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Electrode array

About: Electrode array is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7061 publications have been published within this topic receiving 137433 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
26 Dec 2006
TL;DR: A prototype integrated circuit for wireless neural recording from a 100-channel microelectrode array was developed and a two-chip system was used to record neural signals from a Utah Electrode Array in cat cortex and transmit the digitized signals wirelessly to a receiver.
Abstract: Recent work in field of neuroprosthetics has demonstrated that by observing the simultaneous activity of many neurons in specific regions of the brain, it is possible to produce control signals that allow animals or humans to drive cursors or prosthetic limbs directly through thoughts. As neuroprosthetic devices transition from experimental to clinical use, there is a need for fully-implantable amplification and telemetry electronics in close proximity to the recording sites. To address these needs, we developed a prototype integrated circuit for wireless neural recording from a 100-channel microelectrode array. The design of both the system-level architecture and the individual circuits were driven by severe power constraints for small implantable devices; chronically heating tissue by only a few degrees Celsius leads to cell death. Due to the high data rate produced by 100 neural signals, the system must perform data reduction as well. We use a combination of a low-power ADC and an array of "spike detectors" to reduce the transmitted data rate while preserving critical information. The complete system receives power and commands (at 6.5 kb/s) wirelessly over a 2.64-MHz inductive link and transmits neural data back at a data rate of 330 kb/s using a fully-integrated 433-MHz FSK transmitter. The 4.7times5.9 mm2 chip was fabricated in a 0.5-mum 3M2P CMOS process and consumes 13.5 mW of power. While cross-chip interference limits performance in single-chip operation, a two-chip system was used to record neural signals from a Utah Electrode Array in cat cortex and transmit the digitized signals wirelessly to a receiver

927 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A retinal prosthesis was permanently implanted in the eye of a completely blind test subject and the subject was able to see perceptions of light (spots) on all 16 electrodes of the array.

875 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A method is described for the manufacture of a three-dimensional electrode array geometry for chronic intracortical stimulation that consists of a 4.2*4.
Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of a three-dimensional electrode array geometry for chronic intracortical stimulation. This silicon based array consists of a 4.2*4.2*0.12 mm thick monocrystalline substrate, from which project 100 conductive, silicon needles sharpened to facilitate cortical penetration. Each needle is electrically isolated from the other needles, and is about 0.09 mm thick at its base and 1.5 mm long. The sharpened end of each needle is coated with platinum to facilitate charge transfer into neural tissue. The following manufacturing processes were used to create this array: thermomigration of 100 aluminum pads through an n-type silicon block, creating trails of highly conductive p/sup +/ silicon isolated from each other by opposing pn junctions; a combination of mechanical and chemical micromachining which creates individual penetrating needles of the p/sup +/ silicon trails; metal deposition to create active electrode areas and electrical contact pads; and array encapsulation with polyimide. >

846 citations

Patent
19 Nov 1996
TL;DR: An electrosurgical probe as mentioned in this paper comprises a shaft with an electrode array at its distal end and a connector at its proximal end for coupling the electrode array to a high frequency power supply.
Abstract: An electrosurgical probe (10) comprises a shaft (13) having an electrode array (58) at its distal end and a connector (19) at its proximal end for coupling the electrode array to a high frequency power supply (28). The shaft includes a return electrode (56) recessed from its distal end and enclosed within an insulating jacket (18). The return electrode defines an inner passage (83) electrically connected to both the return electrode and the electrode array for passage of an electrically conducting liquid (50). By applying high frequency voltage to the electrode array and the return electrode, the electrically conducting liquid generates a current flow path between the return electrode and the electrode array so that target tissue may be cut or ablated. The probe is particularly useful in dry environments, such as the mouth or abdominal cavity, because the electrically conducting liquid provides the necessary return current path between the active and return electrodes.

836 citations

Patent
04 Jun 1992
TL;DR: In this article, an orthogonal electrode catheter array suitable for cardiac ablation is used in conjunction with a two-phase RF power source to produce uniform square-shaped lesions of size 1,2 cm2.
Abstract: Multi-phase RF ablation employing a two-dimensional or three-dimensional electrode array (501) products a multitude of currents paths on the surface of the ablation zone. This results in a uniform lesion with a size defined by the span of the electrode array. An orthogonal electrode catheter array suitable for cardiac ablation is used in conjunction with a two-phase RF power source to produce uniform square-shaped lesions of size 1,2 cm2. Lesions of larger size are created by successive adjacent placement of the square-shaped lesions. A temperature sensor (531) at the electrode tip allows monitoring of ablation tem-perature and regulation thereof to minimize the electrode tips from being fouled by coagulum.

813 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202353
2022113
2021115
2020178
2019167
2018175