Electrical impedance

About: Electrical impedance is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 36015 publications have been published within this topic receiving 371891 citations. The topic is also known as: electrical impedance & complex impedance.

Empirical model of the acoustic impedance of a circular orifice in grazing mean flow.

Abstract: Although there are many analytical and empirical models for orifice impedance, the predicted acoustical performance when adopting any one of them sometimes shows a large discrepancy with the measured result in some cases. In order to obtain a new practical and precise empirical impedance model under grazing flow conditions, the acoustic impedance of circular orifices has been measured with a variation of the involved parameters under very carefully tested and controlled measurement conditions. The parameters involved in determining the acoustic impedance of an orifice are comprised of the orifice diameter, orifice thickness, perforation ratio, mean flow velocity, and frequency. The range of involved parameters is chosen to cover the practical data span of perforates in typical exhaust systems of internal combustion engines. The empirical impedance model is obtained by using nonlinear regression analysis of the various results of the parametric tests. The proposed empirical model of orifice impedance, with a very high correlation coefficient, is applied to the prediction of the transmission loss of concentric resonators, which have geometric configurations typical of acoustically short and long through-flow resonators. By comparing the measured and predicted results, in which the predictions are made by employing many previous orifice impedance models as well as the present model, it is confirmed that the proposed orifice impedance model yields the most accurate prediction among all other existing impedance models.

Method and apparatus for testing of electrical interconnection networks

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing circuit boards using two or a small number of probes for making resistive and radio frequency impedance measurements e.g. capacitive measurements. The combination of resistive and impedance measurements substantially reduces the number of tests required to verify the integrity of a circuit board. The impedance or capacitive "norm" values used in testing the circuit boards can be obtained by operating the system in a learning mode. Analysis of the data provides not only fault detection but also can indicate approximate fault location.

Two and Three-Electrode Impedance Studies on 18650 Li-Ion Cells

Abstract: Two and three electrode impedance measurements were made on 18650 Li-ion cells at different QB temperatures ranging from 35 C to {minus}40 C. The ohmic resistance of the cell is nearly constant the temperature range studied although the total cell impedance increases by an order of magnitude in the same temperature range. In contrast to what is commonly believed, we show from our three-electrode impedance results that, the increase in cell impedance comes mostly from the cathode and not from the anode. Further, the anode and cathode contribute to both the impedance loops (in the NyQuist plot).

Body fluids monitor

Abstract: Method and apparatus are described for determining volumes of body fluids in a subject using bioelectrical response spectroscopy. The human body is represented using an electrical circuit. Intra-cellular water is represented by a resistor in series with a capacitor; extra-cellular water is represented by a resistor in series with two parallel inductors. The parallel inductors represent the resistance due to vascular fluids. An alternating, low amperage, multi-frequency signal is applied to determine a subject's impedance and resistance. From these data, statistical regression is used to determine a 1% impedance where the subject's impedance changes by no more than 1% over a 25 kHz interval. Circuit components of the human body circuit are determined based on the 1% impedance. Equations for calculating total body water, extra-cellular water, total blood volume, and plasma volume are developed based on the circuit components.