Showing papers on "Electrode array published in 1983"

Design and fabrication of an experimental cochlear prosthesis.

Abstract: The technical and safety requirements for intracochlear electrical stimulation to restore hearing in the profoundly deaf are reviewed. A system has been implanted in human subjects which comprises a 16-contact flexible electrode array, radio receiver/stimulator and surgical disconnect which permits changing from percutaneous cable to transcutaneous telemetry. The design, fabrication, and mechanical and electrical testing of each of the components are discussed in detail. Major improvements over previous systems include controlled introduction of anisotropic flexing properties in the electrode array to facilitate insertion and optimal contact orientation, enlarged and stabilised contact surface area and the development of a new connector technology which combines high density, high reliability, biocompatibility and ease of operation during surgery.

Maximum power transfer system for a solar cell array

Abstract: A system for transferring maximum power from a solar cell array by loading the array in a manner which forces it to operate at its maximum power point. The system samples the open circuit voltage of the solar cell array to provide a signal proportional to the voltage of the array at its maximum power point. The sampled open circuit voltage is compared to the operating voltage of the solar cell array to provide an error signal which is proportional to the difference between the maximum power point voltage and the operating voltage of the array. The amount of power transferred from the array to a load is altered in accordance with the error signal to operate the array at its maximum power point.

Electroosmotic ink printer

Abstract: An electroosmotic ink printer comprising a head having an array of recording electrodes successively arranged to define a print line along one edge of the head. A common electrode is provided in spaced overlying relation with the recording electrodes. Between the electrode array and the common electrode is a means for electroosmotically moving ink in a direction toward the print line and in an opposite direction depending on an electrical potential applied to the recording electrodes with respect to the common electrode. A memory stores a video input signal in a plurality of storage locations corresponding to the recording electrodes for delivery in parallel form to a modulator for generating individual recording signals corresponding to the recording electrodes. Control means activates first and second groups of the recording electrodes by successively applying the individual recording signals thereto to cause the ink to move to the print line and deactivates the remainder of the recording electrodes by successively applying a deactivating potential to the electrodes of the group other than those to which the recording signals are applied.

Design and fabrication of the banded electrode array.

Abstract: The banded electrode array is a simple and effective array for multiple-channel cochlear stimulation and meets the necessary design requirements.

Hyperthermia with implanted electrodes: in vitro and in vivo correlations.

Abstract: Hyperthermia as a treatment for cancer has elicited much recent interest. However, major difficulties persist both in the technology for heating deep-seated tumors, and in thermal dosimetry. We have investigated a heating technique for deep-seated neoplasms that employs an internal implanted electrode and an external electrode to apply radio-frequency current to a tumor mass. The internal electrode consists of an array of stainless steel needles or wires which define a Faraday cage within the tumor, while the external electrode consists of a variety of electrical conductors at the skin surface. Phantom measurements have closely reproduced calculated temperature distributions. The temperature profiles within the volume enclosed by the internal electrode show relatively homogenous heating. Temperature measurements in a rat tumor model have demonstrated that significant heating within such an internal electrode array is easily obtained. The heating may extend some centimeters outside the electrode. Using a dog model we have shown that with such a treatment technique the temperature profiles obtained are reproducible both spatially and temporally. A case report of a clinical application is presented. A 5 em bronchogenic carcinoma was easily heated without significant heating of the surrounding normal lung, and without apparent toxicity. Such a technique may be applicable to a variety of operable but unresectable neoplasms. The reproducibility and relative homogeneity of heating suggest possible usefulness in combined modality trials.

Double electric layer capacitor

Abstract: A double electric layer capacitor utilizes double electric layers formed at the boundaries between polarized electrodes and an electrolyte. The polarized electrodes (17) are of carbon or activated carbon fiber, and conductive electrodes (18) are formed as current collectors on the electrode (17) of carbon or activated carbon fiber, thereby forming an electrode unit.

Electron beam apparatus and electron collectors therefor

Abstract: Electron beam apparatus includes a voltage measuring electron collector including solid electrodes with central apertures. The electrodes comprise a corrector electrode (63) maintained at zero volts, an extractor electrode (15) at about 5 kilovolts positive, a filter electrode (16) which has an internally tapered tubular central part (67), a mirror electrode (64) and a scintillator (17) in the annular space between the mirror electrode and the filter electrode.

Electrode arrangement for electric weed killing apparatus

Abstract: Apparatus for destroying weeds in and around crop rows has a high voltage source of electricity mounted on a vehicle; a coulter wheel for connecting the high voltage source to the ground; a plurality of weed contacting electrodes carried on the vehicle and insulated therefrom; and a plurality of isolating electrical reactance inductors each of which connects a weed contacting electrode to the high voltage source and limits the magnitude of current flowing through the high voltage source when the electrode contacts a weed to thereby minimize the voltage drop across the high voltage source and maintain substantially constant voltage on the remaining electrodes.

Method of generating plasma in a plasma-arc torch and an arrangement for effecting same

Abstract: The proposed method relates to the ionization of plasma-generating gas in ailot arc before being supplied to the electrode region, thus generating charges in this electrode region, the charges promoting dispersion of an arc spot For this purpose, an electrode assembly is provided within the plasma-arc torch, which electrode assembly comprises a hollow tungsten electrode and a solid electrode of the same metal, the solid electrode being radially spaced from the hollow electrode Both electrodes are put in an electric power circuit, whereby an arc is initiated between the electrodes when switching on the electric circuit, plasma being generated in the arc, which plasma serves to start the main arc and provides for dispersion of the arc spot over the surface of the hollow electrode This decreases the current density in the arc spots and, hence, minimizes electrode erosion Such an arrangement provides for the nozzle to be electrically insulated from the electrodes and, therefore, protected against harmful damage

Capacitive proximity initiator

Abstract: A capacitive proximity initiator has a fully-insulated tubular housing on whose end side a sensor electrode is arranged. A protection electrode and a screening electrode are allocated to the sensor electrode. Arranged inside the housing is an electronic actuator which is connected via a two-wire line, in which a load is located, to an AC network and controls the flow of current via the two-wire line as a function of the capacitance between the sensor electrode and the circuit earth. A power supply unit which is accommodated in the housing generates the DC power which is required for operation of the electronic circuit, from the AC power which is transmitted via the two-wire line. The protection electrode and the screening electrode have the form of cylindrical rings which are arranged coaxially with respect to one another inside the housing. The protection electrode is adjacent to the sensor electrode, a short distance away from it. The screening electrode is adjacent to the protection electrode, at a short distance away from it and is connected to the circuit earth of the electronic circuit.

A Lamb wave voltage sensor

Abstract: A voltage sensor using a Lamb wave delay line oscillator is described. The device consists of two pairs of interdigital transducers and one plate electrode at the central part of the device. All of these transducers have the counter electrodes on the bottom surface of the substrate. The oscillation frequency of the device changes significantly with the voltage applied to the central plate electrode. Performances of the voltage sensor are given, including sensitivity and its frequency dependence.

Fire detector and electrode arrangement thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to a fire detector having a measuring chamber defined by two electrodes, so that a non-ionizing electric field is produced between the electrodes by a DC voltage source. The measuring electrode is connected to the input of a current measuring device without direct connection with the DC voltage source. As soon as charged particles of smoke penetrate into the measuring chamber between the electrodes, the electric field causes the positive and negative particles to drift. The charge drift induces a current into the measuring electrode which is measured.

Driving method of thin film transistor

Abstract: PURPOSE:To largely increase the ON/OFF ratio by providing a gate electrode through a gate insulator even under a thin semiconductor film, and applying the specific voltage, thereby reducing the OFF current and increasing the ON current. CONSTITUTION:A thin film transistor has an insulating transparent substrate 38, a substrate insulating film 39, a lower gate insulating film 40, a lower gate electrode 41, a thin semiconductor film 42, a source region 43, a drain region 44, an upper gate insulating film 45, an upper gate electrode 45, an interlayer insulating film 47, a source electrode 48, and a drain electrode 49. In order to decrease the OFF current, when the transistor is OFF, the voltage near the flat band voltage of the lower boundary is applied to the electrode 41, while to increase the ON current, when the transistor is ON, a voltage higher than a threshold voltage is applied to the electrode 41.

Electric discharge machine with control of the machining pulse's current value in accordance with the delay time

Abstract: In an electric discharge machine having a main switching circuit 24 for supplying a current high in current peak value between which are an electrode 10 and a workpiece 12, and an auxiliary switching circuit 26 for supplying a current low in current peak value between the electrodes, to intermittently cause electric discharge between the electrodes which are the electrode 10 and the workpiece; a voltage is applied across the electrodes by the auxiliary switching circuit 26, and when no electric discharge occurs between the electrodes before a decision set time of 1 to 4 μsec, the application of the voltage across the electrodes by the auxiliary switching circuit 26 is continued until discharge occurs therebetween and when the discharge occurs the main switching circuit 24 is caused to supply a normal current between the electrodes according to a given surface roughness, and when discharge or short-circuiting occurs between the electrodes before the decision set time the main switching circuit 24 or the auxiliary switching circuit 26 is caused to supply a current smaller than the normal current between the electrode. As a result the machining speed for the surface roughness of the workpiece is increased, and the machining stability is improved.

Beam mode lamp with voltage modifying electrode

Abstract: A beam mode lamp has two discharge electrodes which alternately function as anode and cathode. One or more modifying electrodes are located between the discharge electrodes. Each modifying electrode is kept equal to or negative with respect to the cathode, raising the operating voltage of the lamp from a normal 20 volts to line voltage.

Ultrasonic image pickup system

Abstract: PURPOSE:To picking up tomographic images of two surfaces which cross each other alternately and display them concomitantly with high time reality by changing connections of a switch scanning circuit and performing the electron scanning of ultrasonic wave transmission and reception optionally for both electrode arrays A and B CONSTITUTION:An electron scanning type ultrasonic image pickup device performs the electron focusing of an utlrasonic wave at the time of wave transmission or reception while setting the array direction of one electrode array to the azimuth direction of a tomographic image surface to be picked up The division direction of the electrode array A or B connected to a transmitting circuit 11 and a receiving circuit 12, therefore, determines the azimuth direction of an obtained tomographic surface, so circuits connected to the electrode arrays A and B are alternated by switch scanning circuits 14a and 14b to form two picked-up tomographic surfaces so that their azimuth directions are at the angle between the array directions of the electrode arrays A and B, ie at right angles When an electron scanning method is a sector scanning method, sectorial orthogonal biplane image pickup operation shown by P1 and P2 is realized

High voltage spark electrode structure

Abstract: With the addition of a conductive means in the form of a grounded ring or member placed at the insulator means of a high voltage spark electrode structure, the required break down voltage of the spark gap can be reduced. The conductive means typically would be a ring encircling the insulator means of the electrode structure and would provide a ground as well as a mechanical support near the end of the insulator means of the electrode structure.

Capacitive voltage transformer

Abstract: In this voltage transformer for compressed-gas insulated high-voltage systems, between a straight internal conductor (1), which is located in a gas space (4) and forms a high-voltage electrode, and a low-voltage electrode (3) surrounding the internal conductor in the gas space (4) a measuring electrode (5) is arranged at which an output voltage is tapped off and fed to a signal processing system (6). In order to reduce the dependence of the output voltage on tolerances and fluctuations of geometric parameters, a guard electrode (7) is arranged between the low-voltage electrode (3) and the measuring electrode (5) and a plate capacitor (11), which is located in insulating gas, is placed between the measuring electrode (5) and earth. Between the guard electrode (7) and earth a supplementary capacitor (13) is also placed which is dimensioned in such a way that the capacitive voltage dividers formed by the internal conductor (1), the measuring electrode (5) and earth, on the one hand, and the internal conductor (1) the guard electrode (7) and earth, on the other hand, have approximately the same transformation ratios. The guard electrode (7) is earthed via a compensating device (14) the impedance of which is dimensioned in such a way that the time constants for the discharges of the measuring electrode 5 and the guard electrode 7 are approximately equal.

Elongated fluid jet printing apparatus

Abstract: The individual elements of an elongated array of fluid jet orifices (110) are independently positioned with respect to the individual elements of a second elongated array of individual charging electrodes (16) thus relaxing chtical mechanical manufacture and assembly tolerances therebetween. The number of fluid jet orifices is substantially greater than the number of independent charging electrodes so as to permit this independent positioning and the enhanced printing resolution of the apparatus is made possible primarily by the lesser density of individual electrodes in the electrode array.

X-ray detector

Abstract: PURPOSE:To heighten X-ray utilization efficiency and improve sensitivity by arranging a spacer made of a highly insulating material having little X-ray absorption between front edges of an anode plate and a cathode plate and an X-ray incident window. CONSTITUTION:A spacer 40 is formed of a highly insulating material having little X-ray absorption while being arranged between an electrode array and an incident window 3 so as to fully cover at least the front of the electrode array. Thereby, the gaseous part is excluded between the electrode plate front edge and the rear face of the incident window, thus generating no damping of X-rays 5 due to the gas at this part, while generating slight damping thereof only at the spacer 40 and the X-rays are incident into an electrode plate separation chamber. Further, when rubber or the like, which is relatively soft and flexible, is used as the spacer, it contributes to prevent vibration of the electrode plates, thus checking a microphonic noise. Thereby, X-ray utilization efficiency can be heightened, while improving sensitivity.

Ionization type smoke detector with test circuit

Abstract: An ionization detector of the type having a housing with electrodes and a radiation source for causing ion current flow between the electrodes, collector means for detecting, by a change in voltage, a drop in ion current flow, and means responsive to a predetermined change in collector voltage to provide an output signal, in which a test electrode is provided in the housing and means is provided for applying to the test electrode a predetermined voltage of a value that causes said predetermined change in voltage at the collector, whereby said output signal is provided when said predetermined voltage is applied to the test electrode if said detector is operating satisfactorily.

Optical data pattern generation device comprising phosphor member

Abstract: An optical data pattern generation device scans an original document to generate an optical dot pattern corresponding to an image on the document. Optical dots are defined by portions at each of which an electrode array comprising minute electrodes and a minute phosphor member overlap each other. The individual electrodes are selectively energized to generate any desired optical dot pattern.

SAW Device with special length-weighted interdigital electrode array

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device includes apodized interdigital electrode arrays 2,3 coupled by a multistrip coupler 5. In a device in which the apodization 8 comprises a main lobe flanked by a succession of minor lobes, the effects of diffraction relating to short electrode pair overlaps are reduced by dividing at least the far end of the array into two or more series connected array portions 21, 22. Difficulties arising from unbalanced electrode edge overlaps at transitions 20 between different members of electrode pairs connected in series are reduced by locating such transitions in the region of nulls in the apodization pattern.

Thermal printer edge compensation

Abstract: A current-drive circuit (FIG. 1) is provided to drive each of forty electrodes 41. When selected, the circuit forces line 27 to a level of drive voltage Vdr minus a current-level reference voltage Vlev. A constant current is produced across resistor 25. Line 27 is connected through resistor 29a to line 27a, which is the same point in the current-drive circuit of the adjoining electrode 41a (FIG. 3) on one side of electrode 41. Line 27 is similarly connected through resistor 29b to line 27b, which is the same point in the current-drive circuit of the adjoining electrode 41b (FIG. 3) on the opposite side of electrode 41. Selection of the drive circuit also connects line 27 to the associated electrode 41. An unselected drive circuit for an adjoining electrode, such as the one connected to drive electrode 41a, has line 27a floating to the level dictated by Vdr through its resistor 25a, while its electrode 41 is disconnected. Current from the unselected circuit through resistor 29a adds to the current in electrode 41, thereby eliminating lightened-edge printing from current spreading.

Hermetically sealed gas tube surge arrester

Abstract: An improved hermetically sealed gas tube surge arrester includes at least a pair of gap electrodes separated by an insulating spacer to form an electrode gap and a separate trigger electrode disposed about the region of the electrode gap for increasing the electrical field intensity in the region of the electrode gap. Preconditioning means is provided to direct an impulse voltage surge to the trigger electrode, prior to being impressed across the gap electrodes, thereby to precondition the electrode gap to breakdown at a relatively low impulse breakdown voltage.

Colour cathode ray indexing tubes and display systems using such tubes

Abstract: In a beam indexing colour CRT in which an electron beam scans light-emitting stripes (R, G, B) in the direction of their lengths, the beam indexing signal is derived from an electrode array (5, 7) arranged so that along its length some or all of the stripes straddle a respective gap between a pair of electrodes (5 and 7) of the array. The electrode array, suitably comprises two interdigitated electrodes (5 and 7). A display system utilising the CRT is also described in which inequality of beam currents returning through each electrode provides a steering signal to the transverse deflecting means.

Resonant transmission semiconductor device and circuit including such a device

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a switching speed of the order of 10 -12 seconds is formed in such a way that resonant quantum mechanical transmission of electric current can occur through a conduction channel (5) between a pair of highly doped electrode regions (2, 3) in a semiconductor substrate (1). Inner gate electrode means (7; 7A, 78) lies over a central portion of the conduction channel (5) and is insulated from the surface layer (4) of the substrate. An outer gate electrode (8) extends completely over the conduction channel (5) and is insulated from both the conduction channel (5) and the inner gate electrode means (7; 7A, 7B). The form, size and disposition of the inner gate electrode means and the disposition of the outer gate electrode are such that by individually biasing the inner gate electrode means and the outer gate electrode with respect to the substrate a potential well is formed between two barriers so permitting resonant transmission of electric current through the conduction channel. The inner gate electrode means can be either a single electrode having a dimension of about 100A or at least two closely spaced electrodes. The insulation between the gates and the channel region can be of the order of 100A thick.

High speed submerged arc welding method

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain good beads free from undercuts at a high speed in submerged arc welding with multiple electrodes by using a grouped electrode element array consisting of plural pieces of wires for at least a part of electrodes. CONSTITUTION:In a submerged arc welding method with multiple electrodes, a conventional electrode 1 is used for a preceding electrode and a grouped electrode array 11 consisting of plural pieces of wires arranged in a weld line direction is adapted to succeeding electrodes. By such combination, advantage is taken of the heat source characteristics of the array 11, whereby even in welding at a high speed, the advancing of a position 7 where solidification starts in the toe of beads is prevented and the good beads free from undercuts are formed. If the arrays 11 are adapted for all the electrodes, the welding is accomplished at much higher speed.

One-dimensional scanner having staggered and overlapping electrodes

Abstract: A one-dimensional scanner for use in an image reader in which the pitch of the electrode elements is reduced to increase the image density. An upper electrode array has a plurality of upper electrode elements arranged at a predetermined pitch and spacing in a one-dimensional scanning direction while a lower electrode array similarly has a plurality of lower electrode elements arranged at a predetermined pitch and spacing in the one-dimensional scanning direction in an opposed, spaced and staggered relation with respect to the upper electrode elements wherein each lower electrode element is positioned across two adjacent upper electrode elements thereby defining a picture element region therebetween. A layer of material such a photosensitive material, a layer having an electro-optical effect, or a layer of electric-radiant-energy-converting material is disposed between the upper and lower electrode arrays. A scanning device is provided which selects respective pairs of the upper and lower electrode elements which overlap each other sequentially in the one-dimensional scanning direction. At least one of the upper and lower electrodes is light transmissible.

Multi-stage accelerated field emission type electron microscope

Abstract: PURPOSE: To keep constant the electrostatic lens effect by providing an applied voltage interlocking means which changes a voltage to be applied to the one or more acceleration electrode including the acceleration electrode of the first stage in accordance with change of voltage to be applied to the electron leadout electrode. CONSTITUTION: After the electron beam obtained from a field irradiation cathode 10 passes an electrode hole of electron leadout electrode 11, is accelerated by the acceleration electrodes 12W14 and is caused to pass the differential exhaustion stops 18, 19, a sample is irradiated with said electron beam through a deflection coil 5 and a condenser lens 6. In this case, an electron leadout power supply 21 and an acceleration power supply 22 of the first stage are provided within a transit transformer 24 connected to a high voltage transistor 26 together with a flashing power supply 23 and thereby a primary control voltage of acceleration power supply 22 is generated in accordance with an amplitude of the primary control voltage of electron leadout power supply 21. Therefore, an acceleration voltage of the first stage can be changed in proportional to an electron leadout voltage and thereby the electron-optical characteristic can be kept almost constant even if the operation conditions of electron gun is changed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio