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Showing papers on "Electromagnetic compatibility published in 2012"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a perspective on the experimental efforts toward the development of microwave absorbers composed of carbonaceous inclusions in a polymer matrix is presented. But the authors focus on the application for which the absorber is intended, weight reduction and optimization of the operating bandwidth are two important issues.
Abstract: Carbon (C) is a crucial material for many branches of modern technology. A growing number of demanding applications in electronics and telecommunications rely on the unique properties of C allotropes. The need for microwave absorbers and radar-absorbing materials is ever growing in military applications (reduction of radar signature of aircraft, ships, tanks, and targets) as well as in civilian applications (reduction of electromagnetic interference among components and circuits, reduction of the back-radiation of microstrip radiators). Whatever the application for which the absorber is intended, weight reduction and optimization of the operating bandwidth are two important issues. A composite absorber that uses carbonaceous particles in combination with a polymer matrix offers a large flexibility for design and properties control, as the composite can be tuned and optimized via changes in both the carbonaceous inclusions (C black, C nanotube, C fiber, graphene) and the embedding matrix (rubber, thermoplastic). This paper offers a perspective on the experimental efforts toward the development of microwave absorbers composed of carbonaceous inclusions in a polymer matrix. The absorption properties of such composites can be tailored through changes in geometry, composition, morphology, and volume fraction of the filler particles. Polymercomposites filled with carbonaceous particles provide a versatile system to probe physical properties at the nanoscale of fundamental interest and of relevance to a wide range of potential applications that span radar absorption, electromagnetic protection from natural phenomena (lightning), shielding for particle accelerators in nuclear physics, nuclear electromagnetic pulse protection, electromagnetic compatibility for electronic devices, high-intensity radiated field protection, anechoic chambers, and human exposure mitigation. Carbonaceous particles are also relevant to future applications that require environmentally benign and mechanically flexible materials.

1,026 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalized terminal model was proposed to predict conducted electromagnetic interference from a dc-dc boost converter with buck-type input for both dc and ac applications, and the model was shown to successfully predict conducted emissions for a buck converter and a three-phase voltage source inverter up to 100 MHz with an error of 6 dB or less at most frequencies.
Abstract: A generalized terminal modeling technique was proposed earlier to predict conducted electromagnetic interference from a dc-dc boost converter. The predictions of these conducted emissions showed that there was a good agreement up to 50 MHz. This paper extends the generalized terminal modeling approach to converters with the buck-type input. Both dc and ac applications are discussed. The technique is developed for the electromagnetic interference modeling of switched power converters in aerospace applications where the requirements on electromagnetic pollution are very strict. The model is shown to successfully predict conducted emissions for a buck converter and a three-phase voltage source inverter up to 100 MHz with an error of 6 dB or less at most frequencies.

114 citations


BookDOI
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a model for the coupling of short and ultra-wideband pulsations into the human body to measure the effect of electromagnetic fields on biological cells and Membranes.
Abstract: Coupling of Electromagnetic Fields into Biological Systems, James C. Lin Physical Laws Governing Electromagnetic Phenomena Electromagnetic Properties of Tissue Electromagnetic Phenomena at Tissue Interfaces Static Electric and Magnetic Fields Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields Low-Frequency and Quasistatic Electric and Magnetic Fields Propagation of Electromagnetic Energy from Antennas Coupling of Quasistatic Electric and Magnetic Fields Radiofrequency Fields and Energy Deposition Radiofrequency Dosimetry and Energy Absorption in Anatomical Models Coupling of Short and Ultra-Wideband Pulses into the Human Body Coupling of Millimeter and Terahertz Waves Pulsed Electric Fields in Biological Cells and Membranes, R. P. Joshi and K. H. Schoenbach Interaction of Electric Fields with Living Cells Modeling Electric Fields in Cells Temperature Changes Due to Electric Pulsing Role of the Biological Dielectric Properties Extracting Parameters from Cell Suspensions Static, Low-Frequency, and Pulsed Magnetic Fields in Biological Systems, Shoogo Ueno and Hideyuki Okano Mechanisms of Biological Effects and Biomagnetic Phenomena of Magnetic Fields Experimental Studies on Magnetic Field Effects Response of Plants and Microorganisms to Magnetic Fields Interaction of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields with Biological Systems, Tsukasa Shigemitsu and Kenichi Yamazaki EMF and Biological Systems Numerical Dosimetry Approaches Development of Modeling of the Human Body Coupling and Dosimetry of ELF EMF with Biological Systems Mobile Communication Fields in Biological Systems, Konstantina S. Nikita and Asimina Kiourti Numerical Dosimetry Experimental Dosimetry Exposure Assessment Medical Devices and Systems Exposure and Dosimetry, N. Leitgeb Medical Therapy Medical Diagnosis Electromagnetic Compatibility Terahertz Radiation: Sources, Applications, and Biological Effects, Gerald J. Wilmink and Jessica E. Grundt Terahertz Sources: Conventional and State-of-the-Art Terahertz Applications Terahertz Skin Interactions Biological Effects at a Cellular and Biomolecular Level Index

70 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model magnetic vibration sources in two 100kW marine fractional-slot permanent magnet machines with different pole and slot combinations.
Abstract: The design of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine, in particular, its pole and slot combination, determines the nature of its magnetic forces, which influences not only the torque but also acoustic noise and vibration characteristics. Vibrations can shorten bearing life and are an especially important parameter in marine applications, which have strict regulations such as on electromagnetic compatibility. In this study, two-dimensional(2D) finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model magnetic vibration sources in two 100-kW marine fractional-slot IPM machines with different pole and slot combinations (8 pole-12 slot and 10 pole-12 slot). The magnetic forces were calculated according to rotor position, current phase angle, and load. The results are validated by experiments.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the forward transmission coefficient of TS-SWCNTBVs for different metallic fractions of the SWCNTs, with quantum effects treated appropriately, based on the modified equivalent lumped-element circuit model.
Abstract: Electromagnetic compatibility-oriented study is performed for accurately characterizing through silicon single-walled carbon nanotube bundle via (TS-SWCNTBV) array in this paper. Based on the modified equivalent lumped-element circuit model of a pair of TS-SWCNTBVs, its forward transmission coefficient, in comparison with copper- and tungsten-based TSVs, is investigated for different metallic fractions of the SWCNTs, with quantum effects treated appropriately. The 3-D transmission-line method (TLM) is further employed for studying mutual couplings in three, four, and nine TS-SWCNTBV arrays, respectively, where the effects of their geometrical and physical parameters on the effective capacitance and conductance are examined in detail. Also, transient coupling noises in different arrays excited by a clock signal, respectively, are predicted and compared, which are useful for the design of high density TS-SWCNTBV arrays with better signal transmission performance.

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a planar electromagnetic bandgap configuration of a compact common mode filter that is laid out on printed circuit board is studied, which is used to mitigate the common mode noise traveling on high-speed differential signal traces.
Abstract: A planar electromagnetic bandgap configuration of a compact common mode filter that is laid out on printed circuit board is studied. This filter is used to mitigate the common mode noise traveling on high-speed differential signal traces. These differential signal lines may be connected to I/O connectors and cables and small amounts of common mode noise can result in significant electromagnetic emissions. The filter is obtained by a very simple planar geometry based on the electromagnetic bandgap structures. A cavity made by a rectangular/square patch (together with a solid plane underneath) has a well known and predictable resonant behavior; the coupling between the differential pair routed on top of the patterned plane and the patch cavity, occurring when the traces cross the gap between adjacent patches, is used to reduce the energy associated with the propagation of the common mode noise. The properties of this filter are studied taking into account the layout of a real differential microstrip and the number of gap crossings. A compact configuration is proposed. Time domain simulations validate the suggested layout approach.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated experimental validations of a simple modeling method of PCB interconnects for high-speed signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility applications based on the theoretical approach using the extraction method of the interconnect per-unit-length RLCG parameters, the reduced models of corresponding transfer function, -parameters, and access and transfer impedances are also established.
Abstract: This paper is devoted to investigating experimental validations of a simple modeling method of PCB interconnects for high-speed signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility applications. Based on the theoretical approach using the extraction method of the interconnect per-unit-length RLCG parameters, the reduced models of the corresponding transfer function, -parameters, and access and transfer impedances are also established. The methodology describing the different steps of the technique proposed for practical use cases in ultra wideband is established. To verify the effectiveness of the concept under consideration, time-domain validations from the frequency-measured data are realized by using printed circuit board microstrip interconnect lines with micrometers width and millimeters long. Therefore, the model was first validated experimentally, and with electromagnetic simulations, in frequency domain via comparison of -parameters and -matrix from dc to some gigahertz. It was found that relative errors lower than 1 dB were evaluated between the insertion loss of the models, simulations, and measurements. Then, by injecting noisy digital- and mixed-signals with 1 Gigasymbol/s, relative errors of lower than 1% were evaluated by considering the time-domain responses. Compared to the existing interconnect modeling tools, the developed one presents a high accuracy, simplicity, and very less computation time.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The typical disturbances that can affect this GSM-R communication system in the railway environment are presented and significant differences between these disturbances and the test signals defined in the current European electromagnetic compatibility standards will be highlighted.
Abstract: The Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) system is currently deployed in Europe in order to ensure the interoperability of the high-speed trains. Knowing that data related to control and command will be transmitted to trains through this communication system, the immunity of the GSM-R system against electromagnetic disturbances on board trains has to be certified. After a background about the GSM-R communication system, we will present in detail the typical disturbances that can affect this system in the railway environment. Significant differences between these disturbances and the test signals defined in the current European electromagnetic compatibility standards will be highlighted. The criteria that can be employed to evaluate the immunity of the GSM-R transmissions will then be discussed. Finally, new test signals and immunity test bench will be presented in order to expose the GSM-R transmissions to noise scenarios representative of the railway environment. Different immunity results will be presented and analyzed.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An on-chip noise sensor dedicated to the study of circuit susceptibility to electromagnetic interferences and a demonstration of the sensor measurement performances and benefits is proposed.
Abstract: With the growing concerns about electromagnetic compatibility of integrated circuits, the need for accurate prediction tools and models to reduce risks of noncompliance becomes critical for circuit designers. However, an on-chip characterization of noise is still necessary for model validation and design optimization. Although different on-chip measurement solutions have been proposed for emission issue characterization, no on-chip measurement methods have been proposed to address the susceptibility issues. This paper presents an on-chip noise sensor dedicated to the study of circuit susceptibility to electromagnetic interferences. A demonstration of the sensor measurement performances and benefits is proposed through a study of the susceptibility of a digital core to conducted interferences. Sensor measurements ensure a better characterization of actual coupling of interferences within the circuit and a diagnosis of failure origins.

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison between the Jonscher model and the Debye model is made to represent the dielectric properties of concrete, although dielectrics and conduction losses are taken into consideration in these models.
Abstract: A number of efficient and diverse mathematical methods have been used to model electromagnetic wave propagation. Each of these methods possesses a set of key elements which eases its understanding. However, the modelling of the propagation in concrete becomes impossible without modelling its electrical properties. In addition to experimental measurements; material theoretical and empirical models can be useful to investigate the behaviour of concrete's electrical properties with respect to frequency, moisture content (MC) or other factors. These models can be used in different fields of civil engineering such as (1) electromagnetic compatibility which predicts the shielding effectiveness (SE) of a concrete structure against external electromagnetic waves and (2) in non-destructive testing to predict the radar wave reflected on a concrete slab. This paper presents a comparison between the Jonscher model and the Debye models which is suitable to represent the dielectric properties of concrete, although dielectric and conduction losses are taken into consideration in these models. The Jonscher model gives values of permittivity, SE and radar wave reflected in a very good agreement with those given by experimental measurements and this for different MCs. Compared with other models, the Jonscher model is very effective and is the most appropriate to represent the electric properties of concrete.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
14 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-level protection architecture for automotive ICs (integrated circuits) system-level robustness is introduced, which comprises three level protection for interface pins with high bidirectional voltage swing, and a first protection stage is optimized to sustain the largest portion of the ESD (electrostatic discharge) and EMI (electromagnetic interference)-induced stress.
Abstract: On-chip protection architecture for automotive ICs (integrated circuits) system-level robustness is introduced. It comprises three-level protection for interface pins with high bidirectional voltage swing. A first protection stage is optimized to sustain the largest portion of the ESD (electrostatic discharge) and EMI (electromagnetic interference)-induced stress. A second-level protection stage is customized to sustain the relatively lower IC-level ESD stress, and the third level protection stage absorbs the initial transient voltage impulse.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, general analytical equations were developed for the calculation of electromagnetic fields due to an inclined channel directly in the time domain, where the input parameters, angle of inclination of the lightning channel and the angle at the observation point can be varied through all possible values to produce the relevant electromagnetic fields.
Abstract: This article describes general analytical equations that are developed for the calculation of electromagnetic fields due to an inclined channel directly in the time domain. The input parameters of the model, angle of inclination of the lightning channel and the angle at the observation point can be varied through all possible values to produce the relevant electromagnetic fields. The proposed model is validated with eight electromagnetic waveforms measured at close range of the lightning channel. The results of the model show good agreement with the measured data. Furthermore, the proposed equations are compatible with different channel base current functions. The equations could easily be applied in the coupling models that calculate induced voltages in conductors in the presence of lightning-generated electromagnetic fields.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A photovoltaic (PV)-battery hybrid system based on the cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter, which not only makes the irregular PV power smoother but also limits the grid current under grid voltage dips is proposed.
Abstract: This paper proposes a photovoltaic (PV)-battery hybrid system based on the cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter, which not only makes the irregular PV power smoother but also limits the grid current under grid voltage dips Different from the conventional configuration where the PV and the battery inverters are paralleled on the grid side, the proposed CHB based hybrid system connects the AC sides of the PV inverter and the battery inverter in cascade Thus, the multilevel inverter output voltage is available Compared to the conventional configuration, the proposed system offers the improved electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and better harmonic performance The computer simulation has been given to verify the validity of the proposed system and control strategy

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the importance of EMC, bundled with power quality (PQ) in the context of the smart grid and why EMC must be co-addressed as the future smart grid takes shape.
Abstract: With the onset of the smart grid, electric utilities and their customers are engaged in millions of dollars of research on smart grid technologies. There are hundreds of smart grid topics being studied by dozens of organizations including the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). One of the topics in the electric utility industry that has been (and still is) of significant importance to utilities is power quality (PQ). The reliable and compatible performance of end-use equipment requires, in part, quality power at the power frequencies of 50 or 60 hertz up to about 3 kHz. Compatibility with the surrounding electromagnetic environment above 3 kHz (i.e., up to 10 GHz and beyond) is also a must in today's changing environment. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is paramount if electronic loads - used to operate the grid and in customer facilities - are to interoperate with the power system and other loads on the grid. This article will help the reader to understand why EMC, bundled with PQ, must be co-addressed as the smart grid takes shape in the next few decades.

Patent
12 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a bleeding circuit and method for an electromagnetic interference filter detect whether or not an AC power source connected to the EIF is removed, establish a discharge path for discharging a capacitor of the electromagnetic EIF, and cut off the discharge path during the AC Power Source is in connection to the EMI filter for decreasing power consumption.
Abstract: A bleeding circuit and method for an electromagnetic interference filter detect whether or not an AC power source connected to the electromagnetic interference filter is removed, establish a discharge path for discharging a capacitor of the electromagnetic interference filter once the connected AC power source is removed, and cut off the discharge path during the AC power source is in connection to the electromagnetic interference filter for decreasing power consumption of the electromagnetic interference filter.

Patent
10 Aug 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a passive layer including graphene for attenuation of near-field electromagnetic waves and heat dissipation was proposed, where the passive layer blocks electromagnetic waves radiated from an external electronic device or prevents electromagnetic waves generated in an electronic device from emitting to the outside.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a passive layer including graphene for the attenuation of near-field electromagnetic waves and heat dissipation. The passive layer blocks electromagnetic waves radiated from an external electronic device or prevents electromagnetic waves generated in an electronic device from emitting to the outside. The passive layer is designed to reduce interference between transmission circuits of a device in the near-field region or influence such as malfunction caused by external electromagnetic waves. The present invention also relates to an electromagnetic device and a circuit board, each including the passive layer.

01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: This dissertation work investigates the numerical method for solving Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) problems involving electrically large and complex platform by proposing a Multi-Solver Domain Decomposition Method (MSDDM), which hybridizes the strength of PDE based methods and IE methods.
Abstract: This dissertation work investigates the numerical method for solving Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) problems involving electrically large and complex platform. Numerical simulation of the antenna couplings on the aircraft is of great interest in EMC community. Conventional Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) solvers suffer inefficiency and inflexibility in modelling this kind of problems. One of the challenges comes from the multi-scale physics in the geometry containing both electrically large platform and antennas with electrically small structures. Also, using conventional CEM solvers, the user may have the dilemma of choosing between the Partial Differential Equation (PDE) based methods , like Finite Element Method (FEM), which are convenient and accurate in modelling complex materials but requires volume mesh, and Integral Equation (IE) based methods, which only require surface discretization but are not convenient in modelling antennas with complex materials. In this dissertation, a Multi-Solver Domain Decomposition Method (MSDDM) has been proposed to model the problems with electrically large and complex structures. Using MSDDM, the problem of antenna coupling can be decomposed into antenna sub-domains and platform sub-domains, for which different CEM solvers can be applied. This gives an efficient way to precondition the global system. It hybridizes the strength of PDE based methods and IE methods. Also, the CEM solvers in MSDDM

Proceedings ArticleDOI
Vesna Javor1
12 Nov 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a new function is presented for representation of multi-peaked currents of lightning strokes, which is useful for calculations of lightning electromagnetic field at a lossy ground.
Abstract: A new function is presented in this paper for representation of multi-peaked currents of lightning strokes. Experimentally measured lightning channel-base currents often have a few emphasized peaks. If such currents are approximated with a suitable analytical function, having analytical integral and derivative, lightning electromagnetic field is calculated based on some engineering, electromagnetic or other model of lightning strokes. For the function presented in this paper and two engineering models with new attenuation factors, calculated field results at different distances from the channel base are in better agreement with measurements. Analytically obtained Fourier transform of this function is useful for calculations of lightning electromagnetic field at a lossy ground.

Patent
24 Oct 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-adaption scanning device with electromagnetic compatibility for a near-field test, which consists of a hardware system and a scanning control software system, was presented.
Abstract: The invention relates to a self-adaption scanning device with electromagnetic compatibility for a near-field test, which consists of a hardware system and a scanning control software system. The hardware system comprises a computer, a spectrum analyzer, a GPIB card for communication between the computer and the spectrum analyzer, a set of near-field probe and pre-amplifier, a control circuit witha single-chip computer as the core, a USB serial cable for connection of the computer and the control circuit, two sets of stepper motor and matching transmission devices and also a three-dimensionalmechanical scanning platform; the scanning control software system comprises a communication program between the computer and the spectrum analyzer, a serial communication program between the computer and the single-chip computer, a driving program for the single-chip computer to control the stepper motor, a program for analysis and display of data and a user-oriented human-computer interaction interface program. The invention has the advantages of scientific concept and novel structure, improves the scanning efficiency and the data accuracy, and has high practical value and broad applicationprospects in the field of testing of the near field with electromagnetic compatibility.

Book
30 Jun 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the specific problems of electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements in the near field and to the analysis of the main factors which impede accuracy in these measurements.
Abstract: This book is devoted to the specific problems of electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements in the near field and to the analysis of the main factors which impede accuracy in these measurements. It focuses on careful and accurate design of systems to measure in the near field, based on a thorough understanding of the fundamental engineering principles and on an analysis of the likely system errors. Beginning with a short introduction to electromagnetic fields with an emphasis on the near field, it then presents methods of EMF measurements in near field conditions. It details the factors limiting measurement accuracy including internal ones (thermal stability, frequency response, dynamic characteristics, susceptibility) and external ones (field integration, mutual couplings between a probe and primary and secondary EMF sources, directional pattern deformations). It continues with a discussion on how to gauge the parameters declared by an EMF meter manufacturer and simple methods for testing these parameters. It also details how designers of measuring equipment can reconsider the near field when designing and testing, as well as how users can exploit the knowledge within the book to ensure their tests and results contain the most accurate measurements possible. The SciTech Publishing Series on Electromagnetic Compatibility provides a continuously growing body of knowledge in the latest development and best practices in electromagnetic compatibility engineering. This series provides specialist and non-specialist professionals and students practical knowledge that is thoroughly grounded in relevant theory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, analytical solutions of response functions for rectangular resonators are investigated in time domain, focusing on the study of electromagnetic field coupling to a 3D cavity through a small circular aperture.
Abstract: In this paper, analytical solutions of response functions for rectangular resonators are investigated in time domain. Emphasis is placed on the study of electromagnetic field coupling to a 3-D cavity through a small circular aperture. The time-dependent parts of the resulting modal Green's functions exhibit typical behavior that is inherent in all resonating/oscillating linear physical systems: namely, they fulfill oscillating ordinary differential equations at any point of the considered resonator. Their solutions contain transient and steady-state parts. The transient parts of the response functions will become important for electromagnetic compatibility tests in particular of modern digital high-speed electronics.

Patent
24 Oct 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a fast electromagnetic compatibility test and diagnosis system with quantization electromagnetic interference is described, in which the receiving antenna of the system is arranged on a frequency spectrum tester, a chuck end of a current probe is clamped on a cable through which tested objects are connected, and the other end of the probe is connected on the frequency spectrum Tester which is connected with a computer.
Abstract: The invention discloses a fast electromagnetic compatibility test and diagnosis system with quantization electromagnetic interference A receiving antenna of the system is arranged on a frequency spectrum tester, a chuck end of a current probe is clamped on a cable through which tested objects are connected, the other end of the current probe is connected on the frequency spectrum tester which is connected with a computer; and the computer is internally provided with a fast electromagnetic compatibility test and diagnosis unit The fast electromagnetic compatibility test and diagnosis unit is used for fast testing the electromagnetic-transmitted frequency spectrum of the tested objected on site, conducting analysis and diagnosis to the electromagnetic-transmitted frequency spectrum, and judging whether the electromagnetic transmission characteristic exceeds a standard limit value or has abnormality The fast electromagnetic compatibility test and diagnosis system has important meaning on solving the electromagnetic compatibility problem and monitoring and evaluating the electromagnetic environment

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2012
TL;DR: It can be proved that the total interference incurred by a statistical node can be diminished in two ways: either by using directional antennas or by setting an upper limit on the duty cycle of each network node.
Abstract: Network spanning algorithms, such as ZigBee-native and Stojmenovic, constitute a crucial element in the wireless sensor network design, by determining its potential for reliability and fault-tolerance. The interconnections between nodes have a great impact on the radio interference level present in such a network and may create a serious electromagnetic compatibility issue in some cases. It can be proved that the total interference incurred by a statistical node can be diminished in two ways: either by using directional antennas or by setting an upper limit on the duty cycle of each network node. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
10 Jun 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a grid simulator that provides controllability of the impedance, voltage, harmonics and frequency at the ac interconnection of several DG units using a back-to-back VSC topology.
Abstract: A grid simulator is required to have control over the key grid characteristics that may expose system compatibility problems related to the integration of distributed generation (DG) to the ac grid. This paper presents the development of a grid simulator that provides controllability of the impedance, voltage, harmonics and frequency at the ac interconnection of several DG units. In the implementation of the grid simulator using a back-to-back VSC topology, resolving problems of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are essential to yield a reliable and safe grid simulator operation. Various experimental measurements are presented to verify the grid simulator control system and its electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter design.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
25 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the Mosfet transistor choice on the conducted electromagnetic interferences emitted by static converters circuits is investigated, and a design methodology is proposed to assist the power electronics circuit designer in the choice of the active components with the purpose of reducing the electromagnetic disturbances.
Abstract: The phase of virtual prototyping, which is usually based on a whole of numerical simulations of the system, requires today to have thin suitable models. These models must take in account the real behavior of the systems under various physical constraints (thermal, electromagnetic...). Particularly, in this work, we are interested to the study of the effect of the Mosfet transistor choice on the conducted electromagnetic interferences emitted by static converters circuits. The objective of this work is to propose a new design methodology which will permit to assist the power electronics circuit designer in the choice of the active components with the purpose of reducing the electromagnetic disturbances.

Journal ArticleDOI
Andrea Cozza1
TL;DR: The proposed alternative technique, named time-reversal electromagnetic chamber (TREC) is introduced and studied by means of a formal theoretical analysis, showing how a reverberation chamber supporting a diffused-field condition can be operated as a generator of deterministic pulsed wavefronts.
Abstract: A generalized time-reversal (TR) technique for the generation of coherent wavefronts within complex media is presented in this paper. Although completely general, this method is primarily considered for testing purposes herein, where an equipment under test is submitted to a series of impinging wavefronts with varying features. Electromagnetic compatibility, antenna testing as well as telecommunications facilities where complex-wavefront schemes (e.g., multi-path configurations) are required, could benefit from the proposed approach. The main advantages and limitations of current standard TR approaches are reviewed in this respect, exposing their inadequacy for this particular context. The proposed alternative technique, named time-reversal electromagnetic chamber (TREC) is introduced and studied by means of a formal theoretical analysis, showing how a reverberation chamber (RC) supporting a diffused-field condition can be operated as a generator of deterministic pulsed wavefronts. The TREC is demonstrated to be capable of generating arbitrary wavefronts with a remarkable accuracy, allowing to revisit the RC as a deterministic facility: the main advantages of RCs and anechoic ones are merged, leading to a new facility capable of potentially generating in real-time pulsed wavefronts while using low input energies, without requiring neither mechanical displacements nor any special features of the sources.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
13 May 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the modeling of an EMI receiver and present an implementation with short computation time, which is verified with various test signals, including electromagnetic interference receivers (EMI Receivers).
Abstract: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards generally limit the electromagnetic emission (EME) of products, e.g. assembled in a vehicle. The compliance to EME standards is verified by emission measurements using a defined test setup including electromagnetic interference receivers (EMI Receivers). Integrated circuits undergo extensive simulations before they are actually produced. More and more, the electromagnetic emission are also considered and simulated during the product design phase. Consequently, the behaviors of all components that are required for an EMC test have to be included in the simulation. This paper investigates the modeling of an EMI receiver and presents an implementation with short computation time. The model is verified with various test signals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a reverberation chamber (RC) is used in combination with the time reversal (TR) technique to measure ultra wide band (UWB) antenna efficiency with simple operation all over the frequency band.
Abstract: The time reversal (TR) technique is applied in a reverberation chamber (RC) to perform an analysis of antenna efficiency. RC are mainly used for electromagnetic compatibility measurements. They provide through a stirring process the total radiated power from any electromagnetic source placed inside these overmoded cavities with a reasonable statistical uncertainty. Performances of TR techniques also increase with the number of modes or path densities, inherently high in RCs. In this paper, we show how a RC may be used in combination with the TR technique to measure ultra wide band (UWB) antenna efficiency with simple operation all over the frequency band. Principles of this new method called time reversal efficiency measurement (TREM) are provided together with experimental validations. Results are discussed and compared with simulations or other measurement methods.

Patent
02 May 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a method for verifying radiation electromagnetic compatibility of an electric propulsion system and a satellite is proposed, which is low in cost, convenient in operation and easy in realization.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for verifying radiation electromagnetic compatibility of an electric propulsion system and a satellite. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, testing radiation interference of the electric propulsion system connected with an ion thruster by an EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) test receiver; replacing the ion thruster with an ion thruster simulated load; testing the radiation interference of the electric propulsion system connected with the ion thruster simulated load, while ensuring that the interference generated by the electric propulsion system connected with the ion thruster simulated load is less than the interference generated by the electric propulsion system connected with the ion thruster in a full-frequency band; mounting the electric propulsion system connected with the ion thruster simulated load on a satellite; carrying the satellite into a darkroom; using an EMC interference emitter to simulate the tested radiation interference of the electric propulsion system connected with the ion thruster; sending the interference to the satellite; and performing performance test on each device of the satellite and judging whether the devices are interfered, thereby verifying the radiation electromagnetic compatibility of the electric propulsion system and the satellite. The method provided by the invention is low in cost, convenient in operation and easy in realization.