Showing papers on "Electric power published in 1970"

Composite Representation of a Multireservoir Hydroelectric Power System

Abstract: A composite model for multireservoir hydroelectric power systems is constructed for studying the monthly decision conceming total hydrogeneration. This is an important decision when the inflows are uncertain and when hydro, with zero marginal cost, can be used not only to satisfy firm load commitments but also to displace other firm resources or to serve secondary loads. In such a case, the tradeoff between savings at the present and expected benefits in the future is determined mainly by the total hydrogeneration. The construction of a composite representation for the multireservoir hydroelectric power system in the Pacific Northwest is described. The composite model is based on a single measure "potential energy" which is indicative of the system's generating capability. This results in a one-dam representation of the multireservoir system which, in effect, receives, stores, and releases potential energy, in a statistical model for the potential energy inflow and in a generation function which relates potential energy released to actual electric power generated. It has applications in the study of different operating policies, market structures, and investment programs through simulation or optimization. As an example, it is used to obtain the net operating revenues as a function of the excess thermal in the system.

Energy supply apparatus and method for a building

Abstract: For supplying the electrical and thermal energy utilization systems of a residential or other building, means are provided for deriving energy from fuel, and an electrical generator driven by a prime mover that is energized by such fuel and that has provision for exhaust heat recovery is employed and arranged in association with electrical power from a conventional external source so that under coordinated control, e.g., automatically at certain times or conditions, the electrical generator is operated to supplant power from the external source for at least a part of the electrical utilization system while heat recovered from the prime mover supplants heat separately derived from the fuel energy means, for part or all of the required thermal energy, as for space heating and hot water.

Electricl automobile transportation system

Abstract: An electrically powered automotive transit system including an automotive vehicle having electrical propulsion means and an electrical power system for supplying electrical energy to the vehicle while on the road. The power system embodies exposed electrified conductors on the road and electrical current collectors on the vehicle for contacting the road conductors to effect transmission of electrical energy from the conductors to the vehicle propulsions means. The electrical energy thus supplied to the vehicle may be utilized periodically to charge a battery in the vehicle which powers the vehicle propulsion motor during normal cruising operation continuously or to power the motor directly during cruising operation.

Influence of Air Density on Flashover Voltages of Air Gaps and Insulators

Abstract: Flashover tests were conducted with the cooperation of the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, the Tokyo Electric Power Company, Inc., and the Chubu Electric Power Company, Inc., at the top of Mount Ny?gasa, 1850 meters above sea level and the Takeyama Laboratory, nearly at sea level, to obtain comparative data to evaluate the influence of air density on the flashover voltages of air gaps and insulators.

Method and means for generating electricity and vaporizing a liquid in a thermal power station

Abstract: A thermal power plant operates with a varying production of electric power. Simultaneously, the heat generated in the plant is used for evaporating a liquid in a multi-stage vaporizing process. When the plant operates at low electric power the excess heat capacity of the plant is accumulated in a heat-accumulator. When the plant operates at high electric power, said accumulated heat is used for evaporating the liquid in the vaporizing process. In this way the vaporizing process can be operated continuously and steadily, independent of the variations in the production of electric power.

Automatic electric power supply and speed control system for automated driverless vehicles

Abstract: A system for supplying electric power to and automatically controlling the speed of driverless, electrically driven, wheeled vehicles on a guide way. The system includes a power distributing track divided into a plurality of power segments and a plurality of electrical power sources each cyclically operated at different frequencies coupled to different predetermined power segments of the track to create a series of travelling waves, each at a different frequency, in the segmented track. A vehicle including an AC induction driving motor coupled to one power segment of the track receives electrical energy at the particular frequency appearing at a particular moment at a particular power segment. The induction motor in the vehicle continues to receive that particular frequency and, hence, maintain a constant torque so long as the vehicle continues to travel along the track at the desired rate of speed. Should the speed of the vehicle exceed or drop below the desired rate of speed, the induction motor will receive a preceding or succeeding travelling wave of such frequency as to compensate for the increase or decrease in speed thereby causing the induction motor to maintain the desired vehicle speed along the track.

Electrical power source and heat augmentation system for use in automotive vehicles

Abstract: An auxiliary heat supply and electrical power source for a vehicle is comprised of first and second independently controlled alternators connected in tandem to a common shaft. The output of the first alternator is connected to a conventional electrical load and the output of the second alternator may be connected to a heat producing resistive load. The output of the second alternator can be controlled by circuitry including switches operating in cooperation with a conventional heating system and a fan speed control mechanism.

Wireless Power Transmission in a Space Environment

Abstract: Microwave power transmission for supplying electric power to space station complex for performing scientific experiments over long periods in earth orbits

Electric power takeoff system

Abstract: An electric power takeoff system for operative association with electric output devices such as alternators or generators driven by an engine such as providing motive power for vehicles of different types, stationary engines and other types of power plant apparatus. The electric power takeoff system operates to provide operating power for operating electrical appliances, battery charging and welding attachments, directly therefrom, the appliances and attachments operating on DC current in voltage ranges from 1 to 220 volts DC. The system includes a means of adjusting electric output by changing the rpm of the engine driving the alternator, so as to match voltage requirement on appliances being operated, or combination thereof, the functions being performed through the system and automatically operable upon actuation of an appliance switch when connected into the system and engine speed, and therefore electric power output, will be automatically established upon actuation of the appliance. The system includes an automatic, electromagnetic working solenoid functioning to increase engine speed and also change circuitry to provide a fail safe system to preclude endangering an alternator, regulator or electrical system associated with the engine. A fail safe circuitry is provided to accommodate operating the system for battery charging in voltage ranges of 1-220 volts DC and polarity protection is incorporated within the on-off switch circuitry in the event of improper hookup to a battery being charged. The system also incorporates a safe and simple hook-up feature for quick association with a vehicle system incorporating such an engine providing preassembled and connected wiring.

A load shifting model for air pollution control in the electric power industry.

Abstract: Load-shifting, a relatively inexpensive approach to air pollution control, involves transferring the generating load from one power plant to another according to meteorological conditions. In this paper, an atmospheric dispersion model is adapted to estimate the exposure of the urban population to sulfur dioxide from operating the power system in different ways. Then a mathematical model of the power system of a metropolitan area is constructed to determine the reduction in pollution exposure which could be achieved, and the costs involved. As a case study, the application of the model to St. Louis, Missouri, is simulated. Under favorable conditions, load shifting could reduce pollution exposure up to 95%, while increasing the costs of electric power generation by only 4%. The load-shifting model has use not only as an operational control strategy, but also as an analytical tool to evaluate alternative pollution control measures in the electric power industry.

System for computing electric power flow

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a simulated power system including a network of resistances, power sources, and loads corresponding respectively to line reactances, generators, and loads of an actual power system, and further including measuring devices for determining voltages and current flow between selected nodes (e.g. m and n) of the network, wherein the active power Pmn and the reactive power Qmn through the branch between the nodes can be calculated rapidly according to the formulas WHERE theta M AND theta N ARE THE PHASE ANGLES AT THE RESPECTIVE NODES AND ARE PROPORTIONAL TO THE VOLTAGES AT THE NODES, AND DELTA Vm and DELTA Vn are difference voltages between actual and standard voltages at the selected nodes. In the simulated system the power sources are provided by constant current supply devices or constant voltage devices, and the load units are provided by constant current withdrawal devices, wherein the power sources and loads are connected to predetermined nodes of the network.

Cyclic load drive

Abstract: An electric drive system wherein the driven member comprises an integral unit including a plurality of electric motors, suitable torque transmitting means and means for intermittently delivering electric power to the motors. The electric motors are rigidly mounted to the periphery of the driven member, the motors thus rotating with the driven member.

Monorail guided electric airplane

Abstract: A transportation system combining the use of both a monorail and an airborne vehicle powered by electric motors from an electric power source located along the monorail. Rigid universally movable struts interconnect the vehicle with the monorail with electric cables housed by the struts for supplying electric current from a power source to the motors. Landing-loading platforms are located along designated locations at which the vehicle may be landed for the pick-up and discharge of passengers.

Automatic power transfer switch

Abstract: A static switch is operated upon sensing a loss of a primary power supply for providing a rapid temporary connection of a secondary power supply to a load. Slower acting power contactors are also energized and their operation provides a permanent connection of the secondary power supply to the load and also provides means for disconnecting the path of secondary power through the static switch.

On-line computer applications in the electric power industry

Abstract: In two areas of major importance to the electric power industry-interconnected system operation and steam-electric energy conversion--on-line computer use has expanded during the past five years to applications of increasing complexity and importance. In systems operation, direct digital control is now in successful operation, and many aspects of system security are now monitored by centralized computers. In generating plants on-line computer use has progressed beyond simple data logging; it currently includes some closed-loop control applications, and will be applied to complete boiler control with assemblies now being installed. Simulation and analysis have played an important role in these advances in the application of on-line digital computers.

Electrical unit having a magnetic switch connecting a cordless electric power appliance to a charging appliance

Abstract: An electrical unit having a connecting means for a cordless electric power appliance whose terminals are brought into contact with the corresponding terminals of a charging appliance, having a magnetically operated electric switch whose switching mechanism has a magnetic arrangement on which a magnetic force closing the switch contacts is exerted by a further magnetic arrangement located in the electric appliance.

Voltage and current regulated power supply circuit for gaseous discharge lamp

Abstract: A voltage and current regulated circuit operative to supply sinusoidal high-frequency (28 kilohertz) electrical power which meets both the starting and running requirements of a gaseous discharge lamp without mechanical switching means or saturable reactors.

Pollution free electric power and water producing station utilizing the kinetic and potential energy of water wind waves

Abstract: An electric power station producing fresh water as a by-product by a dehumidification process, utilizing the kinetic and potential energy of water wind waves common to large bodies of water, comprising a wave energy converter including a reception channel and an automatically adjustable standing wave basin, which augments the inherent potential energy of the waves by converting extant kinetic energy therein into potential energy, a wave energy extraction system comprising a plurality of vertical chambers having open bottom ends located approximately coincident with the theoretical wave nodal line and having upper ends, check valved to admit ambient air as the water level therein descends, and to allow to be discharged therefrom as the water level therein rises, an intake manifold admitting ambient air to the chambers, an exhaust manifold for collecting exhausted air under pressure, a refrigerant coil system for extracting water from the exhausted air, and a power conversion system for utilizing the exhausted air under pressure as the prime mover to create electrical energy. The process occurs at or near ambient temperature, thereby minimizing entropy increase loss in the entire system.

Important Functions Performed by an Effective Equipment Grounding System

Abstract: The equipment grounding system concerns itself with the interconnection and grounding of nonelectrical conducting material which either encloses or is adjacent to energized electric power conductors. Its purpose is to assure that the building containing the electrical system, or the occupants of that building, are not subjected to a dangerous or objectionable environment condition incidental to the use of electrical power. The items of chief concem include: 1) freedom from electric-shock exposure to building occupants; 2) freedom from exposed sparking, arcing, flashing, or other fire ignition origin incident to operation of the electric power system; and 3) freedom from unnecessary electrical noise within the building space resulting from the presence of the electric power system.

Power conversion means

Abstract: The invention is for a system for frequency conversion of large magnitudes of electrical or mechanical power, or of electrical into mechanical power, or of mechanical into electrical power. Power levels of the order of many horsepower are connected to lower or higher frequencies by impact coupling of high-power sonic transducers.

Power Without Pollution

Abstract: A concept for a satellite solar power station is described to meet future large scale electrical power requirements without burdening the environment or leading to natural resource exhaustion. Considerations are given to solar energy conversion, microwave generation and transmission, and conversion of microwave energy to electrical power on earth. The system considerations and the development tasks for a large satellite solar power station are reviewed and the potential technilogical needs are identified.

An air pollution control cost study of the steam-electric power generating industry.

Abstract: (1970). An Air Pollution Control Cost Study Of The Steam-Electric Power Generating Industry. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association: Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 283-288.

A concept for generating commercial electrical power from sunlight

Abstract: Electrical power generation from sunlight without pollution, using solar cell elevated rug technology

Oriented flexible rolled-up solar array

Abstract: Space power systems in use at the present time require up to 407o of the in-orbit spacecraft weight allocation as well as a sizable launch volume allocation for high power systems. The Oriented Flexible Rolled-Up Solar Array program (FRUSA) was initiated to reduce both the weight and launch volume requirements of the power subsystem and to fulfill the need for reliable, cost effective large power systems. The FRUSA'program has increased the watts per pound figure of merit by a minimum of 2.5, reduced the launch volume to an acceptable level, and provided the technology to cost effectively expand the use of photovoltaic systems to the range 100 kw and beyond. Introduction Sunlight is the most cost-effective source of spacecraft electrical power during flight. However, as spacecraft increase in size, the amount of electrical power that can be supplied by surface-mounted solar cells does not increase at the same rate as the payload volume. To keep power and size in step, rolled-up arrays deployed in orbit have been developed. Hughes verified the feasibility of the flexible array concept with a 500-w model and design of a deployment and orientation system. FRUSA is a complete 1500-w power system that can be extended or retracted in orbit by command. Representing an average 30070 increase in w-lb ratio over current spacecraft power systems, FRUSA, designed for low Earth and synchronous orbits, is compatible with electrically propelled Presented as Paper 70-738 at the AIAA 3rd Communications Satellite Systems Conference, Los Angeles, Calif.,April 6-8, 1970. The author acknowledges the contribution to this paper made by A. Wittman, Senior Project Engineer, Structural Mechanics Department, and R.B. Clark, Manager of the Liquid Slip Ring Project, both of Hughes Aircraft Company. ^Associate Program Manager, FRUSA Program. (Now in development under contract F33615-68-C-1676 to Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB. 409 Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Automatic rapid melting system and its application for arc furnace

Abstract: An electric power supply program is set for controlling a steel making arc furnace. According to this program, a steel melting period is divided into a plurality of successive melting sections in each of which a predetermined total of electric power is to be supplied to the arc furnace at an optimum power level. The electric power which is actually consumed is integrated during each of said melting sections. Power level is switched from the optimum power level programed for one of said melting sections to that programed for the next section when the amount of electric power consumption actually integrated in said one melting section becomes equal to the predetermined total of electric power programed for said one melting section, thereby a melting electric power is supplied to the arc furnace at the optimum power level programed for said next melting section. A power factor program is also set. According to this power factor program, a melting electric power is to be supplied to the arc furnace with a predetermined power factor to provide an optimum length of arc for each of said melting sections. The power factor is maintained at the predetermined optimum value for each of said melting sections by controlling the current into the arc furnace by use of the deviation of the actual power factor from the power factor programed for the section. Moreover, the total electric power Y which is necessary in melting the charge of steel material is tentatively determined. First electric power Y1 which is consumed for each of a plurality of definite, ever increasing periods from the beginning of melting operation is determined and second electric power Y1 per unit time consumed just before the end of each of said definite periods is determined. The value X of remaining period of time which is expected to be taken before the termination of the melting operation is estimated from the following equation, X = (y - Y1)/ Y1, and the value of X is indicated at every estimation to inform the operator of the remaining period of time from the end of each of said definite periods to the termination of the melting operation.