Topic
Electrochromic devices
About: Electrochromic devices is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2599 publications have been published within this topic receiving 74093 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the most important examples from the major classes of electrochromic materials are highlighted, including car mirrors, windows and sun-roofs of cars, windows of buildings, displays, printing, and frozen-food monitoring.
Abstract: Many inorganic and organic materials exhibit redox states with distinct electronic (UV-vis) absorption bands. When the switching of redox states generates new or different visible region bands, the material is electrochromic. Electrochromic materials are currently attracting much interest in academia and industry for both their fascinating spectroelectrochemical properties and their commercial applications. In this review some of the most important examples from the major classes of electrochromic materials are highlighted. Examples of their use in both prototype and commercial electrochromic devices are illustrated including car mirrors, windows and sun-roofs of cars, windows of buildings, displays (see Figure), printing, and frozen-food monitoring.
820 citations
TL;DR: The present review addresses the formation, properties and applications not only of TiO(2) nanotubes but also of related transition metal oxides.
778 citations
TL;DR: The most important examples from major classes of electrochromic materials namely transition metal oxides, Prussian blue, phthalocyanines, viologens, fullerenes, dyes and conducting polymers (including gels) are described in this article.
743 citations
TL;DR: A review of electrochromic (EC) polymers and their applications in absorption/transmission, reflective, and patterned ECDs is presented in this article, where fundamental properties of EC materials such as optical contrast, coloration efficiency, switching speed, and stability are described along with the commonly used characterization methods.
Abstract: A review of electrochromic (EC) polymers and their applications in absorption/transmission, reflective, and patterned electrochromic devices (ECDs) is presented. Fundamental properties of EC materials such as optical contrast, coloration efficiency, switching speed, and stability are described along with the commonly used characterization methods. The origin of electrochromism in conjugated polymers is explained in terms of the electronic structure changes in the backbone upon doping/dedoping. The ability to tailor the EC properties of conjugated polymers and tune their color states via modification of the polymer structure is demonstrated. Multicolor electrochromic materials can be obtained by substitution of a parent polymer and controlled polymerization of comonomers and with blends and laminates of homopolymers. Absorption/transmission-type ECDs from complementarily colored polymers and reflective-type ECDs on metalized substrates are illustrated with several examples from the literature. Finally, sev...
732 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a rearview mirror for cars employing type 1 (solution phase) electrochromes is described, and the insertion coefficient of ECDs is analyzed, as well as the response time, cycle life, and insertion coefficient.
Abstract: Part 1 Introduction: electrochromism - what is electrochromism?, existing technologies, electrochromic displays and shutters, terminology of electrochromism, primary and secondary electrochromism, colour and contrast ratio, colouration efficiency, write-erase efficiency, response time, cycle life, the insertion coefficient, ECD appearance electrochromic systems -equilibrium electrochemistry, electrochromic operation exemplified, voltammetry, charge transfer and charge transport, AC or RF electrochemistry, electrodes construction of electrochromic devices -all-solid cells with reflective operation, all-solid cells with transmissive operation, solid electrolytes, the preparation of solid electrochromic films, liquid electrolytes, self-darkening electrochromic rearview mirror for cars employing type 1 (solution-phase) electrochromes. Part 2 Electrochromic systems: metal oxides-cobalt oxide, indium tin oxide, iridium oxide, molybdenum trioxide, nickel oxide, tungsten trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, other metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, metal oxide - organic mixtures phthalocyanine compounds - lutetium bis(phthalocyanine), other metal phthalocyanines, related species prussian blue - preparation of prussian blue thin films, prussian blue electrochromic films, prussian blue ECDs, prussian blue analogues other inorganic systems - deposition of metals, deposition of colloidal material, intercalation layers, inclusion and polymeric systems bipyridilium systems - bipyridilium redox chemistry, bipyridilium species for inclusion within ECDs, recent developments electroactive conducting polymers - polyaniline electrochromes, polypyrrole electrochromes, polythiophene electrochromes, poly(carbazole), miscellaneous polymeric electrochromes, recent developments other organic electrochromes - monomeric species, tethered electrochromic species, electrochromes immobilised by viscous solvents polyelectrochromism - studies of polyelectrochromic systems photoelectrochromism and electrochromic printing - device types, electrochromic printing or electrochromography.
701 citations