Topic
Electrochromic devices
About: Electrochromic devices is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2599 publications have been published within this topic receiving 74093 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: The use of the donor-acceptor approach to make the first neutral-state black polymeric electrochrome is reported, promising to affect the development of both reflective and transmissive ECDs by providing lower fabrication and processing costs through printing, spraying and coating methods, along with good scalability when compared with their traditional inorganic counterparts.
Abstract: In the context of the fast-growing demand for innovative high-performance display technologies, the perspective of manufacturing low-cost functional materials that can be easily processed over large areas or finely printed into individual pixels, while being mechanically deformable, has motivated the development of novel electronically active organic components fulfilling the requirements for flexible displays and portable applications. Among all technologies relying on a low-power stimulated optical change, non-emissive organic electrochromic devices (ECDs) offer the advantage of being operational under a wide range of viewing angles and lighting conditions spanning direct sunlight as desired for various applications including signage, information tags and electronic paper. Combining mechanical flexibility, high contrast ratios and fast response times, along with colour tunability through structural control, polymeric electrochromes constitute the most attractive organic electronics for tomorrow's reflective/transmissive ECDs and displays. Although red, blue and most recently green electrochromic polymers (ECPs) required for additive primary colour space were investigated, attempts to make saturated black ECPs have not been reported, probably owing to the complexity of designing materials absorbing effectively over the whole visible spectrum. Here, we report on the use of the donor-acceptor approach to make the first neutral-state black polymeric electrochrome. Processable black-to-transmissive ECPs promise to affect the development of both reflective and transmissive ECDs by providing lower fabrication and processing costs through printing, spraying and coating methods, along with good scalability when compared with their traditional inorganic counterparts.
490 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the most important examples from the major classes of organic electrochromic materials, namely the 1,1′-disubstituted-4,4′-bipyridilium salts (the ''viologens'), conducting polymers, metallopolymers and metallophthalocyanines are reviewed.
482 citations
TL;DR: A concept of multifunctional smart glass, which can change its color to dynamically adjust the daylight and solar heat input of the building or protect the users' privacy during the daytime, is presented.
Abstract: ConspectusThe rational design and exploration of electrochromic devices will find a wide range of applications in smart windows for energy-efficient buildings, low-power displays, self-dimming rear mirrors for automobiles, electrochromic e-skins, and so on. Electrochromic devices generally consist of multilayer structures with transparent conductors, electrochromic films, ion conductors, and ion storage films. Synthetic strategies and new materials for electrochromic films and transparent conductors, comprehensive electrochemical kinetic analysis, and novel device design are areas of active study worldwide. These are believed to be the key factors that will help to significantly improve the electrochromic performance and extend their application areas.In this Account, we present our strategies to design and fabricate electrochromic devices with high performance and multifunctionality. We first describe the synthetic strategies, in which a porous tungsten oxide (WO3) film with nearly ideal optical modulati...
461 citations
Book•
15 Nov 2007TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive treatment of all types of electrochromic systems and their many applications is provided, from the scope and history to new searching presentations of optical quantification and theoretical mechanistic models, with an extensive bibliography, recent advances in the field, modern applications and a step-by-step development from simple examples to sophisticated theories.
Abstract: Electrochromic materials, both organic and inorganic, have widespread applications in light-attenuation, displays and analysis. Written in an accessible manner, this book provides a comprehensive treatment of all types of electrochromic systems and their many applications. Coverage develops from electrochromic scope and history to new searching presentations of optical quantification and theoretical mechanistic models. Non-electrode electrochromism and photo-electrochromism are summarised, with updated comprehensive reviews of electrochromic oxides (tungsten-trioxide particularly), metal co-ordination complexes and metal-cyanometallates, viologens and other organics; and more recent exotics such as fullerenes, hydrides, and conjugated electroactive polymers are also covered. The book concludes by examining device construction and durability. With an extensive bibliography, recent advances in the field, modern applications and a step-by-step development from simple examples to sophisticated theories, this book is ideal for researchers in materials science, polymer science, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, bioscience and (applied) optoelectronics.
429 citations
TL;DR: In an effort to demonstrate a new type of electro Chromic device that goes beyond the capabilities of commonly used electrochromic materials, researchers have turned to plasmonic transparent conductive oxide (TCO) nanocrystals.
424 citations