Showing papers on "Electricity meter published in 2012"

Minimizing private data disclosures in the smart grid

Abstract: Smart electric meters pose a substantial threat to the privacy of individuals in their own homes. Combined with non-intrusive load monitors, smart meter data can reveal precise home appliance usage information. An emerging solution to behavior leakage in smart meter measurement data is the use of battery-based load hiding. In this approach, a battery is used to store and supply power to home devices at strategic times to hide appliance loads from smart meters. A few such battery control algorithms have already been studied in the literature, but none have been evaluated from an adversarial point of view. In this paper, we first consider two well known battery privacy algorithms, Best Effort (BE) and Non-Intrusive Load Leveling (NILL), and demonstrate attacks that recover precise load change information, which can be used to recover appliance behavior information, under both algorithms. We then introduce a stepping approach to battery privacy algorithms that fundamentally differs from previous approaches by maximizing the error between the load demanded by a home and the external load seen by a smart meter. By design, precise load change recovery attacks are impossible. We also propose mutual-information based measurements to evaluate the privacy of different algorithms. We implement and evaluate four novel algorithms using the stepping approach, and show that under the mutual-information metrics they outperform BE and NILL.

Systems and methods for reducing energy usage

Abstract: A system for detecting individual appliance energy loads from a building composite load profile includes an electric meter to capture building composite load profile; a detector coupled to the meter to detect transitions in the load profile to determine an appliance state machine for each appliance; a clusterizer to detect clusters of patterns in the load profile; and an analyzer coupled to the detector to receive the transitions and appliance state machines from the detector, the analyzer matching each transition to a predetermined appliance state machine to disaggregate the building composite load profile into individual appliance energy loads.

@scale: insights from a large, long-lived appliance energy WSN

Abstract: We present insights obtained from conducting a year-long, 455 meter deployment of wireless plug-load electric meters in a large commercial building. We develop a stratified sampling methodology for surveying the energy use of Miscellaneous Electric Loads (MELs) in commercial buildings, and apply it to our study building. Over the deployment period, we collected over nine hundred million individual readings. Among our findings, we document the need for a dynamic, scalable IPv6 routing protocol which supports point-to-point routing and multiple points of egress. Although the meters are static physically, we find that the set of links they use is dynamic; not using such a dynamic set results in paths that are twice as long. Finally, we conduct a detailed survey of the accuracy possible with inexpensive AC metering hardware. Based on a 21-point automated calibration of a population of 500 devices, we find that it is possible to produce nearly utility-grade metering data.

Energino: A hardware and software solution for energy consumption monitoring

Abstract: Accurate measurement of energy consumption of practical wireless deployments is vital to the research community to develop pragmatic simulators and analytical models for the synthesis of new energy-aware and energy-efficient protocols and algorithms for wireless networks. However, there is considerable dearth in the availability of affordable and scalable energy consumption monitoring tools for the research community. In this paper, we introduce Energino, a scalable and affordable solution for energy consumption monitoring in wireless networks. The Energino power meter is a standalone plug-load meter based on the Arduino platform providing high resolution and sampling rate capabilities. We evaluate the capabilities and distinctive features of the Energino power meter in a real WLAN network. Results show that our solution is capable of isolating high resolution/frequency dynamics that can not be analyzed using commercially available tools. We also release both the hardware schematics and the software with a permissive license in order to encourage the research community to use and extend it.

An Online Power Metering Model for Cloud Environment

Abstract: Energy consumption has become major operational cost in data centers. Virtualization technology used in cloud computing platforms can improve energy efficiency and reduce costs. There are many ongoing research projects focusing on power management for virtualized cloud by making power-aware resource allocation and scheduling policies. However, there is a lack of VM power profiling method in such research, because the power consumption of an individual virtual machine (VM) cannot be measured directly by hardware power meter. In this paper, a novel power metering model is proposed for VMs in the cloud environment, based on online monitoring of system resource metrics, to estimate the power consumption of a physical server as well as one or more VMs running on it. By analyzing problems found in experiments, the model is improved to be the classified-piecewise ternary linear regression model which can achieve higher accuracy. In addition, the model is proved to be effective by running a variety of sample programs. The implementation of our model shows that it can achieve average estimation accuracy of more than 96% with low runtime overhead.

Smart electricity meter with function of monitoring and protecting power failure

Abstract: A smart electricity meter with a function of monitoring and protecting power failure comprises a metering chip, a leakage current sampling circuit, a phase current sampling circuit, a phase voltage sampling circuit, a CPU (central processing unit), a power module and a low voltage breaker. The leakage current sampling circuit is electrically connected with the metering chip which is mutually electrically connected with the CPU. The CPU is electrically connected with the low voltage breaker through a trip output port. The low voltage breaker is electrically connected with the CPU through a status acquisition interface. The invention further provides a power failure monitoring and controlling method of the smart electricity meter. The smart electricity meter has the advantages that the reliable power module for power failure protection and control is provided, various types of power failure warning and protection are provided, failure warning and failure protection for voltage, current, power and the like are achieved for power users, failure spots are prevented and isolated, economic loss and personal safety accidents due to failure of electric circuit equipment of the users are prevented and reduced, and reliability of low voltage grids is effectively improved.

Power meter having multiple ethernet ports

Abstract: A power meter or other electrical device is provided having two independent and communicatively isolated Ethernet ports. The first Ethernet port is addressable by a first unique identifier and is configured for enabling full access to the power meter via an internal LAN. This enables a LAN operator to remotely access the power meter via the internal LAN for performing metering functions, such as full telemetry, control and programming. The second Ethernet port is addressable by a second unique identifier and is configured for being connected to the Internet. Since the second Ethernet port is communicatively isolated from the first Ethernet port, a user can access the power meter via the Internet, but cannot access the internal LAN by connecting to the power meter via the Internet.

Wind and light complement distributed micro-grid system for comprehensively utilizing commercial power

Abstract: The invention provides a wind and light complementing distributed micro-grid system for comprehensively utilizing commercial power. The system comprises a distributed wind-light energy micro-system, a user load, a bidirectional power meter, an alternating-current bus, a high/low-voltage transformer, a power grid, a superior scheduling management system, a micrometeorological interaction device, a clock interaction device and a switch, wherein the distributed wind-light energy micro-system and the user load are connected to the alternating-current bus through the bidirectional power meter, and access the conventional power grid through the high/low-voltage transformer; the switch refers to an isolating switch and a circuit breaker; and the superior scheduling management system is used for detecting the state of the wind-light energy micro-system, deciding the power generation/power supply state of the wind-light energy micro-system according to the states of the micrometeorological micro-prediction interaction device, the clock interaction device, an energy storage device and the user load, and deciding the interaction state of the wind-light energy micro-system and the power grid. According to the system, power can be independently supplied to the user load, grid-connected power generation with the power grid can be performed according to the processing result of urban micrometeorological interaction information, time-of-use power price is supported simultaneously, the power supply demand of a user is met, the cost is lowered, the power generation benefit is increased, the power utilization cost is lowered, and the reliability of the power grid is enhanced.

Design and Development of GSM based Energy Meter

Abstract: Traditional metering method for retrieving the energy data is not convenient and the cost of the data logging systems is high. So this paper presents of design and development of Automatic meter reading (AMR) system. AMR system is a boom for remote monitoring and control domestic energy meter. AMR system give the information of meter reading, power cut, total load used, power disconnect and tempering on request or regularly in particular interval through SMS. This information is being sent and received by concerned energy Provider Company with the help of Global system for mobile communication (GSM) network. Energy provider receives the meter reading within a second without visiting person. AMR minimize the number of traditional visits required by employs of energy Provider Company. This system not only reduces the labor cost but also increase meter reading accuracy and save hugs amount of time. Key term: Short message service (SMS), Automatic meter reading (AMR), Energy meter, Energy provider company, GSM.

System and method for improving grid efficiency utilizing statistical distribution control

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for improving grid efficiency, reliability, security and capacity, utilizing energy storage over a plurality of on-site energy storing appliances (115), and also utilizing on-site demand reduction devices lacking storage, all controlled via configuration settings with a local means to act independently, yet in statistical coordination, to provide a desired effect. The appliance (115) and controller (148) are located on the downstream side of the end-users power meter (112), and facilitates the utilization of the stored energy and manages the optimal timing for producing and delivering the stored energy to the end-user (114). This model demonstrates a utility driven, disaggregated, distributed energy system, where the distributed energy resource is designed to behave as an offset to the predictable daily electrical demand profile.

Electrical power distribution systems, smart electricity meters, and methods of controlling local power connection

Abstract: An electrical power distribution system having an electricity meter connected to power lines on one side and a load on the other side, the electricity meter enabling automatic disconnection and/or reconnection as determined by one or more thresholds stored in memory of the electricity meter. Electricity meters having an automatic disconnect feature are disclosed as are methods of connecting the electrical power distribution system. Other aspects are disclosed.

Intelligent electric meter with functions of leakage remote monitoring and protection

Abstract: The invention discloses an intelligent electric meter with functions of leakage remote monitoring and protection, which comprises a metering chip, a phase current sampling circuit, a phase voltage sampling circuit, a central processing unit (CPU), a leakage current sampling circuit and a low-voltage circuit breaker, wherein the leakage current sampling circuit is electrically connected with the metering chip; the metering chip is electrically connected with the CPU; the CPU is electrically connected with the low-voltage circuit breaker by a trip output interface; and the low-voltage circuit breaker is electrically connected with the CPU. The intelligent electric meter has the beneficial effects that fewer components are added and a circuit is changed within a small range based on the intelligent electric meter, and the functions of the intelligent electric meter and an intelligent leakage monitoring protection device can be realized, so that the production cost is greatly lowered; and the leakage condition of a power consumer can be completely monitored by a power supply enterprise, and the leakage fault can be found and eliminated in time, so that the power supply reliability is improved, the electric energy loss can be reduced, and the personal and property loss caused by leakage can be reduced.

Integrated electric meter and electric vehicle charging station (evcs)

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention described herein comprise an integrated electric meter and electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) (206) and methods of using embodiments of the integrated electric meter and EVCS (206) for charging an electric vehicle (112).

Distributed Smart Device for Monitoring, Control and Management of Electric Loads in Domotic Environments

Abstract: This paper presents a microdevice for monitoring, control and management of electric loads at home. The key idea is to compact the electronic design as much as possible in order to install it inside a Schuko socket. Moreover, the electronic Schuko socket (electronic microdevice + Schuko socket) has the feature of communicating with a central unit and with other microdevices over the existing powerlines. Using the existing power lines, the proposed device can be installed in new buildings or in old ones. The main use of this device is to monitor, control and manage electric loads to save energy and prevent accidents produced by different kind of devices (e.g., iron) used in domestic tasks. The developed smart device is based on a single phase multifunction energy meter manufactured by Analog Devices (ADE7753) to measure the consumption of electrical energy and then to transmit it using a serial interface. To provide current measurement information to the ADE7753, an ultra flat SMD open loop integrated circuit current transducer based on the Hall effect principle manufactured by Lem (FHS-40P/SP600) has been used. Moreover, each smart device has a PL-3120 smart transceiver manufactured by LonWorks to execute the user's program, to communicate with the ADE7753 via serial interface and to transmit information to the central unit via powerline communication. Experimental results show the exactitude of the measurements made using the developed smart device.

Intelligent electric meter system for residents for intelligent smart grid

Abstract: The invention discloses an intelligent electric meter system for residents for an intelligent smart grid. According to the intelligent electric meter system for the residents for the intelligent smart grid, one intelligent electric meter is arranged in home of each resident, two control terminals are respectively arranged on each controlled electric appliance and each user switch, and each distributed power supply is provided with a distributed power supply access device; each control terminal and the distributed power supply access device are interconnected through a PLC (Programmable Logic Computer) communication network, and the intelligent electric meter and a high-class measuring system AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) carry out information interaction. The intelligent electric meter system is suitable for the residents having tiered pricing for electricity and time-sharing pricing for electricity, and aims at minimum electric charge expenditure of users, and is used for intelligently controlling the electric appliances and the distributed power supplies of the residents so as to realize peak clipping and valley filling of the electric charge, and provide power supply quality and power supply reliability.

Electronic energy meter with remote monitoring and billing system

Abstract: Electronic energy meter is capable of taking readings and can store it into its memory Taking energy meter reading is time consuming and an expensive task The meter reader travels for a long distance and take the reading manually to prepare the bill Consumers have to go to the billing office, stand in a long line and submit the bill This is a boring job and time consuming also It can be avoided by remote monitoring of electronic energy meter and prepaid billing system by the use of cash card In this paper measurement of energy, remote monitoring, preparing of bill and billing system is presented Low cost ATMEGA8L microcontroller is used here to control the whole system Sampling of voltage and current is done by it Then it processes data to achieve power in that instant Then it stores the value of total energy consumed by the consumer and can calculate energy charge according to the tariff LCD display is attached with this system to show total energy consumed, power factor and amount of charge etc Communication between central energy distribution office and energy meter is done through power line Complex tariff rate set up and cash card based billing is possible in this system Electronic meter gives high accuracy for nonlinear loads than conventional rotating disc type electro-mechanical meter Greater accuracy and stability can be maintained in this system

Minimalist approach to roadway electrification

Abstract: Method of commerce and system components that enable the sale of electricity on-request to independent vehicle operators for propulsion. Electricity could be delivered by conventional roadway overhead electric line components (see FIG. 2 ). Vehicles would be equipped with a computer-like component that contains an electricity meter, flow switches, and wireless communications capabilities (see FIG. 14 ) to communicate with an operations ( 12 ) computer site. Site would have customer credit profiles for approving distribution, wirelessly requested from customer vehicles. Vehicles would be additionally equipped with a robotic collector module ( 51 ). If implemented on a highway, the driver would request service while driving in an electrified lane via a user interface and, if approved, the robotic collector module ( 51 ) handles engaging electrical contact and disengaging when needed. Customer would be electronically billed for the electricity used. There is a continuous roadside monitoring network for improved safety and vehicle authentication (see FIG. 11, 12 ).

Gatherer device of wireless ad-hoc network meter reading system, and operation method

Abstract: A gatherer device of wireless ad-hoc network meter reading system comprises a processor unit, a 485 bus interface unit, a wireless transmitting-receiving unit, and a power supply managing unit; wherein the processor unit is responsible for operation and control of the whole device, the 485 bus interface unit is used for connecting one or multiple electric meters, the wireless transmitting-receiving unit is responsible for interacting data and commands with a concentrator of the wireless ad-hoc network meter reading system, and the power supply managing unit supplies power for the whole device An operation method of the gatherer device comprises that a command is received by the wireless transmitting-receiving unit and transmitted to the processor unit for processing, that the processor unit sends a request frame to an electric meter, that the processor unit receives a response frame from the electric meter and analyzes the response frame to acquire information of electricity consumption, and that finally the information of electricity consumption is returned to the concentrator through the wireless transmitting-receiving unit The device and the method in the invention solve problems that the prior micropower wireless communication meter reading manners have much channel interferences, and are relatively low in security, relatively short in communication distances and not well in penetrating capabilities Furthermore, the device has the advantages of low cost, high cost performance, good instantaneity, safety and reliability, and use and maintenance conveniences

Automated Wireless Meter Reading System for Monitoring and Controlling Power Consumption

Abstract: The use of wireless automation in almost all the fields of power, gas and water generation, distribution and billing has come of age. Here with the inclusion of wireless communication with the automation may lead to paradigm change in the current trend. The design presents a new methodology for avoiding the high construction and maintenance costs in the existing meter reading technology. Apart the use of wireless meter reading with network technologies has become need of the day. The designed system avoids the human intervention in Power Management. The Consumer has to pay the bill in time, if couldn't, the power connection may be disconnected automatically from the remote server. It displays the corresponding billing information on LCD and data is sent to the server through the GSM Module. The ARM7 based hardware system consists of a processor core board and the peripheral board. The entire programming for microcontroller operation is based on Embedded C Language. This system provides efficient meter reading, avoiding the billing error and reduces the maintenance cost. This paper also addresses advantages of implementing the GSM communication module and design detail and discusses the advanced security of the data communications. consumer to reduce or stop the meter reading/power supply The human error can open an opportunity for corruption done by the human meter reader. So the problem which arises in the billing system can become inaccurate and inefficient. The availability of wireless communication media has made the exchange of information fast, secured and accurate. The digital implementation caused the rapid utilization of devices such as computers and telecommunication devices. Communication media like the internet, GSM networks, etc exists everywhere. Wireless meter reading puts more control into the hands of both utilities and consumers by giving them more detailed information about power consumption (1). This allows utilities to better regulate supply. So, remote wireless meter reading system and management kinds of network technologies has become a trend now. In the work presented here, a technique has been developed to read electricity meter readings from a remote server automatically using the existing GSM networks (3) for cellular phones. This technique can be applied for gas or water meters as well. The meters send the meter readings like kilo-watt-hour (kWh), voltage, current, bill, etc. by SMS to a central server. The central server then stores the information in database for analysis and sends the bill to the customer mobile phone. The SMS based data collection can be done very quickly and efficiently. Data can be collected after any desired time interval such as hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly basis. As there is no human intervention in the entire process, there is no chance of human error and corruption. In the extremely bad weather conditions like heavy snow, rain, storm, etc the system will not hamper on collecting data as long as GSM networks are stable. The development cost of the SMS based remote meter will be higher than conventional meter but the electric supplier revenue will increase in the successive months because it will eliminate the possibility of corruption done by the customer or as of a reader. Remote meter can be used in residential apartments and especially in industrial consumers where bulk energy is consumed.

Development of an automatic meter reading system based on ZigBee PRO Smart Energy Profile IEEE 802.15.4 standard

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a development of an automatic meter reading system focusing on the design for an energy meter implemented with ZigBee wireless communication protocol conforming to IEEE 802154 standard We use a microcontroller STM32L152VBT6 to manage energy data and ZigBee to enable communication between the energy meter and data centers

A novel nonintrusive load monitoring system based on the S-Transform

Abstract: This paper presents a new nonintrusive load identification method for home appliances, supported by a computational tool. Load identification is a major topic for emergent concepts such as smart homes and smart grids. The nonintrusive identification is performed using both current and voltage signals acquired from power meter. The method is based on the use of the S-Transform, where the obtained patterns perfectly allow the identification of distinct home appliances. Preliminary experimental results are presented in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A two level optimal DSM load shifting formulation using genetics algorithm case study: Residential loads

Abstract: Utilities around the world have been considering Demand Side Management (DSM) in their strategic planning. The costs of constructing and operating a new capacity generation unit are increasing everyday as well as Transmission and distribution and land issues for new generation plants, which force the utilities to search for another alternatives without any additional constraints on customers comfort level or quality of delivered product. De can be defined as the selection, planning, and implementation of measures intended to have an influence on the demand or customer-side of the electric meter, either caused directly or stimulated indirectly by the utility. DSM programs are peak clipping, Valley filling, Load shifting, Load building, energy conservation and flexible load shape. The main target of this paper is to show the impact of a DSM load shifting program on both utility and customer in residential areas by Maximizing load factor with minimizing area-gap-between load and supply from the utility point of view and minimizing the cost of energy consumption from the customer point of view with deriving the mathematical formulation of the objective function subjected to different constraints for different cases.

Fully compatible three-phase intelligent electricity meter full-automatic verification system

Abstract: The invention discloses a fully compatible three-phase intelligent electricity meter full-automatic verification system. The full-automatic verification system comprises a detections system platform, wherein the detection system platform is respectively connected with an intelligent storage interface unit, a feeding unit, an appearance detection unit, a dielectric strength test unit, a programmed switching unit, a preset card insertion unit, a function and error detection unit, a load switch/power consumption test unit, a reset/key unit, an automatic sealing unit, an automatic labeling unit and a discharging and separating unit. A conveying unit respectively conveys to-be-detected three-phase intelligent electricity meters to each detection device so as to test each functional parameter, and finally conveys the three-phase intelligent electricity meters to the discharging and separating unit to finish the whole automatic detection flow. The overall verification flow is highly automated, so that the labor intensity of workers is effectively reduced, the verification error is small, and the overall verification speed is fast.

The use of real-time instruments for smart power systems

Abstract: In this paper, an architecture of a low-cost ARM-based Smart Metering network is presented. The system is designed to be suitable for Smart Grids applications aimed to a more efficient energy use according to the article 13 of Directive 2006/32/EC. The network is composed by several slave smart meters that continuously monitor loads and energy generator to make available in real-time information such as power and energy consumption/generation and several power quality parameters to a specific master device called data aggregator. This device integrating the information coming from slave smart meters and information regarding co-generator status, the forecast renewable source availability and, through a web service access, current energy prices, can take decisions to apply suitable management strategies aimed at reducing costs.

Implementation of Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) using radio frequency (RF) module

Abstract: Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) aims to move away from the traditional method of manual reading of electricity meters in which a meter reader who visit every meter location periodically and read the meter value manually. AMR by using radio frequency (RF) is the remote collection of consumption data from customers' utility meters using radio frequency technologies. This system provides electric utility service company (TNB) the opportunity to increase operational efficiency, improve customer services, reduce data-collection costs and quickly gather critical information that provides insight to company decision-makers. The existing digital electric in the marketing is upgraded by adding RF module to provide remote communication capabilities. At the same time, the receiver module unit interfaced directly to a computer/laptop to display all necessary details.

Method and system for managing microgrid energy

Abstract: The invention belongs to the field of scheduling and management of power distribution networks and provides a method and a system for managing microgrid energy. An intelligent electric meter acquires electric quantity information of each load of a microgrid system; an intelligent terminal receives data of the electric quantity information acquired by the intelligent electric meter and outputs the acquired data through an Ethernet in real time; a microgrid system controller receives the information data output by the intelligent terminal, arranges the information data output by the intelligent terminal, performs logic judgment according to a preset microgrid control strategy, acquires a microgrid control criterion execution instruction and transmits the control instruction to the intelligent terminal, so that distributed power supply optimized control, energy economic scheduling, regenerative energy output forecast, reactive power optimization and voltage control, demand side response, plug-and-play, grid connection, island conversion and other application functions are realized; therefore, the characteristics of toughness, reliability, high attack resistance and high economy of an intelligent power grid are embodied; and the method and the system have a great significance for popularization and demonstration.

Automatic calibration of energy meter central unit

Abstract: Energy meter unit with self calibration functions, comprising at least one first and one second current measuring channel (101, 102) for measuring the current flowing in a power feeding line, at least one first and one second voltage measuring channel (101, 102) for measuring the voltage in the said power feeding line and a processing unit (2) for determining the electric power consumption in the power feeding line from the measured current and voltage values. For testing the calibration of the measuring channels and carrying out a further calibration each channel is provided with switching means (8) for cyclically switching each of the first and second measuring channels alternatively to the power feeding line and to the means for carrying out the calibration test.

Utility electric meter web server

Abstract: A meter (M) installed by a utility at a customer site to measure the usage of a commodity supplied by the utility to the customer comprises an enclosure (E) in which is installed measuring apparatus (A) for measuring the amount of usage of the commodity by the customer at any one time. A web server (S) provides information obtained from the measuring apparatus and the utility to the customer. A wireless connection (C) between the web server and a customer device (D) allows the information and utility provided information to be displayed to the customer as well as enabling the device to obtain information from the meter so to determine when, and for how long, the device can be most cost efficiently operated.

Electrical power consumption monitoring using a real-time system

Abstract: In recent years, research into energy saving has been increasing in view of dealing with environmental problems and effectively using energy resources. In a plant, power consumption monitoring of individual inductive devices like motors would have significant impact on energy savings in the long run. However, the current practice of measurement of power consumption of the whole plant rather than individual devices results in penalties for energy losses due to variation of demand charges in a plant. Therefore, electrical power consumption monitoring on a real-time basis is essential to keep it from exceeding the critical demand level. Power meters are practical energy saving devices that can help monitor electricity consumption in a plant. This paper discusses the development and implementation of a micro-controller based portable digital power meter that has the capability to measure three phase power supply for a single device in order to optimize power usage in a plant. It could also be used as an educational tool for undergraduate studies.

A 100-V AC Energy Meter Integrating 20-V Organic CMOS Digital and Analog Circuits With a Floating Gate for Process Variation Compensation and a 100-V Organic pMOS Rectifier

Abstract: A 100-V ac energy meter based on the system-on-a-film (SoF) concept, in which various devices are integrated on a flexible film, is presented. The system consists of 20-V organic CMOS digital and analog circuits with a floating gate (FG) for process variation compensation, 100-V organic pMOS rectifiers for generating a 50-Hz clock and 20-V dc power, and an organic LED (OLED) bar indicator. The energy meter based on the SoF is flexible and therefore can be installed to monitor each ac outlet simultaneously. The organic devices are printable, and it is expected that they can be formed using a low-cost printing process in the future. The energy meter can measure the accumulated energy of a 100-Vrms ac lineup to a full-scale value of 360 Wh when a 500-W target load is monitored. The flexible film is foldable and its total area excluding the ac connector is 200 × 200 mm2 in the unfolded form or 70 × 70 mm2 when folded.