Topic
Electrolyte
About: Electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 124601 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2337639 citations. The topic is also known as: electrolyte solution & electrolytes.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a rechargeable Li/O{sub 2} battery is reported, which consists of a conductive organic polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched by a thin Li metal foil anode, and a thin carbon composite electrode on which oxygen, the electroactive cathode material, accessed from the environment, is reduced during discharge to generate electric power.
Abstract: A novel rechargeable Li/O{sub 2} battery is reported. It comprises a Li{sup +} conductive organic polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched by a thin Li metal foil anode, and a thin carbon composite electrode on which oxygen, the electroactive cathode material, accessed from the environment, is reduced during discharge to generate electric power. It features an all solid state design in which electrode and electrolyte layers are laminated to form a 200 to 300 {micro}m thick battery cell. The overall cell reaction during discharge appears to be 2Li + O{sub 2} {yields} Li{sub 2}O{sub 2}. It has an open-circuit voltage of about 3 V, and a load voltage that spans between 2 and 2.8 V depending upon the load resistance. The cell can be recharged with good coulombic efficiency using a cobalt phthalocyanine catalyzed carbon electrode.
1,966 citations
TL;DR: A two-step electrode design consisting of the electrochemically assisted template growth of Cu nanorods onto a current collector followed by electrochemical plating of Fe3O4 is used, which demonstrates a factor of six improvement in power density over planar electrodes while maintaining the same total discharge time.
Abstract: All battery technologies are known to suffer from kinetic problems linked to the solid-state diffusion of Li in intercalation electrodes, the conductivity of the electrolyte in some cases and the quality of interfaces. For Li-ion technology the latter effect is especially acute when conversion rather than intercalation electrodes are used. Nano-architectured electrodes are usually suggested to enhance kinetics, although their realization is cumbersome. To tackle this issue for the conversion electrode material Fe3O4, we have used a two-step electrode design consisting of the electrochemically assisted template growth of Cu nanorods onto a current collector followed by electrochemical plating of Fe3O4. Using such electrodes, we demonstrate a factor of six improvement in power density over planar electrodes while maintaining the same total discharge time. The capacity at the 8C rate was 80% of the total capacity and was sustained over 100 cycles. The origin of the large hysteresis between charge and discharge, intrinsic to conversion reactions, is discussed and approaches to reduce it are proposed. We hope that such findings will help pave the way for the use of conversion reaction electrodes in future-generation Li-ion batteries.
1,933 citations
TL;DR: A coulombic efficiency nearing 100% and long cycling stability are achieved, and the advantage of this electrolyte is further demonstrated that lithium polysulphide dissolution is inhibited, thus overcoming one of today's most challenging technological hurdles.
Abstract: Commercial lithium-ion batteries normally use a liquid electrolyte. Suo et al. show that a glassy-like electrolyte containing a high concentration of lithium salt leads to a substantially enhanced battery performance because of suppressed formation of lithium dendrites on the lithium metal anodes.
1,892 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated thermodynamic and electrical conductivity data to select the most appropriate electrolyte composition for IT-SOFC operation at 500°C and found that the Gd 3+ ion is the preferred dopant, compared to Sm 3+ and Y 3+, at this temperature.
1,888 citations
TL;DR: The EIS measurements show that DSC performance variations under prolonged thermal aging result mainly from the decrease in the lifetime of the conduction band electron in the TiO2 film.
Abstract: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been performed to investigate electronic and ionic processes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). A theoretical model has been elaborated, to interpret the frequency response of the device. The high-frequency feature is attributed to the charge transfer at the counter electrode while the response in the intermediate-frequency region is associated with the electron transport in the mesoscopic TiO2 film and the back reaction at the TiO2/electrolyte interface. The low-frequency region reflects the diffusion in the electrolyte. Using an appropriate equivalent circuit, the electron transport rate and electron lifetime in the mesoscopic film have been derived, which agree with the values derived from transient photocurrent and photovoltage measurements. The EIS measurements show that DSC performance variations under prolonged thermal aging result mainly from the decrease in the lifetime of the conduction band electron in the TiO2 film.
1,875 citations