Showing papers on "Elementary particle published in 1971"
TL;DR: In this article, the renormalization-group method of Gell-Mann and Low is applied to field theories of strong interactions, and the e+−e− annihilation experiments above 1-GeV energy may distinguish a fixed point from a limit cycle or other asymptotic behavior.
Abstract: The renormalization-group method of Gell-Mann and Low is applied to field theories of strong interactions. It is assumed that renormalization-group equations exist for strong interactions which involve one or several momentum-dependent coupling constants. The further assumption that these coupling constants approach fixed values as the momentum goes to infinity is discussed in detail. However, an alternative is suggested, namely, that these coupling constants approach a limit cycle in the limit of large momenta. Some results of this paper are: (1) The e+−e− annihilation experiments above 1-GeV energy may distinguish a fixed point from a limit cycle or other asymptotic behavior. (2) If electrodynamics or weak interactions become strong above some large momentum Λ, then the renormalization group can be used (in principle) to determine the renormalized coupling constants of strong interactions, except for U(3)×U(3) symmetry-breaking parameters. (3) Mass terms in the Lagrangian of strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions must break a symmetry of the combined interactions with zero mass. (4) The ΔI=12 rule in nonleptonic weak interactions can be understood assuming only that a renormalization group exists for strong interactions.
361 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Feynman's parton model for deep inelastic weak or electromagnetic processes is discussed as an application of the impulse approximation to elementary particle interactions. And the conjectured role of light cone singularities in describing this and the other deepinelastic amplitudes is also discussed.
317 citations
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TL;DR: A survey of results on analyticity and asymptotic growth that follow from axiomatic quantum field theory is given in this article, with a discussion of the Pomeranchuk theorem and of experimental and theoretical results that would hold if it were violated.
Abstract: This review gives a survey of the following topics: (i) results on analyticity and asymptotic growth that follow from axiomatic quantum field theory, (ii) bounds and inequalities involving cross sections at high energies, (iii) theorems and relations between cross sections requiring special assumptions, and (iv) a discussion of the Pomeranchuk theorem and of experimental and theoretical results that would hold if it were violated.
73 citations
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34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of final-state interactions between two-body systems and three-body forces, including off-the-energy shell transitions and quasi-free scattering.
Abstract: Final-state interactions are common ground between nuclear and particle physics. They are fruitful because they enable us to infer properties of two (or more)-body systems, or very short-lived `particles' which are otherwise impossible to reach. There are of course numerous difficulties associated with their study, both experimental and theoretical, but considerable understanding has been accomplished in recent years and a survey is presented here. The study of these interactions is also related further to interesting aspects of the two-body interaction not obtainable through elastic scattering, like off-the-energy shell transitions, aspects of quasi-free scattering, and specific three-body effects, such as three-body forces.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that it is not possible to assume that both the N -particle inlusive cross-sections and the two-body elastic cross-section are dominated by the exchange of an isolated, factorizable Pomeron.
TL;DR: The concept of Lorentz-invariant classical elementary particle is made precise and it is found that there are exactly two families: (0) the well-known free point-particles distinguished only by their masses and (+) a family with eight-dimensional phase space whose members are distinguished either by their mass or their positive spin this paper.
Abstract: The concept of Lorentz-invariant classical elementary particle is made precise and it is found that there are exactly two families: (0) the well-known free point-particles distinguished only by their masses and (+) a family with eight-dimensional phase space whose members are distinguished either by their mass or their positive spin.
TL;DR: In this article, sum rules for n -particle distributions are obtained resulting from energy-momentum conservation, which imply an average limiting behavior for single particle distributions and average factorization for n-particle distribution.
CERN1
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the exchange of poles has been investigated in the context of low-energy sources in the field of energy conservation, and the results showed that the number of poles can decrease with a decrease in the energy efficiency.
Abstract: I t is well k n o w n t h a t inc lus ive d i s t r i b u t i o n s (~) can be e x p a n d e d (~7) in c e r t a i n a s y m p t o t i c l imi t s in t e r m s of Reggeon c o n t r i b u t i o n s , or, more exac t ly , in t e r m s of Lorcu tz -po le con t r i bu t i ons . In p rev ious pape r s (7.s), wc h a v e r e m a r k e d t h a t a z i m u t h a l cor re la t ions in twopar t i c le inc lus ive d i s t r i b u t i o n s can ar ise f rom the exchange of L o r e n t z poles (or cuts) w i t h M~> 1 (~), or also f rom t h e n o n l e a d i n g p a r t of the c o n t r i b u t i o n of L o r e n t z poles w i t h M = 0. As possible L o r e n t z p()le~ w i t h M~> I a re t h o u g h t to h a v e a r a t h e r low ir~tercept, t he n o n l e a d i n g pomerolL c o n t r i b u t i o n s c0llld well be, ilx ce r t a in k i n e m a t i c a l condi t ions , t h e mos t r e l e v a n t source of a z i m u t h a l cor re la t ions . In ref. (s) we cons idcred t he special case in w h i c h b o t h t he o b s e r v e d par t ic les arc in t h e p ion iza t ion region. T he first n o n l c a d i n g p o m e r o n c o n t r i b u t i o n , w h i c h is prop o r t i o n a l to t h e cosine of t he r e l a t ive a z i m u t h a l ang le ~ , was expressed in a s imple way in t e r m s of a d e r i v a t i v e of t h e l ead ing t e rm, w h i c h is d i r ec t ly c o n n e c t e d w i t h t he r a t h e r we l l -known t r a n s v e r s e m o m e n t u m d i s t r i bu t ion . T h e a im of t h e p r e s e n t p a p e r is to e x t e n d the se ideas , re leas ing t h e c o n d i t i o n t h a t the obse rved par t ic lcs are in t he p ion iza t ion region, in o rde r to p e r m i t t he t r e a t m e n t of processes a t a lower t o t a l energy . Our i nves t i ga t i on is based on t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t the po lne ron is essen t ia l ly a L o r e n t z pole w i t h fac to r ized res idue. T he effect of cuts nea r t h e p o m e r o n pole has been s tud ied in ref. (~o), whe re i t was sugges ted t h a t t h e y could give r ise to a z i m u t h a l corre la t ions . These effects shou ld decrease m u c h more slowly t h a n t h e ones we are cons ider ing for inc reas ing re l a t ive r a p i d i t y of t he obse rved par t ic les . In ref. (s) we h a v e
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-body model suitable for the investigation of compound, quasi-compound and potential resonances is presented, and exact solution of the model based on Faddeev's method is discussed.
Abstract: A three-body model suitable for the investigation of compound, quasi-compound and potential resonances is presented. The exact solution of the model based on Faddeev's method is discussed. Numerical calculations are performed for negative total energy.
TL;DR: Bethe-Heitler cross-sections for electron bremsstrahlung and pair production in the field of a target particle of arbitrary spin are obtained, including recoil effects as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Bethe-Heitler cross-sections for electron bremsstrahlung and pair production in the field of a target particle of arbitrary spin are obtained, including recoil effects. Formulae for extreme relativistic energies are obtained as special cases. A formula for symmetric pair production, valid for all energies and emission angles, is given. Inelastic target processes are included in a straightforward manner.
TL;DR: In this article, the second-order effects produced by electrostatic correlation of one particle orbital interactions are formally written in terms of the symmetrized operators and the calculation of the matrix elements is discussed together with its relationship to the problem of calculating isoscalar factors.
Abstract: Two particle orbital operators having well-defined transformation properties under the quasi-spin group and the rotational group R5 are constructed. The second-order effects produced by electrostatic correlation of one particle orbital interactions are formally written in terms of the symmetrized operators. The calculation of the matrix elements is discussed together with its relationship to the problem of calculating isoscalar factors. The possible application to electric quadrupole hyperfine interactions is considered.