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Electroless nickel
About: Electroless nickel is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2000 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29643 citations.
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TL;DR: The development of metal deposition processes based on electroless nickel, alloy and composite coatings on various surfaces has witnessed a surge in interest among researchers, with many recent applications made possible from many excellent properties as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The development of metal deposition processes based on electroless nickel, alloy and composite coatings on various surfaces has witnessed a surge in interest among researchers, with many recent applications made possible from many excellent properties. In recent years, these coatings have shown promising corrosion and wear resistance properties and large number of newer developments became most important from macro to nano level applications. After a brief review of the fundamental aspects underlying the coating processes, this paper discusses in detail about different electroless nickel alloy, composite, nano plating, bath techniques, preparation, characterization, new depositing mechanism and their recent applications, including brief notes on difficult substrate and waste treatment for green environment. Emphasis will be onto their recent progress, which will be discussed in detail and critically reviewed.
680 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the tribological advancement of different electroless nickel coatings based on the bath types, structure and also the tribo testing parameters in recent years.
Abstract: Electroless coating is different from the conventional electrolytic coating as the former does not require any electricity for its operation. The advantages include uniform coating and also nonconductive materials can be coated. Electroless nickel coatings possess splendid tribological properties such as high hardness, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. For this reason, electroless nickel has found wide applications in aerospace, automobile, electrical and chemical industries. Quest for improved tribological performances has led many researchers to develop and investigate newer variants of electroless nickel coatings like Ni–W–P, Ni–Cu–P, Ni–P–SiC, Ni–P–TiO2, and so on. Also the enhancement of tribological characteristics through modification of the coating process parameters has remained a key point of interest in researchers. The technological advancement demands the development of newer coating materials with improved resistance against wear and tear. Electroless nickel has shown huge potential to fit in that space and so the study of its tribological advancement deserves a thorough and exhaustive study. The present article reviews mainly the tribological advancement of different electroless nickel coatings based on the bath types, structure and also the tribo testing parameters in recent years.
477 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to review different electroless alloy/composite coatings with respect to bath types and their composition, properties and applications, with emphasis on wear and corrosion properties.
Abstract: Since the inception of electroless coating by Brenner & Riddell in 1946, it has been the subject of research interest and, in the past two decades, emphasis has shifted to the studies of its properties and applications. The co-deposition of paniculate matter or substance within the growing film has led to a new generation of electroless composite coatings, many of which possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance. This valuable process can coat not only electrically conductive materials including graphite but also fabrics, insulators like plastics, rubber etc. The low coating rates with these can provide better reflectivity of plated surfaces and many more applications. Coatings can be tailored for desired properties by selecting the composition of the coating alloy/composite/metallic to suit specific requirements. The market for these coatings is expanding fast as the potential applications are on the rise. In the present article, an attempt has been made to review different electroless alloy/composite coatings with respect to bath types and their composition, properties and applications. Different characterisation studies have been conducted on various electroless nickel-based coatings with emphasis on wear and corrosion properties.
322 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a chemical conversion treatment and an electroless nickel plating were applied to AZ91D alloy to improve its corrosion resistance, which was verified by immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization test in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.
Abstract: A chemical conversion treatment and an electroless nickel plating were applied to AZ91D alloy to improve its corrosion resistance. By conversion treatment in alkaline stannate solution, the corrosion resistance of the alloy was improved to some extent as verified by immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization test in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at pH 7.0. X-ray diffraction patterns of the stannate treated AZ91D alloy showed the presence of MgSnO3 (.) H2O, and SEM images indicated a porous structure, which provided advantage for the adsorption during sensitisation treatment prior to electroless nickel plating. A nickel coating with high phosphorus content was successfully deposited on the chemical conversion coating pre-applied to AZ91D alloy. The presence of the conversion coating between the nickel coating and the substrate reduced the potential difference between them and enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloy. An obvious passivation occurred for the nickel coating during anodic polarization in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
306 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of microstructure and plating parameters on AZ91D alloy was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis.
Abstract: Electroless nickel-plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy has been investigated to understand the effect of substrate microstructure and plating parameters. The initial stage of the deposition was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis on substrates plated for a very short interval of time. The early stage of growth was strongly influenced by the substrate microstructure. Plating was initiated on b-phase grains probably due to the galvanic coupling of b and eutectic a-phase. Once the b-phase was covered with the coating, it then spread onto eutectic a and primary a-phase. The coating produced with the optimised bath showed 7 wt.% phosphorus with a hardness of approximately 600–700 VHN. The optimum ligand to metal ion ratio was found to be 1:1.5, while the safe domain for thiourea (TU) was in the range of 0.5–1 mgyl. Fluoride was found to be an essential component of the bath to plate AZ91D alloy with an optimum value of 7.5 gyl. The presence of 0.25–0.5 mgyl mercapto-benzo-thiosole (MBT) found to accelerate the plating process. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
268 citations