scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Electrochromism published in 2018"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-band electrochromic smart window design based on the intercalation/de-intercalation of Al3+ cations was proposed, which can contribute significantly to the reduction of building energy consumption.
Abstract: Dual-band electrochromic smart windows with independent control of the transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) light can contribute significantly to the reduction of building energy consumption. Cost and inadequate electrochromic performance are the current technical challenges. We present here a dual-band electrochromic smart window design based on the intercalation/de-intercalation of Al3+ cations to replace the common use of monovalent cations in electrochromic applications. The Al3+ intercalation/de-intercalation-enabled electrochromic smart window delivers not only efficient and independent control of NIR and VIS light transmittance, but also impressive electrochromic performance – a high optical modulation of the full solar spectrum (93.2%, 91.7%, 88.5%, and 86.8% at 633, 800, 1200, and 1600 nm, respectively), high coloration efficiencies (254 and 121 cm2 C−1 at 1200 and 633 nm, respectively), fast switching times (8/5 s and 16/13 s at 1200 and 633 nm, respectively, for coloration/bleaching), and high bistability and cyclability (a 5.5% capacity loss after 2000 cycles). The good electrochromic performance can be attributed to the effective diffusion of Al3+ in the electrochromic material (as good as that of Li+); and a shallow intercalation/de-intercalation depth enabled by the ability of Al3+ to support three-electron redox reactions. The performance of Al3+ intercalation/de-intercalation-enabled dual-band electrochromism was also verified in laboratory prototype devices to confirm its suitability for dual-band smart windows.

201 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the flexible polyaniline (PANI) thin films with modified nanostructure are prepared on flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by combination of galvanostatic and cyclic voltammetric electrodeposition techniques.

160 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel solution-phase synthesis of 2D WO3 nanosheets is reported through simple oxidation from 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanOSheets exfoliated from bulk WS2 powder, which shows color modulation and enhancement that are 3.43 times higher than the value of the conventional device using bulk WO2 powder.
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) transitional metal oxides (TMOs) are an attractive class of materials due to the combined advantages of high active surface area, enhanced electrochemical properties, and stability. Among the 2D TMOs, 2D tungsten oxide (WO3) nanosheets possess great potential in electrochemical applications, particularly in electrochromic (EC) devices. However, feasible production of 2D WO3 nanosheets is challenging due to the innate 3D crystallographic structure of WO3. Here we report a novel solution-phase synthesis of 2D WO3 nanosheets through simple oxidation from 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets exfoliated from bulk WS2 powder. The complete conversion from WS2 into WO3 was confirmed through crystallographic and elemental analyses, followed by validation of the 2D WO3 nanosheets applied in the EC device. The EC device showed color modulation of 62.57% at 700 nm wavelength, which is 3.43 times higher than the value of the conventional device using bulk WO3 powder, while also showing enhanceme...

152 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jan 2018-ACS Nano
TL;DR: Optically modulated electrochromic smart devices are fabricated through sequential deposition of the crown-type polyoxometalates, K28Li5H7P8W48O184·92H2O (P 8W48), and W18O49 nanowires and exhibit high efficiency, quick response and excellent stability.
Abstract: Over the past years the performance of electrochromic smart windows with the promising potential for significant energy savings has been progressively improved; however, the electrochromic windows have not yet to come into use at scale mainly because the electrochromic materials suffer from some significant drawbacks such as low coloration efficiency, slow switching time, bad durability and poor functionality. Herein, we fabricate the optically modulated electrochromic smart devices through sequential deposition of the crown-type polyoxometalates, K28Li5H7P8W48O184·92H2O (P8W48), and W18O49 nanowires. Unlike most reported electrochromic smart devices, the resulting P8W48 and W18O49 nanocomposites allow active and selective manipulation of the transmittance of near-infrared (750–1360 nm) and visible light (400–750 nm) by varying the applied potential. Furthermore, thanks to the stable nature of both P8W48 and W18O49 and precise structural control over the nanocomposites, the prepared electrochromic smart d...

144 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an electrochromic supercapacitor based on a nanoflake NiMoO4 thin film which is fabricated using a facile and well-controlled successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique is presented.

140 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Triphenylamine-containing electrochromic materials revealing significant color changes by electrochemically induced redox reactions are attractive with great potential for low energy-consumption displays, light-adapting mirrors in vehicles, and smart window applications.

135 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Electrochromic materials are engineering of an organic π-electron structure-based EM as a unique hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-responsive chromophore amenable to build H2S-activatable fluorescent probes ( 12+-semiconducting polymer nanoparticles, 12+-SNPs) for in vivo H 2S detection.
Abstract: Electrochromic materials (EMs) are widely used color-switchable materials, but their applications as stimuli-responsive biomaterials to monitor and control biological processes remain unexplored. This study reports the engineering of an organic π-electron structure-based EM (dicationic 1,1,4,4-tetraarylbutadiene, 12+) as a unique hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-responsive chromophore amenable to build H2S-activatable fluorescent probes (12+-semiconducting polymer nanoparticles, 12+-SNPs) for in vivo H2S detection. We demonstrate that EM 12+, with a strong absorption (500–850 nm), efficiently quenches the fluorescence (580, 700, or 830 nm) of different fluorophores within 12+-SNPs, while the selective conversion into colorless diene 2 via H2S-mediated two-electron reduction significantly recovers fluorescence, allowing for non-invasive imaging of hepatic and tumor H2S in mice in real time. Strikingly, EM 12+ is further applied to design a near-infrared photosensitizer with tumor-targeting and H2S-activatable abilit...

124 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and cost-effective method of fabricating hybrid transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) based on embedded silver nanowires (Ag NWs)/PEDOT: PSS was developed with the addition of low-temperature synthesis of Ni(OH)2 and polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) composites as a novel interlayer.

123 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simplified electrochromic structure based on a multifunctional ionic hydrogel was designed, which exhibits significant color change with large transmittance modulation and high coloration efficiency.
Abstract: A much simplified electrochromic structure is designed based on a multifunctional ionic hydrogel. The three-layered structure exhibits significant color change with large transmittance modulation and high coloration efficiency. Moreover, an ionic writing board is developed with the hydrogel to realize the first rewritable electrochromic display.

111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
29 Mar 2018-ACS Nano
TL;DR: Through intentional design of ion-transport channels in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), Na+ serves as an efficient intercalation ion for incorporation into a nanostructured electrode with a high diffusion coefficient.
Abstract: Sodium ion (Na+)-based electrochemical systems have been extensively investigated in batteries and supercapacitors and also can be quality candidates for electrochromic (EC) devices. However, poor diffusion kinetics and severe EC performance degradation occur during the intercalation/deintercalation processes because the ionic radii of Na+ are larger than those of conventional intercalation ions. Here, through intentional design of ion-transport channels in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Na+ serves as an efficient intercalation ion for incorporation into a nanostructured electrode with a high diffusion coefficient of approximately 10–8 cm2 s–1. As a result, the well-designed MOF-based EC device demonstrates desirable Na+ EC performance, including fast switching speed, multicolor switching, and high stability. A smart “quick response code” display is fabricated using a mask-free laser writing method for application in the “Internet of Things”. In addition, the concept of ion transport pathway design can ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A demonstration of how a single ProDOT-based polymer, prepared using benign polymerization chemistry and functionalized with highly polar side chains, can be used to access a range of highly desirable properties and performance metrics relevant to electrochemical, optical, and bioelectronic applications is provided.
Abstract: This work presents a soluble oligo(ether)-functionalized propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT)-based copolymer as a versatile platform for a range of high-performance electrochemical devices, including organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), electrochromic displays, and energy-storage devices. This polymer exhibits dual electroactivity in both aqueous and organic electrolyte systems, redox stability for thousands of redox cycles, and charge-storage capacity exceeding 80 F g-1 . As an electrochrome, this material undergoes full colored-to-colorless optical transitions on rapid time scales ( 70%). Incorporation of the polymer into OECTs yields accumulation-mode devices with an ION/OFF current ratio of 105 , high transconductance without post-treatments, as well as competitive hole mobility and volumetric capacitance, making it an attractive candidate for biosensing applications. In addition to being the first ProDOT-based OECT active material reported to date, this is also the first reported OECT material synthesized via direct(hetero)arylation polymerization, which is a highly favorable polymerization method when compared to commonly used Stille cross-coupling. This work provides a demonstration of how a single ProDOT-based polymer, prepared using benign polymerization chemistry and functionalized with highly polar side chains, can be used to access a range of highly desirable properties and performance metrics relevant to electrochemical, optical, and bioelectronic applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a highly transparent electrochromic capacitive (ECC) window was explored by combining a high contrast ECP and a transparent capacitive polymer, which showed high transparency (>72% for PR-Br), large color contrast, and long capacitive stability over 10
Abstract: A highly transparent electrochromic capacitive (ECC) window was explored by combining a high contrast electrochromic polymer (ECP) and a transparent capacitive polymer. A blue and a red color ECP, poly(3,3-bis(bromomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine) (PR-Br) and poly(3,4-di(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene-co-3,4-di(methoxy)thiophene) (Th-OR), respectively, were introduced into an ECC window having a thin polyaniline (PANI) film as a capacitive layer. The as prepared ECC window showed high transparency (>72% for PR-Br), large color contrast, and long capacitive stability over 10 000 cycles, by combining non-aqueous acidic electrolyte and precise control of each electrode's working potential using in situ potential matching. Upon introducing a dielectric poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) layer, the blue ECC window made of PR-Br and PANI showed bistable ECC properties, along with a high energy density of 9.7 and 13.5 W h kg−1 with a power density of 75.3 and 58.8 kW kg−1, respectively, for bleaching and coloring. The red ECC window made of Th-OR and PANI also showed a high energy density (10.5 W h kg−1). The energy stored in an ECC window could be transferred to another device, like a battery, to switch the color or to light a LED when the ECC window is connected in series. Thus the ECC window in this study functions as a color switching smart window and a rechargeable battery, to provide a new path to achieve energy saving EC windows with multi-color tunability. The working principle of these ECC windows can be widely applied in various electrochemical devices for multiple functions in one device.

Journal ArticleDOI
Wang Weiqi1, Xiuli Wang1, Xinhui Xia1, Zhujun Yao1, Yu Zhong1, Jiangping Tu1 
TL;DR: This research provides a new route to realize the coincident utilization of optical-electrochemical energy and demonstrates a noticeable electrochromic energy storage performance with a large optical modulation up to 75.6% at 633 nm.
Abstract: Construction of multifunctional photoelectrochemical energy devices is of great importance to energy saving. In this study, we have successfully prepared a mesoporous WO3 film on FTO glass via a facile dip-coating sol–gel method; the designed mesoporous WO3 film exhibited advantages including high transparency, good adhesion and high porosity. Also, multifunctional integrated energy storage and optical modulation ability are simultaneously achieved by the mesoporous WO3 film. Impressively, the mesoporous WO3 film exhibits a noticeable electrochromic energy storage performance with a large optical modulation up to 75.6% at 633 nm, accompanied by energy storage with a specific capacity of 75.3 mA h g−1. Furthermore, a full electrochromic energy storage window assembled with the mesoporous WO3 anode and PANI nanoparticle cathode is demonstrated with large optical modulation and good long-term stability. Our research provides a new route to realize the coincident utilization of optical-electrochemical energy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible, electrochromic and rechargeable battery was realized by successfully matching polypyrrole (PPy, as cathode) with zinc (Zn, as anode).
Abstract: A rechargeable battery with both flexibility and electrochromism integrated into a single apparatus is a major component for smart flexible electronics. However, suitable electrode materials with electrochromic properties are still being searched for. Here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we realize a flexible, electrochromic and rechargeable battery by successfully matching electrochromic polypyrrole (PPy, as cathode) with zinc (Zn, as anode). The fabricated rechargeable Zn//PPy battery delivers a high capacity of 123 mA h gPPy−1. It possesses flexibility and an electrochromic capability of turning from black to yellow when the voltage changes from 1.2 to 0 V. Therefore, the battery exhibits a unique function of a short circuit chromatic warning which turns yellow at 0 V. Our battery, uniquely combined with these multiple smart features, represents solid progress in smart flexible electronics.

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Apr 2018-Chem
TL;DR: In this paper, a solution-based photodeposition protocol that forms layers of electrochromically active metal oxides (e.g., WO 3, Nb 2 O 5, MoO 3, and V 2O 5 ) on a timescale that rivals current industry practice is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of aqueous nanocrystalline colloidal molybdenum oxide (MoO3-W0.71Mo0.29O3) for solution-processed fully reversible switching electrochromic-battery electrodes is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Feb 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a suitably designed heterostructured TiO2-Co3O4 core-shell nanorod array has been found to exhibit improved supercapacitive as well as electrochromic properties as compared to the nanowires of either of the oxides when used individually.
Abstract: A suitably designed heterostructured TiO2–Co3O4 core–shell nanorod array has been found to exhibit improved supercapacitive as well as electrochromic properties as compared to the nanowires of either of the oxides when used individually The core–shell nanostructures have been grown on an FTO coated glass substrate by preparing TiO2 nanorods through hydrothermal reaction followed by growing a Co3O4 shell layer by electrodeposition The core–shell electrode shows high specific and areal capacitance of ∼342 F/g and ∼140 mF/cm2 (at scan rate of 100 mV/s), respectively Such an improvement in supercapacitive behavior, as compared to the behavior of the existing ones, is likely due to increased surface area and modified charge dynamics within the core–shell heterojunction Additionally, these core–shells also exhibit stable and power efficient bias induced color change between transparent (sky blue) and opaque (dark brown) states with coloration efficiency of ∼91 cm2/C Porous morphology and strong adhesion to

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Designing suitable electrochromic materials that offer low-cost production, appealing colors, and pronounced optical contrast with high efficiency, as well as long-term stability remains an engineering challenge.
Abstract: Electrochromic films undergo optical changes in response to a redox stimulus. This intriguing phenomenon can be used for a wide range of applications, including smart windows, sensors, color displays, and memory elements. Despite the rapid progress of late, designing suitable electrochromic materials that offer low-cost production, appealing colors, and pronounced optical contrast with high efficiency, as well as long-term stability remains an engineering challenge. Solid-state metal oxides, liquid crystals, and organic polymers have been for many years the leading candidates, successfully making their way into commercial products. An alternative class of materials relies on metal complexes that can be processed from solution, offer a variety of colors, and have metal-centered stable and reversible redox chemistry. These metallo-organic materials possess a full range of electrochromic properties, including ultrahigh coloration efficiencies, and cyclic stability. Here, some of the recent scientific developments in this field are highlighted.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the broadband electrochromic properties of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and its suitability for infrared-camouflage and thermoregulation are investigated.
Abstract: Broadband electrochromism from visible to infrared wavelengths is attractive for applications like smart windows, thermal-camouflage, and temperature control. In this work, the broadband electrochromic properties of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and its suitability for infrared-camouflage and thermoregulation are investigated. Upon Li+ intercalation, LTO changes from a wide band-gap semiconductor to a metal, causing LTO nanoparticles on metal to transition from a super-broadband optical reflector to a solar absorber and thermal emitter. Large tunabilities of 0.74, 0.68 and 0.30 are observed for the solar reflectance, mid-wave infrared (MWIR) emittance and long-wave infrared (LWIR) emittance respectively. The values exceed, or are comparable to notable performances in the literature. A promising cycling stability is also observed. MWIR and LWIR thermography reveal that the emittance of LTO-based electrodes can be electrochemically tuned to conceal them amidst their environment. Moreover, under different sky conditions, LTO shows promising solar heating and sub-ambient radiative cooling capabilities depending on the degree of lithiation and device design. The demonstrated capabilities of LTO make LTO-based electrochromic devices highly promising for infrared-camouflage applications in the defense sector, and for thermoregulation in space and terrestrial environments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In’situ electrochemical spectroscopy was performed on the proof-of-concept electrochromic devices (ECD), and E-BnV2+ was not only used as a photosensitizer, but also as an electron mediator, providing a new strategy to explore photocatalysts.
Abstract: A series of electron-accepting chalcogen-bridged viologens with narrow HOMO-LUMO bandgaps and low LUMO levels is reported. The optoelectronic properties of chalcogenoviologens can be readily tuned through heavy atom substitution (S, Se and Te). Herein, in situ electrochemical spectroscopy was performed on the proof-of-concept electrochromic devices (ECD). E-BnV2+ (E=Se, Te; BnV2+ =benzyl viologen) was used for the visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution due to the strong visible-light absorption. Remarkably, E-BnV2+ was not only used as a photosensitizer, but also as an electron mediator, providing a new strategy to explore photocatalysts. The higher apparent quantum yield of Se-BnV2+ could be interpreted in terms of different energy levels, faster electron-transfer rates and faster formation of radical species.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) light spectral regions can be dynamically and independently controlled using a single component material -monoclinic oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide nanowires, without the need for compositing with other electrochromic materials.
Abstract: The transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) light spectral regions can be dynamically and independently controlled using a single-component material – monoclinic oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide nanowires, without the need for compositing with other electrochromic materials. A localized surface plasmon resonance and phase-transition assisted mechanism and bandgap transition electrochromism are individually responsible for the modulation of the NIR and VIS light transmissions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a colloidal Ta-doped TiO2 anatase nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized by a fluoride-assisted synthesis method and their performance in terms of a high dynamic range for visible and near-infrared light modulation was evaluated.
Abstract: Dual-band electrochromic materials are integral to the development of smart windows where visible and near-infrared (NIR) light transmittance may be individually controlled. We present here colloidal Ta-doped TiO2 anatase nanocrystals (NCs) as a promising candidate and their preparation by a fluoride-assisted synthesis method. The dual-band electrochromic performance of these NCs may be credited to their strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absoption in the NIR region. The Ta doping of the TiO2 NC host, which has not been attempted before, is made easy in the presence of the fluoride anions. The synthesis produces Ta-doped TiO2 NCs as a highly uniform colloidal solution. Spectroscopic measurements indicate the generation of free carriers in the TiO2 conduction band by the Ta5+ substitution of Ti4+ cations as the origin of the LSPR. Good dual-band electrochromic performance in terms of a high dynamic range for visible and near-infrared light modulation (86.3% at 550 nm and 81.4% at 1600 nm) an...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gel electrolytes not only overcome the drawbacks of liquid and solid electrolytes, but also exhibit further strengths, which include easier processability, suitability for flexible substrates, and improved stabilization of the chemical species involved in redox processes, leading to better cyclability and opening wide possibilities to extend the electrochromic color palette.
Abstract: Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have aroused great interest because of their potential applicability in displays and smart systems, including windows, rearview mirrors, and helmet visors. In the last decades, different device structures and materials have been proposed to meet the requirements of commercial applications to boost market entry. To this end, employing simple device architectures and achieving a competitive electrolyte are crucial to accomplish easily implementable, high-performance ECDs. The present review outlines devices comprising gel electrolytes as a single electroactive layer (“all-in-one”) ECD architecture, highlighting some advantages and opportunities they offer over other electrochromic systems. In this context, gel electrolytes not only overcome the drawbacks of liquid and solid electrolytes, such as liquid’s low chemical stability and risk of leaking and soil’s slow switching and lack of transparency, but also exhibit further strengths. These include easier processability, suitability for flexible substrates, and improved stabilization of the chemical species involved in redox processes, leading to better cyclability and opening wide possibilities to extend the electrochromic color palette, as discussed herein. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided.

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Jun 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, Hierarchical WO3 nanotree-like structures grown from nanowires were prepared by a two-step nonseeded solvothermal approach using a fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrate.
Abstract: Hierarchical WO3 nanotree-like structures grown from nanowires were prepared by a two-step nonseeded solvothermal approach using a fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrate. The nanotrunks formed in the first step before the nanobranches grew in the second step. The trunks were orientated along the (002) plane of hexagonal phase WO3, while the branches were orientated along the (100) and (200) planes. An electrochromic film prepared with WO3 nanotrees had a large active surface area, which enabled a large optical modulation of 74.7% at 630 nm at a low potential of −0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl, shorter response times of 2.64 s for bleaching and 7.28 s for coloration, and a high coloration efficiency of 75.35 cm2 C–1. Thus, such structures are of interest for electrochromic window application.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel approach involving in situ electrochromic efficiency is proposed to reveal the electrochemical origin of an electro chromic NiOx thin film cycled in a Li+-ion electrolyte.
Abstract: Electrochromic nickel oxide (NiOx) thin films are one of the most promising anodic colored materials. However, there is lack of accurate description of their electrochemical process and degradation mechanism. In this study, a novel approach involving in situ electrochromic efficiency is proposed to reveal the electrochemical origin of an electrochromic NiOx thin film cycled in a Li+-ion electrolyte. The results indicate that the coloring process of the NiOx thin film refers to the oxidation reactions of Ni2+ to Ni3+ and Ni2+ to Ni4+ (in two forms of Ni3O4 and Ni2O3), and the bleaching process is associated with the reduction reactions of Ni4+ to Ni2+, Ni4+ to Ni3+, and Ni3+ to Ni2+. The irreversible reduction of Ni4+ to Ni3+ plays a dominant role in the activation procedure of NiOx. It is deduced that the Li+-ion trapping in the bleaching process along with the reduction reactions of Ni4+ to Ni3+ and Ni3+ to Ni2+ causes the degradation of the electrochromic properties. This study provides a further insight into the electrochromic mechanism and is conducive to the improvement of the long-term cyclic durability for Li+-based electrochromic NiOx. Moreover, the study significantly establishes a direct connection between an electrochemical process and a variation in the optical absorbance of materials.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a reversible metal electrodeposition on Pt-modified transparent conducting electrodes for electrochromic applications and constructed 25 cm2 black dynamic windows with reversibly tunable transmission at fast switching speeds.
Abstract: Optically tunable windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition are an exciting alternative to static lighting control methods such as blinds and shades. In this Letter, we study reversible Bi/Cu electrodeposition on Pt-modified transparent conducting electrodes for electrochromic applications. Spectroelectrochemical measurements combined with scanning electron microscopy images indicate that the electrolytic Bi:Cu ratio drastically affects the electrode switching speed and electrodeposit morphology, which we propose is due to the galvanic displacement of Bi by Cu+. These findings allow us to construct 25 cm2 black dynamic windows with reversibly tunable transmission at fast switching speeds. This rapid cycling can be maintained over 1000 cycles without degradation in contrast or uniformity. Finally, the Bi–Cu windows consume no power to maintain either their transparency or opacity, making them promising candidates for energy-efficient devices. Their combination of fast switching, color neutrality,...


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first work where an electro Chromic MIP sensor uses the electrochromic properties of IrOx to detect a certain analyte with high selectivity and sensitivity.
Abstract: Electrochromic effect and molecularly imprinted technology have been used to develop a sensitive and selective electrochromic sensor. The polymeric matrices obtained using the imprinting technology are robust molecular recognition elements and have the potential to mimic natural recognition entities with very high selectivity. The electrochromic behavior of iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrOx NPs) as physicochemical transducer together with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as recognition layer resulted in a fast and efficient translation of the detection event. The sensor was fabricated using screen-printing technology with indium tin oxide as a transparent working electrode; IrOx NPs where electrodeposited onto the electrode followed by thermal polymerization of polypyrrole in the presence of the analyte (chlorpyrifos). Two different approaches were used to detect and quantify the pesticide: direct visual detection and smartphone imaging. Application of different oxidation potentials for 10 s resulted...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art research activities related to the materials and assembly techniques developed for polymer-based electrochromic devices are reviewed, and an overview of the whole fabrication process including transparent conductive substrate, processing of electro-chromic polymer, electrolyte formulation, as well as edge sealant materials and possible encapsulation methods.
Abstract: The demand for polymer based electrochromic device is increasing in recent years due to not only the advantages of conjugated electrochromic polymers such as high color versatility, large optical contrasts, but also their potential applications in flexible devices. In this review, we focus on the state-of-the-art research activities related to the materials and assembly techniques developed for polymer based electrochromic devices. More specifically, we will give an overview of the whole fabrication process including transparent conductive substrate, processing of electrochromic polymer, electrolyte formulation, as well as edge sealant materials and possible encapsulation methods.