus greggii Gray., by the pressure-volume method. Tissue elasticity was characterized using graphs of the modulus of elasticity plotted as a function of turgor pressure, and maximum values of the elastic modulus. The moduli of elasticity of the shrubs increased following leaf emergence in the spring, were highest during periods of low soil water potential, and tended to decrease following the summer-fall drought period. Increases in tissue elasticity facilitate water uptake from drying soils, but result in greater turgor loss during tissue dehydration.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of pin elasticity, friction, and clearance on the stresses near the hole in a pin-loaded orthotropic plate are modeled as a contact elasticity problem using complex variable theory, the pin and the plate being two elastic bodies interacting through contact.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalence between the effect of the interest rate and mortality probabilities on consumption is used to gain an estimate of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution between current and future consumption.
Abstract: The focus of the paper is to measure how consumption responds to changes in the interest rate. The equivalence between the effect of the interest rate, and the effect of mortality probabilities, on consumption is used to gain an estimate of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution between current and future consumption. Seemingly unrelated regressions in a cross-sectional model of consumption, earnings, and assets are used to provide efficient estimates of the intertemporal parameter. The regression results suggest that the elasticity is somewhat higher than previously thought.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a demand function for municipal water derived from the Stone-Geary utility function was used for the first time, thereby permitting explicit consideration of the minimum amount of water necessary for daily needs.
Abstract: This study utilized, for the first time, a demand function for municipal water derived from the Stone-Geary utility function, thereby permitting explicit consideration of the minimum amount of water necessary for daily needs. Using monthly data from Kuwait, this demand function gave greater price elasticity estimates but smaller income elasticity estimates than those of other countries. It was estimated that the “subsistence” water use level in Kuwait is about 42 L per capita per day and the results suggest that at least in that wealthy country, people do respond to changes in the prices of public services.
Patent•
20 Jun 1985
TL;DR: In this article, stretched elastic strands and a continuous sheet were fed concurrently toward a diaper assembly station on the way to which quick setting adhesive was applied periodically to zones in one and slower setting adhesive is applied alternately periodically zones in the other.
Abstract: Stretched elastic strands and a continuous sheet are fed concurrently toward a diaper assembly station on the way to which quick setting adhesive is applied periodically to zones in one and slower setting adhesive is applied alternately periodically zones in the other. Diapers assembled as a continuous web at the station are ultimately severed at which time the quick setting adhesive zones are set already and impart elasticity to the crotch region of the diapers. The zones on the strands that are tentatively adhered to the sheet with slow setting adhesive contract gradually into the diaper along the straight adhesive lines and then they set.
TL;DR: This dissertation aims to explore the role of language in the development of knowledge and the role that language plays in the acquisition of knowledge.
Abstract: 1. Introduction.- 2. Sophie Germain.- 3. Respectfully Yours, Gauss.- 4. Setting the Prize.- 5. The One Entry.- 6. The Molecular Mentality.- 7. An Award with Reservations.- 8. Publication.- 9. Emergence of a Theory.- 10. Final Years.- Notes.
TL;DR: This initial study presents the groundwork of polymer mechanics as would be applied to cell walls and discusses how the matrix and microfibrillar network induce nonlinear stress/strain relationships in the cell wall in response to turgor pressure.
Abstract: The traditional bulk elastic modulus approach to plant cell pressure-volume relations is inconsistent with its definition. The relationship between the bulk modulus and Young's modulus that forms the basis of their usual application to cell pressure-volume properties is demonstrated to be physically meaningless. The bulk modulus describes stress/strain relations of solid, homogeneous bodies undergoing small deformations, whereas the plant cell is best described as a thin-shelled, fluid-filled structure with a polymer base. Because cell walls possess a polymer structure, an alternative method of mechanical analysis is presented using polymer elasticity principles. This initial study presents the groundwork of polymer mechanics as would be applied to cell walls and discusses how the matrix and microfibrillar network induce nonlinear stress/strain relationships in the cell wall in response to turgor pressure. In subsequent studies, these concepts will be expanded to include anisotropic expansion as regulated by the microfibrillar network.
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of eigenfunction expansion form in the crack problems of plane elasticity and antiplane elasticity are discussed in details. And the coefficients in the EEF at the crack-tip, including the K1, K2 and k3 values, can be related to corresponding path-independent integrals.
Patent•
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TL;DR: A surgical suture made of a polymer filament having the "hard" elastic properties of reversible elasticity and retention of diameter on stretching is described in this paper, where the filament is made from polyamide.
Abstract: A surgical suture made of a polymer filament having the "hard" elastic properties of reversible elasticity and retention of diameter on stretching.
TL;DR: In this article, the retention time (rt) values depend strongly on the kind of surface active substance and on its concentrations, and the results showed that the effective elasticity forces are the major factors determining the stability of wet dynamic foams.
Patent•
04 Sep 1985TL;DR: In this paper, an elasticized nonwoven fiber material is made by combining one or more textile fibers with elasticizeable fibers and bonding the combined fibers together, and the resultant web of bonded non-woven fibers is then heat-treated to heat-shrink the elasticizable fiber and recover its elasticity.
Abstract: An elasticized non-woven fiber material is made by combining one or more textile fibers with one or more elasticizeable fibers and bonding the combined fibers together. The resultant web of bonded non-woven fibers is then heat-treated to heat-shrink the elasticizeable fiber and recover its elasticity thereby shrinking the fibers and the web of material. An elasticized non-woven fabric made by the described method is also provided.
TL;DR: A survey of molecular theories of rubber elasticity can be found in this paper, starting with the earliest attempts carried out in the 1930's and ending with work still very much in progress.
Abstract: Molecular theories of rubberlike elasticity are surveyed, starting with the earliest attempts carried out in the 1930's and ending with work still very much in progress. The models are variously based on phenomenological arguments, affiinely-deforming networks, phantom networks, constrained junctions, constrained chains, slip-links, molecular tubes, van der Waals concepts, or rotational isomeric chains. Most of the theories are analytical, but some involve computer simulations based on Monte Carlo methods
Patent•
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02 Jan 1985
TL;DR: When trifluoroethyl methacrylate, hexafluoroisopropyl methacylate, pentafluoro-n-propyl methACylate and/or pentaphluoro n-butyl methacelate which are fluorine-containing monomers, are added to a conventional monomer mixture for producing a soft contact lens, the resulting soft Contact lens has the same optical properties and elasticity as conventional soft contact lenses have, and is very superior to the conventional ones in resistance to deposit and in shape stability as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: When trifluoroethyl methacrylate, hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate, pentafluoro-n-propyl methacrylate and/or pentafluoro-n-butyl methacrylate which are fluorine-containing monomers, are added to a conventional monomer mixture for producing a soft contact lens, the resulting soft contact lens has the same optical properties and elasticity as conventional soft contact lenses have, and is very superior to the conventional ones in resistance to deposit and in shape stability.
TL;DR: In this article, a computational procedure is developed for solving the problem of a circular hydraulic fracture propagating under the action of frac-0fluid being pumped in at a central wellbore.
Abstract: A computational procedure is developed for solving the problem of a circular hydraulic fracture propagating under the action of frac-0fluid being pumped in at a central wellbore. The crack is modelled as continuous distributions of ring dislocations and the resulting elasticity singular integral equation is solved numerically. The fluid flow equations are approximated by local and global interpolation finite difference schemes. The coupling between elasticity and fluid flow is handled numerically, by, two different algorithms: one iterates on crack tip velocity whereas the other varies the time step size until it agrees with the chosen increment in crack length. Sample results are given; it is found that the velocity algorithm is computationally more, efficient and more stable. The model allows detailed tracing of pressure distribution and fluid flow in the fracture, even under complex conditions of cyclic injection and fluid rheology. It may serve as a stand-alone model of (horizontal) hydrafracs–especially at shallow depths–or it may be used as a reference frame to test the various numerical formulation/algorithms required for the ongoing development of a fully 3-D hydrafrac simulator.
TL;DR: One of the important determinants of the response of saving and consumption to the real interest rate is the elasticity of intertemporal substitution as discussed by the authors, which is measured by the rate of change of consumption to changes in the expected real interest rates.
Abstract: One of the important determinants of the response of saving and consumption to the real interest rate is the elasticity of intertemporal substitution That elasticity can be measured by the response of the rate of change of consumption to changes in the expected real interest rate A detailed study of data for the twentieth-century United States shows no strong evidence that the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is positive Earlier studies flnding substantially positive elasticities are shown to suffer from a bias related to the timing of instrumental variables
TL;DR: In this article, the boundary value problems in non-linear elasticity have been studied in the context of boundary value maximization, and it has been shown that a nonlinearly elastic slab can exhibit non-uniform uniaxial extension solutions.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: A detailed study of data for the twentieth-century United States showed no strong evidence that the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is positive as mentioned in this paper, which is a measure of the response of the rate of change of consumption to changes in the expected real interest rate.
Abstract: One of the important determinants of the response of saving and consumption to the real interest rate is the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. That elasticity can be measured by the response of the rate of change of consumption to changes in the expected real interest rate. A detailed study of data for the twentieth-century United States shows no strong evidence that the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is positive. Earlier studies flnding substantially positive elasticities are shown to suffer from a bias related to the timing of instrumental variables.
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of a layer of viscoelastic fluid heated from below is studied in the case that the instability is driven by surface-tension gradients at the upper surface.
Abstract: The stability of a layer of viscoelastic fluid heated from below is studied in the case that the instability is driven by surface-tension gradients at the upper surface. The operative parameter for instability is the Marangoni number and the critical value of this parameter is calculated as a function of Prandtl number, heat-transfer coefficient and elasticity parameters. It is shown that when the elasticity is very small instability sets in as steady convection, as for a Newtonian fluid, but at larger elasticities oscillatory convection is the first mode of instability to appear.
Journal Article•