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Electrochromism

About: Electrochromism is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13097 publications have been published within this topic receiving 294637 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The experimental study and theoretical calculations gave information on the total energy, the geometry, and the electronic structures of several representative compounds, either in the neutral form or in the cation-radical state, important for the potential design of photochromic systems.
Abstract: Simple photochromic dithienylethylenes with either a perfluoro or a perhydro cyclopentene ring, and a variety of substituents (chlorine, iodine, trimethylsilyl, phenylthio, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, and ethynylanisyl), have been prepared and their electrochemical behavior was explored by cyclic voltammetry. All dithienylethylenes present two-electron irreversible oxidation waves in their open form, but the cation-radical of the open isomers can follow two different reaction pathways: dimerization or ring closure, whereas the halogen derivatives follow a dimerization mechanism, the presence of donor groups, such as the phenylthio-substituted compound, promote an efficient oxidative ring closure following an ECE/DISP mechanism. Electrochromic properties are also found in the corresponding ring-closed isomers. Depending on the substituents on the thiophene ring, and the perfluro or perhydro cyclopentene ring, open isomers can be obtained from oxidation (chemical or electrochemical) of the corresponding rin...

122 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the thin films revealed that the crystal structure formed in the films by EL/C deposition is assigned to γ-Mn 2 O 3 and/or Mn 3 O 3.
Abstract: Manganese oxide (MnO 3 ) thin films were deposited onto transparent and conductive tin oxide-coated glass substrates by electrochemical deposition (at 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and subsequent chemical [electrolysis/chemical (EL/C)] processing in a manganese ammine complex solution at pH 8. Characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the films revealed that the crystal structure formed in the films by EL/C deposition is assigned to γ-Mn 2 O 3 and/or Mn 3 O 3 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also performed to focus on exchange splitting effect shown in Mn 3s spectra and peak analyses of O Is spectra of the films. From electrochemical, quartz crystal microbalance, XRD, XPS, and atomic force microseope studies, a mechanism of film growth was illustrated, featuring time course of rest potential during chemical process. The XPS data also suggested that the electrochromic behavior, turning brown and light yellow by the anodic and cathodic polarization in potassium borate buffer solution at pH 10. originates from a transformation between two oxygen groups in hydroxide (Mn-O-H) and oxide (Mn-O-Mn) accompanied by the change in valence of Mn. The repeated EC switching performance of the films was also assayed.

122 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
11 Aug 2016-Chem
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report two new materials that have the MOF-74 topology and display redox activity stemming from a naphthalene diimide salicylic acid (NDISA) ligand.

122 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A high-performance electrochromic-energy storage device (EESD) is developed, which successfully realizes the multifunctional combination of electrochromism and energy storage by constructing tungsten trioxide monohydrate nanosheets and Prussian white film as asymmetric electrodes.
Abstract: A high-performance electrochromic-energy storage device (EESD) is developed, which successfully realizes the multifunctional combination of electrochromism and energy storage by constructing tungsten trioxide monohydrate (WO3·H2O) nanosheets and Prussian white (PW) film as asymmetric electrodes. The EESD presents excellent electrochromic properties of broad optical modulation (61.7%), ultrafast response speed (1.84/1.95 s), and great coloration efficiency (139.4 cm2 C–1). In particular, remarkable cyclic stability (sustaining 82.5% of its initial optical modulation after 2500 cycles as an electrochromic device, almost fully maintaining its capacitance after 1000 cycles as an energy storage device) is achieved. The EESD is also able to visually detect the energy storage level via reversible and fast color changes. Moreover, the EESD can be combined with commercial solar cells to constitute an intelligent operating system in the architectures, which would realize the adjustment of indoor sunlight and the im...

122 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The introduction of heavy atoms into the viologen scaffold significantly improved the capacity and cycling stability of the ORLIBs and opens a promising avenue for the development of organic polymer-based electrodes for flexible hybrid visual electronics.
Abstract: A series of electrochromic electron-accepting poly(chalcogenoviologen)s with multiple, stable, and reversible redox centers were used as anodic materials in organic radical lithium-ion batteries (ORLIBs). The introduction of heavy atoms (S, Se, and Te) into the viologen scaffold significantly improved the capacity and cycling stability of the ORLIBs. Notably, the poly(Te-BnV) anode was able to intercalate 20 Li ions and showed higher conductivity and insolubility in the electrolyte, thus contributing to a reversible capacity of 502 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 when the Coulombic efficiency approached 100 %. The charged/discharged state of flexible electrochromic batteries fabricated from these anodic materials could be monitored visually owing to the unique electrochromic and redox properties of the materials. This study opens a promising avenue for the development of organic polymer-based electrodes for flexible hybrid visual electronics.

122 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023458
2022833
2021538
2020712
2019744
2018770