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Elastography

About: Elastography is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4235 publications have been published within this topic receiving 119266 citations.


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TL;DR: The fundamental physics and the associated terminology underlying elasticity imaging technologies are described to ensure that the terminology and descriptions are broadly compatible across the WFUMB and EFSUMB sets of guidelines on elastography.
Abstract: Conventional diagnostic ultrasound images of the anatomy (as opposed to blood flow) reveal differences in the acoustic properties of soft tissues (mainly echogenicity but also, to some extent, attenuation), whereas ultrasound-based elasticity images are able to reveal the differences in the elastic properties of soft tissues (e.g., elasticity and viscosity). The benefit of elasticity imaging lies in the fact that many soft tissues can share similar ultrasonic echogenicities but may have different mechanical properties that can be used to clearly visualize normal anatomy and delineate pathologic lesions. Typically, all elasticity measurement and imaging methods introduce a mechanical excitation and monitor the resulting tissue response. Some of the most widely available commercial elasticity imaging methods are 'quasi-static' and use external tissue compression to generate images of the resulting tissue strain (or deformation). In addition, many manufacturers now provide shear wave imaging and measurement methods, which deliver stiffness images based upon the shear wave propagation speed. The goal of this review is to describe the fundamental physics and the associated terminology underlying these technologies. We have included a questions and answers section, an extensive appendix, and a glossary of terms in this manuscript. We have also endeavored to ensure that the terminology and descriptions, although not identical, are broadly compatible across the WFUMB and EFSUMB sets of guidelines on elastography (Bamber et al. 2013; Cosgrove et al. 2013).

685 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the present review, available imaging modalities (ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) are presented which are employed to detect or even quantify the fat content of the liver.

684 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hardware and theory of operation of an OCT elastography system that measures internal displacements as small as a few micrometers by using 2D cross-correlation speckle tracking is described.
Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been applied to the study of the microscopic deformation of biological tissue under compressive stress. We describe the hardware and theory of operation of an OCT elastography system that measures internal displacements as small as a few micrometers by using 2D cross-correlation speckle tracking. Results obtained from gelatin scattering models, pork meat, and intact skin suggest possible medical applications of the technique.

659 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Specialized techniques to measure tissue elasticity of breast normal tissues and tumour specimens and applied them to 169 fresh ex vivo breast tissue samples as well as a range of benign and malignant breast tumour types show that, under small deformation conditions, the elastic modulus of normal breast fat and fibroglandular tissues are similar while fibroadenomas were approximately twice the stiffness.
Abstract: Understanding and quantifying the mechanical properties of breast tissues has been a subject of interest for the past two decades. This has been motivated in part by interest in modelling soft tissue response for surgery planning and virtual-reality-based surgical training. Interpreting elastography images for diagnostic purposes also requires a sound understanding of normal and pathological tissue mechanical properties. Reliable data on tissue elastic properties are very limited and those which are available tend to be inconsistent, in part as a result of measurement methodology. We have developed specialized techniques to measure tissue elasticity of breast normal tissues and tumour specimens and applied them to 169 fresh ex vivo breast tissue samples including fat and fibroglandular tissue as well as a range of benign and malignant breast tumour types. Results show that, under small deformation conditions, the elastic modulus of normal breast fat and fibroglandular tissues are similar while fibroadenomas were approximately twice the stiffness. Fibrocystic disease and malignant tumours exhibited a 3-6-fold increased stiffness with high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma exhibiting up to a 13-fold increase in stiffness compared to fibrogalndular tissue. A statistical analysis showed that differences between the elastic modulus of the majority of those tissues were statistically significant. Implications for the specificity advantages of elastography are reviewed.

642 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Elastography is a promising imaging technique that can assist in the differential diagnosis of thyroid gland cancer, and the usefulness of these criteria was not considered to be high because of their low sensitivity.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the elastographic appearance of thyroid gland tumors and explore the potential sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonographic (US) elastography for differentiating benign and malignant tumors, with histopathologic analysis as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was institutional review board approved, and each patient gave written informed consent. Fifty-two thyroid gland lesions (22 malignant, 30 benign) in 31 consecutive patients (six men, 25 women; mean age, 49.7 years ± 14.7 [standard deviation]) were examined with real-time elastography in the elasticity imaging mode implemented on a clinical US scanner modified for research. In addition, the radiofrequency echo data stored during US were exported from the scanner and used for off-line strain image reconstruction. All elastograms were evaluated for the lesion visibility, relative brightness, and margin regularity and definition by using a four-point scale. In addition, normal thyroid gland tiss...

621 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
2023503
2022926
2021290
2020308
2019294