Electrical impedance

About: Electrical impedance is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 36015 publications have been published within this topic receiving 371891 citations. The topic is also known as: electrical impedance & complex impedance.

Electrochemical Behavior of Passive Iron in Acid Medium I . Impedance Approach

Abstract: Wide frequency range impedance measurements are applied to a kinetic investigation of passive iron in various acidic media. Special care was taken in the electrode preparation to reach stable current densities (7 ..mu..A X cm/sup -2/ in Fe/1M H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, 25/sup 0/C). Impedance data were obtained as a function of potential and temperature in the steady state. An original approach to the nonsteady-state behavior is introduced by combining transient response to the time dependence of the impedance. Contributions from transport in the film and interfacial impedance are separated. The classical view of high field conduction mechanism is refined with respect to the generality of the description and also to the film properties in various environments leading to the concept of chemically dependent high field ion migration. Low frequency behavior in the millihertz range supported this conclusion by ruling out the idea of diffusion-controlled passive current. The capacitance observed is attributed to the film-growth kinetics.

Radio-frequency impedance measurements using a tunnel-diode oscillator technique

Abstract: A resonant method based on a tunnel-diode oscillator for precision measurements of relative impedance changes in materials is described. The system consists of an effective self-resonant LC tank circuit driven by a forward-biased tunnel diode operating in its negative resistance region. Samples under investigation are placed in the core of an inductive coil and impedance changes are determined directly from the measured shift in resonance frequency. A customized low temperature insert is used to integrate this experiment with a commercial Model 6000 Physical Property Measurement System (Quantum Design). Test measurements on a manganese-based perovskite sample exhibiting colossal magnetoresistance indicate that this method is well suited to study the magnetoimpedance in these materials.

Tuning the Resonant Frequency and Damping of an Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Using Power Electronics

Abstract: In order to maximize power density, the resonant frequency of an energy harvester should be equal to the source excitation frequency and the electrical damping set equal to the parasitic damping. These parameters should be adjustable during device operation because the excitation characteristics can change. This brief presents, for the first time, a power electronic interface that is capable of continual adjustment of the damping and the resonant frequency of an energy harvester by controlling real and reactive power exchange between the electrical and mechanical domains while storing the harvested energy in a battery. The advantages of this technique over previously proposed methods are the precise control over the tuning parameters of the electrical system and integrated rectification within the tuning interface. Experimental results verify the operation, and the prototype system presented can change the resonant frequency of the electromechanical system by ±10% and increase the damping by 45%. As the input excitation frequency was swept away from the unmodified resonant frequency of the harvester, the use of the tuning mechanism was shown to increase real power generation by up to 25%. The prototype harvester is capable of generating 100 mW at an excitation frequency of 1.25 Hz.

Antenna impedance stabilization with stabilization load in second antenna circuitry

Abstract: There are first and second antennas proximally disposed and configured to resonate within respective first and second frequency bands, which may overlap. An impedance stabilization circuitry is coupled to ground. There is a selective coupler (for example, diplexer, directional coupler, switch) interfacing the second antenna selectively with the impedance stabilization circuitry and with radio circuitry. The selective coupler comprises a first port coupled to the second antenna, a second port coupled to the impedance stabilization circuitry, and a third port configured to couple with radio circuitry that is configured to operate in the second frequency band. The selective coupler provides a predetermined impedance to signals within the first frequency band and a low insertion loss to signals within the second frequency band, thus providing a stable impedance for the first antenna's view of the second antenna.

Antenna Q and Stored Energy Expressed in the Fields, Currents, and Input Impedance

Abstract: Although the stored energy of an antenna is instrumental in the evaluation of antenna Q and the associated physical bounds, it is difficult to strictly define stored energy. Classically, the stored energy is either determined from the input impedance of the antenna or the electromagnetic fields around the antenna. The new energy expressions proposed by Vandenbosch express the stored energy in the current densities in the antenna structure. These expressions are equal to the stored energy defined from the difference between the energy density and the far field energy for many but not all cases. Here, the different approaches to determine the stored energy are compared for dipole, loop, inverted L-antennas, and bow-tie antennas. We use Brune synthesized circuit models to determine the stored energy from the input impedance. We also compare the results with differentiation of the input impedance and the obtained bandwidth. The results indicate that the stored energy in the fields, currents, and circuit models agree well for small antennas. For higher frequencies, the stored energy expressed in the currents agrees with the stored energy determined from Brune synthesized circuit models whereas the stored energy approximated by differentiation of input impedance gives a lower value for some cases. The corresponding results for the bandwidth suggest that the inverse proportionality between the fractional bandwidth and Q-factor depends on the threshold level of the reflection coefficient.