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Electric resistance welding
About: Electric resistance welding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16761 publications have been published within this topic receiving 154851 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical simulation of friction stir welding is concerned to study the impact of tool moving speed in relation with heat distribution as well as residual stress, where material characteristic are introduced into the proposed model as temperature-dependent parameters.
Abstract: Residual stress is lower in friction stir welding (FSW) compared with other melting weldment processes. This is due to being solid-state process in its nature. There are several advantages in utilizing stir welding process. Lower fluctuation and shrinkage in weldment metal-enhanced mechanical characteristics, less defects, and ability to weld certain metals otherwise impractical by other welding processes are to name just a few of these advantages. These have caused an ever increasing attention by the concerned to the process of FSW. In this investigation, three-dimensional numerical simulation of friction stir welding was concerned to study the impact of tool moving speed in relation with heat distribution as well as residual stress. Simulation was composed of two stages. Firstly, thermal behavior of the piece while undergoing the welding process was studied. Heat is generated due to the friction between tool and the piece being welded. In the second stage, attained thermal behavior of the piece from previous stage is considered as inlet heat of an elasto-plastic, thermo-mechanical model for the prediction of residual stress. Also, in the second stage, tool is eliminated and residual stress distribution is found after complete cooling of the piece and disassembly of the clamp. Material characteristic are introduced into the proposed model as temperature-dependent parameters. Obtained residual indicate that heat distribution along thickness varies and is asymmetrical enormously. Moreover, longitudinal residual stress in the weld which increases as speed of process and tool movement ascends. In the prediction of results of residual stress, only heat impact was studied. This was recognized as the main element causing minor difference in results obtained for simulation in comparison with that of actual experiment.
160 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the joinability of aluminum alloy and mild steel sheets using a self-piercing rivet by a finite element simulation and experiment, and found that the lower sheet penetration, necking and separation are caused by the small total thickness, the small thickness of lower sheet and the large total thickness of higher sheet, respectively.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative evaluation of mechanical properties and microstructural features of shielded metal arc, gas metal arc and friction stir welded (FSW) naval grade HSLA steel joints was carried out.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this article, both the experiment and the finite element method (FEM) are utilized to investigate the welding residual stress distribution in medium thick-walled austenitic stainless steel pipe.
157 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the penetration depth reached 18 mm at the maximum at 5 mm s−1, and porosity was generated at any fibre laser spot diameter at any fiber laser beam diameter.
Abstract: The objectives of this research are to investigate penetration characteristics, to clarify welding phenomena and to develop high quality welding procedures in bead on plate welding of type 304 austenitic stainless steel plates with a 10 kW fibre laser beam. The penetration depth reached 18 mm at the maximum at 5 mm s−1. At 50 mm s−1 or lower welding speeds, however, porosity was generated at any fibre laser spot diameter. On the other hand, at 100 mm s−1 or higher welding speeds, underfilling and humping weld beads were formed under the conventionally and tightly focused conditions respectively. The generation of spatters was influenced mainly by a strong shear force of a laser induced plume and was greatly reduced by controlling direction of the plume blowing out of a keyhole inlet. The humping formation was dependent upon several dynamic or static factors, such as melt volume above the surface, strong melt flow to the rear molten pool on the top surface, solidification rate and narrow molten poo...
156 citations