Electrolyte

About: Electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 124601 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2337639 citations. The topic is also known as: electrolyte solution & electrolytes.

Quantification on Degradation Mechanisms of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers during an Accelerated Stress Test

Abstract: The long-term durability of the catalyst layers of a low-working temperature fuel cell such as a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is of significant scientific interest because of their operation criteria and high initial cost. Identification of degradation mechanisms quantitatively during an accelerated stress test (AST) is essential for assessing and improving the durability of such catalyst layers. In this study, we present a quantitative analysis of the degradation mechanisms such as (i) electronic connectivity loss due to carbon support corrosion, (ii) proton connectivity loss due to ionomer/catalyst interface loss, (iii) catalyst loss due to dissolution or detachment, and (iv) physical surface area loss due to particle growth that is responsible for the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) loss in Pt-based catalyst layers for PEMFCs during an AST performed through potential cycling (linear sweep cyclic voltammetry) between 0.4 and 1.6 V for 7000 cycles in Ar-saturated 1 M H2SO4. Using a ...

Confining Redox Electrolytes in Functionalized Porous Carbon with Improved Energy Density for Supercapacitors

Abstract: It is a big challenge to improve the energy density of the carbon-based supercapacitors for wide applications. In this work, considering the properties of redox electrolytes, functionalized porous carbon has been synthesized with interconnected pores and oxygen functional groups, which is employed to well hold the redox electrolyte ions. As a result, the functionalized porous carbon shows a high capacitance of 454 F g–1 at a current density of 1 A g–1 and can maintain 88% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles at 10 A g–1. Especially, the as-prepared asymmetric supercapacitor obtains high energy density of 36.9 W h kg–1 at the power density of 225 W kg–1. This new design strategy by coordinating carbon materials with the redox electrolytes will guide the development of high-energy density supercapacitors.

Size‐, Water‐, and Defect‐Regulated Potassium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate with Superior Cycling Stability and Rate Capability for Low‐Cost Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract: Potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate (KMHCF) is a low-cost Prussian blue analogue (PBA) having a rigid and open framework that can accommodate large alkali ions. Herein, the synthesis of KMHCF and its application as a high-performance cathode in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) is reported. High-quality KMHCF with low amounts of crystal water and defects and with homogeneous microstructure is obtained by controlling the nucleation and grain growth by using a high-concentration citrate solution as a precipitation medium. The obtained KMHCF exhibits superior cycling and rate performance as a NIB cathode, showing 80% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 C and a high capacity of 95 mA h g-1 at 20 C. Unlike conventional single-cation batteries, the hybrid NIB with KMHCF as cathode and Na as anode in Na-ion electrolyte displays three reversible plateaus that involve stepwise insertion/extraction of both K+ and Na+ in the PBA framework. In later cycling, the K+ -Na+ cointercalated phase is partially converted into a cubic sodium manganese hexacyanoferrate (NaMHCF) phase due to the increasing replacement of Na+ for K+ .