Showing papers on "Electrical network published in 1978"
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TL;DR: In this article, a steady state equivalent of a power system for use in real-time operation is described, which is the result of applying Dimo's REI method for the reduction of the electrical network and also for the provision of a means for on-line calibration.
Abstract: This paper describes a new steady-state equivalent of a power system for use in real-time operation. The equivalent is the result of applying Dimo's REI method for the reduction of the electrical network and also for the provision of a means for on-line calibration. Although this new equivalent is intended for application in system operation, it would also be useful in planning studies.
71 citations
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10 Oct 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a high voltage electrical connector of the type employed to connect a high-voltage cable to the terminal of an electrical apparatus, such as a transformer, in a power distribution circuit is provided with a connector element which enables a ground connection to be made so as to ground the terminal without disconnecting the connector.
Abstract: A high voltage electrical connector of the type employed to connect a high voltage cable to the terminal of an electrical apparatus, such as a transformer, in a power distribution circuit is provided with a connector element which enables a ground connection to be made so as to ground the terminal without disconnecting the connector. A fault-closing device is provided in the electrical connector, in the event that the ground connection inadvertently is made when the circuit is energized. Access is provided through the connector element and the fault-closing device for a tool which can be inserted and operated from a remote location to selectively disconnect and connect the electrical connector and the terminal of the electrical apparatus, while the electrical connector and the cable attached thereto are grounded.
54 citations
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01 Jan 1978TL;DR: The vector-network method is a combination of vector dynamics and some concepts of graph theory which serves as the basis for a “self-formulating” computer program which can simulate the response of a dynamic system, given only the system description.
Abstract: This paper describes the “vector-network” method for creating mathematical models of dynamic mechanical systems. The vector-network method is a combination of vector dynamics and some concepts of graph theory; it serves as the basis for a “self-formulating” computer program which can simulate the response of a dynamic system, given only the system description. The vector-network method also permits us to observe a useful but little-known “principle of orthogonality” which is an extension of Tellegen’s theorem for electrical networks, discovered in 1952. Many basic dynamic concepts, such as the principle of virtual work and the instantaneous balance of power, are special cases of this principle.
30 citations
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17 May 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the rate of change of one of the current flow through or the voltage across the series circuit and for producing an output varying as said rate was detected, were discussed.
Abstract: Detection circuit for objects has a light source located to illuminate a plurality of light sensitive electrical elements. The light sensitive elements are of the type to alter their electrical characteristics when illuminated and are connected in series in an electrical circuit. Means are provided for detecting the rate of change of one of the current flow through or the voltage across the series circuit and for producing an output varying as said rate of change.
22 citations
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22 May 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a solid state sensor consisting of at least two electrodes associated with a solid substrate exhibiting ionic conduction is presented, which facilitates measuring of peak voltage signals generated by the sensor, the sensor being capable of generating peak electrical signals of more than a hundred millivolt.
Abstract: A solid state sensor consisting of at least two electrodes associated with a solid substrate exhibiting ionic conduction. The two electrodes are connected in an electrical circuit which facilitates measuring of peaking voltage signals generated by the sensor, the sensor being capable of generating peak electrical signals of more than a hundred millivolt while exposed to hot combustion gases resulting from air fuel mixtures changing between lean and rich fuel-air mixtures.
19 citations
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13 Nov 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, an appliance theft alarm for mounting on or inside an electrical appliance which, when the electrical plug connecting the appliance with a wall electrical outlet is removed, will sound an audible alarm in order that the theft may be detected.
Abstract: An appliance theft alarm for mounting on or inside an electrical appliance which, when the electrical plug connecting the appliance with a wall electrical outlet is removed, will sound an audible alarm in order that the theft may be detected. Specifically, electrical apparatus is interconnected so that the electrical power cord running between the electrical appliance and the electrical wall outlet is sensed for the presence of electrical voltage, where when the electrical voltage is present, a relay is energized to inhibit the alarm circuit. When electrical voltage is removed, the relay becomes unenergized and in doing so, completes an electrical circuit for a self-contained battery to power an electrical horn or siren alarm. The battery is provided with a battery charger which is supplied ac current from the electrical line input. Additionally, a key controlled contact is provided to inhibit the alarm circuitry when desired or to interrupt the alarm when sounding. Relay lock-up means are also provided to prevent the alarm from being turned off, once sounded, by merely replugging the appliance's electrical plug into the wall.
19 citations
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07 Nov 1978
TL;DR: A self-contained hand-held portable pocket probe for troubleshooting direct current electrical systems is described in this paper, which includes an electrically conductive probe, a ground terminal, and first and second electrical circuits connected in parallel between the probe and ground terminal.
Abstract: A self-contained hand-held portable pocket probe for trouble shooting direct current electrical systems. The probe includes an electrically conductive probe, a ground terminal, and first and second electrical circuits connected in parallel between the probe and ground terminal. The first electrical circuit includes an illumination device, a rectifying device, and a device for limiting current flow through the illumination device. The first electrical circuit normally enables positive current flow only in the direction from the probe to the ground terminal. The second electrical circuit normally allows current flow in a direction from the ground terminal to the probe and includes an illumination device, a rectifying device and a battery. The probe is designed for use with direct current systems having maximum test voltages in the range of 6-24 volts and for measurement of low impedance grounds.
15 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a procedure for determining the output of a given stunner within a poultry processing plant is described, including an accurate description of the waveform output and a direct measure of the peak, average, and effective voltage used to stun poultry.
13 citations
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17 Apr 1978TL;DR: An electrical connector for making or breaking an electrical connection with, for example, another relatively movable electrical connector, includes an electrically conductive contact supported by a resilient deformable support so that a force applied to the electrical contact causes deflection of the support as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An electrical connector for making or breaking an electrical connection with, for example, another such relatively movable electrical connector, includes an electrically conductive contact supported by a resilient deformable support so that a force applied to the electrical contact causes deflection of the support and applies a biasing force to the conductive contact to resist movement in response to the applied force. Thus, the two contacts are pressed against each other to complete the electrical connection and the electrical connector provides a complete electrical circuit without the need for interlocking.
9 citations
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02 Mar 1978TL;DR: In this article, a high frequency injection network was proposed to measure the transfer immitances, impedance and admittance of a linear electrical network having one or more ports, which utilizes clamp-on ferromagnetic cores to electromagnetically couple a transfer immitance measuring system to the electrical network.
Abstract: A system for measuring the transfer immitances, impedance and admittance, a linear electrical network having one or more ports. The system utilizes clamp-on ferromagnetic cores to electromagnetically couple the transfer immitance measuring system to the electrical network without having to interrupt the normal on-line operation of the electrical network. A high frequency injection network, which includes a high frequency signal generator and a multichannel amplifier, injects a high frequency signal into each of the ports of the electrical network. High frequency voltage and current measuring networks are electromagnetically coupled to each of the ports of the electrical network to measure the high frequency component of the port voltage and the port current. By adjusting the relative amplitude and phase of each of the injected high frequency signals, open- and closed-circuit conditions, in the high frequency range, can be simulated in the ports of the electrical network, permitting the transfer immitances of the electrical network to be established without interrupting normal, on-line operation.
9 citations
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03 Nov 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermally actuated switch is used to break the electrical circuit through cooperating electrical leads of an electrical system, once a predetermined temperature level is reached by the switch to prevent the possibility of fire and electrical shock in the event of fireexposed leads.
Abstract: A vacuum hose assembly, method of making same, and vacuum cleaner employing same are provided wherein the hose assembly comprises a thermally actuated switch which breaks the electrical circuit through cooperating electrical leads of an electrical system thereof once a predetermined temperature level is reached by the switch to prevent the possibility of fire and electrical shock in the event of fire-exposed leads.
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16 Feb 1978
TL;DR: In this article, an electrical circuit for current regulation in DC motors including a sensitivity control means therefor is presented, which includes a means for sensing a predetermined current level in the load of a DC motor.
Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical circuit for current regulation in DC motors including a sensitivity control means therefor. The circuit includes a means for sensing a predetermined current level in the load of a DC motor. In combination therewith is a subcircuit for cutting-off the load current when the predetermined current level has been reached. Additionally, there is provided means for restoring the load current when, after load current cutoff, the inductive motor current has fallen to a level sufficient to restart the subcircuit.
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06 Mar 1978
TL;DR: A multiple speed detection and control device for vehicles includes a speed detector associated with the vehicle speedometer arranged to sequentially detect multiple, predetermined, speed values, and an electric junction box connected in the major electrical lines of vehicle and connected with the speed detector, with the junction box having special fuses for the various electrical circuits.
Abstract: A multiple speed detection and control device for vehicles includes a speed detector associated with the vehicle speedometer arranged to sequentially detect multiple, predetermined, speed values, and an electric junction box connected in the major electrical lines of vehicle and connected with the speed detector, with the junction box having special fuses for the various electrical circuits, whereby the speed detector disrupts the fuses at the predetermined speeds to disrupt one or more of the electrical circuits to cause a particular failure of the electrical functions of the vehicle circuits, indicating speed above a predetermined speed, to an ultimate vehicle shut down above a maximum speed.
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06 Sep 1978
TL;DR: A wave shaping electrical circuit for a hysteresis comparator having enhanced low frequency noise immunity is described in this article, where the circuit includes components to provide a time constant in the passive element differentiating network such that the corner frequency is greater than the frequency of a low frequency signal which may be included as a component of the input signal.
Abstract: A wave shaping electrical circuit for a hysteresis comparator having enhanced low frequency noise immunity. A passive element differentiating network is between the signal source and the input circuit of the comparator. The circuit includes components to provide a time constant in the passive element differentiating network such that the corner frequency is greater than the frequency of a low frequency noise signal which may be included as a component of the input signal.
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06 Dec 1978TL;DR: In this article, an electrical circuit breaking device adapted for connection in circuit with an electrical conductor for interrupting the current passing through the latter is described, which includes an arrangement of larger and smaller electrode contacting surfaces which are separated from one another in a way which improves the continuous current carrying capability of the device while maintaining satisfactory interruption capability.
Abstract: An electrical circuit breaking device adapted for connection in circuit with an electrical conductor for interrupting the current passing through the latter is disclosed herein. This device includes an arrangement of larger and smaller electrode contacting surfaces which are separated from one another in a way which improves the continuous current carrying capability of the device while maintaining satisfactory interruption capability.
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TL;DR: In this article, a new design-centring procedure is proposed to maximize the manufacturing yield of electrical circuits. But it is not applicable to the design of discrete circuits where fixed tolerances are often considered.
Abstract: The problem of maximising the manufacturing yield of electrical circuits is addressed. Within the constraint that the absolute component tolerances and the forms of their statistical distributions are fixed, a new design-centring procedure is developed and illustrated by example. It is directly applicable to the design of discrete circuits where fixed tolerances are often considered. The assumption of fixed tolerances also suggests its relevance (as yet untested) to the design of integrated circuits.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalent electrical circuits for acoustic field problems are presented based on the finite-element approach, which results from the process of representing a general three-dimensional system approximately by the corresponding nondimensional discrete network.
Abstract: An equivalent electrical circuit results from the process of representing a general three‐dimensional system approximately by the corresponding nondimensional discrete network. The equivalent electrical circuits for acoustic field problems are presented based on the finite‐element approach. Basic equivalent circuits are first developed for a triangular or tetrahedral acoustic element in which the pressure is assumed to change linearly within the element. The circuit of an arbitrary sound field can be obtained simply by connecting these basic elements. The lossy field and the boundary wall with an acoustic impedance are then considered.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the volumetric current distribution of battery electrodes is modeled as electrical networks, and the current distribution in such non-linear and time-dependent systems can be evaluated either by numerical computor calculations, or by the application of corresponding electrical analogues.
Abstract: Porous battery electrodes can, with respect to their volumetric current distribution, be regarded as electrical networks. Linear, time-independent networks again can be treated by analytical methods. In some practical cases, however, deviations have to be considered: non-linear overvoltage functions, changing conductivities. Current distribution in such non-linear and time-dependent systems can be evaluated either by numerical computor calculations, or by the application of corresponding electrical analogues. The latter way is fairly simple and will be treated here.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the strongest shock-generating capability for an arc-driver system with the least total energy consumption is discussed, and several programs using the shock tube for developmental research in energy and industrial applications are outlined.
Abstract: High shock-tube velocities simulating Jovian entry have been achieved with arc-driver operation using a method of tailoring electrical circuit impedance to arc-plasma impedance. The concept of impedance matching also prescribes a requirement for minimum electrical capacitance. The technique of developing the strongest shock-generating capability for an arc-driver system with the least total energy is discussed. Several programs using the shock tube for developmental research in energy and industrial applications are outlined.
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29 Sep 1978
TL;DR: The Universal Electrical Construction Set as discussed by the authors consists of a coded series of plastic springbearing disks called "connectors", used for temporary attachment and support of electrical circuit components, plus a set of hook-up wires with coded lengths, used for linking the connectors together in appropriate ways to complete the electrical circuit construction; two additional types of devices, adaptors and indicators, make the set complete.
Abstract: The Universal Electrical Construction Set consists of a coded series of plastic spring-bearing disks called "connectors", used for temporary attachment and support of electrical circuit components, plus a set of hook-up wires with coded lengths, used for linking the connectors together in appropriate ways to complete the electrical circuit construction; two additional types of devices, adaptors and indicators, make the set complete. These devices can be temporarily attached, when and where desired, to the springs of the connectors. The "adaptors" allow the utilization of circuit components having short leads. The "indicators" provide a convenient, optional coding system to indicate numbers or relative electrical potentials. The color, diameter, and geometry of construction of each disk are related to the number of springs supported by it. The same color-coding system, namely the resistor color code, is used for connectors, hook-up wires, and indicators.
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TL;DR: In electrical circuit and system analysis, it is common practice to represent sinusoidally-varying functions in either circular function or exponential form.
Abstract: In electrical circuit and system analysis, it is common practice to represent sinusoidally-varying functions in either circular function or exponential form. This article examines certain aspects of the theoretical background of this topic and illustrates important issues by means of examples.
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01 Aug 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a study performed to evaluate the indirect effects of lightning strikes -specifically induced voltages - on the electrical systems of aircraft are presented as a first analytical step, as well as additional numerical methods, for computing the voltages induced in wiring systems by the fields evaluated in the first step.
Abstract: : This report documents the results of a study performed to evaluate the indirect effects of lightning strikes - specifically, induced voltages - on the electrical systems of aircraft. Numerical methods for evaluating the fields produced by lightning currents flowing the skin of the aircraft are presented as a first analytical step. Additional numerical methods, for computing the voltages induced in wiring systems by the fields evaluated in the first step, are also presented, as are recommendations on the direction of further study. (Author)
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09 Nov 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a control circuit is designed to test the contact states of relay contacts connected to an electrical load, and a converter element is associated with each contact so as to obtain by force an appropriate electrical load for the contact in question.
Abstract: The control circuit is designed to test the contact states of relay contacts connected to an electrical load. A converter element is associated with each contact so as to obtain by force an appropriate electrical load for the contact in question. The converter element is an intermittent operating current supply device. This device which is in series with the contact taps a large part of the current flowing through the contacts and directs it to an exterior circuit. The current supply device is a regulator which increases the output voltage. The power passing through the contact is fed by the current device to the current supply source and or to a separate circuit.
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TL;DR: A general computer-aided design method for use with electromagnetic devices such as ringers, relays, and solenoids is described and demonstrated by applying it to the design of polarized bell ringers to achieve major design improvements.
Abstract: A general computer-aided design method for use with electromagnetic devices such as ringers, relays, and solenoids is described. The method is demonstrated by applying it to the design of polarized bell ringers. A lumped-element model with electrical, magnetic, and mechanical portions is used in the analysis. First, interaction equations are derived using a Lagrangian formulation applied to a simple model. Second, the model is refined by subdividing the iron members and including more leakage paths. An electrical circuit analysis program assembles the equations for the electromagnetic portion of this more complete model and produces a subroutine that solves these equations. A computer program has been written to predict the effects of changing motor parameters. The versatility and usefulness of the design technique has been demonstrated by applying it to the Bell System TRIMLINE® telephone set ringer to achieve major design improvements.
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TL;DR: The theory of circuit theory is essentially essentially of static states as discussed by the authors, and Voltages across all circuit components, including inductors, transformers, generators and others, are differences in potential, traceable to Coulomb forces and obeying Poisson's equation.
Abstract: Two assumptions underlie circuit theory: infinite speed of propagation of force and existence at all times of equilibrium in matter. The theory is therefore essentially of static states. Voltages across all circuit components, including inductors, transformers, generators and others, are differences in potential, traceable to Coulomb forces and obeying Poisson's equation.