Showing papers on "Emancipation published in 1992"

On the Idea of Emancipation in Management and Organization Studies

Abstract: The article reconceptualizes the meaning of emancipation in management and organization studies and develops an approach that (a) takes into account recent criticism of its “totalizing” tendencies raised by post structuralists and (b) makes it more sensitive to the particularities of—and thereby more relevant for—management studies. The first part of the article reviews and discusses tendencies in critical theory toward negativism, essentialism, and intellectualism. The second part reformulates the grand enterprise of emancipation into a more modest project, scaled down in terms of scope and ambition. The third part discusses ways of advancing this protect in terms of listening, writing, and reading.

On Feminist Methodology

Abstract: There is now a considerable literature advocating a feminist methodology. This article summarises the features of such a methodology under four headings: the ubiquitous social significance of gender, the validity of experience as against method, the rejection of hierarchy in the research relationship, and the adoption of the emancipation of women as the goal of research and the criterion of validity. The arguments supporting each of these themes are assessed. The conclusion reached is that while some of these arguments are convincing the overall case for a feminist methodology is not.

Politics, Identification, and Subjectivization

Abstract: In a sense, the whole matter of my paper is involved in a preliminary question: In what language will it be uttered? Neither my language nor your language, but rather a dialect between French and English, a special one, a dialect that carries no identification with any group. No tribal dialect, no univeral language, only an in-between dialect, constructed for the aims of this discussion and guided by the idea that the activity of thinking is primarily an activity of translation, and that anyone is capable of making a translation. Underpinning this capacity for translation is the efficacy of equality, that is to say, the efficacy of humanity. I will move directly to the question that frames our discussion. I quote from the third point of the list of issues we were asked to address: "What is the political?" Briefly and roughly speaking, I would answer: the political is the encounter between two heterogeneous processes. The first process is that of governing, and it entails creating community consent, which relies on the distribution of shares and the hierarchy of places and functions. I shall call this process policy. The second process is that of equality. It consists of a set of practices guided by the supposition that everyone is equal and by the attempt to verify this supposition. The proper name for this set of practices remains emancipation. In spite of Lyotard's statements, I do not assume a necessary link between the idea of emancipation and the narrative of a universal wrong and a universal victim. It is true that the handling of a wrong remains the universal form for the meeting between the two processes of policy and equality. But we can question that encounter. We can argue, for example, that any policy denies equality and that there is no commensurability between the two processes. In my book The Ignorant Schoolmaster, I advocated the thesis of the French theorist of emancipation, Joseph Jacotot, according to whom emancipation can only be the intellectual emancipation of individuals. This means that there is no political stage, only the law of policy and the law of equality. In order for a political stage to occur, we must change that assumption. Thus, instead of arguing that

Beyond Equality and Difference : Citizenship, Feminist Politics and Female Subjectivity

Abstract: Book synopsis: Historically, as well as more recently, women's emancipation has been seen in two ways: sometimes as the `right to be equal' and sometimes as the `right to be different'. These views have often overlapped and interacted: in a variety of guises they have played an important role in both the development of ideas about women and feminism, and the works of political thinkers by no means primarily concerned with women's liberation. The chapters of this book deal primarily with the meaning and use of these two concepts in the context of gender relations (past and present), but also draw attention to their place in the understanding and analysis of other human relationships.

Predatory Rule: State and Civil Society in Africa

Abstract: Drawing the Map State, Sites, and Hegemony The Contradictions of Presidential Monarchism in Africa Civil Society, Emancipation and the Persistence of Hierarchies Civil Society and Democratic Uncertainties Economic Crisis and Adjustment - The Impact on the State and Civil Society in Africa.

Beyond Female Masochism: Memory-Work and Politics

Abstract: Frigga Haug, one of Germany's best-known feminist and Marxist critics, develops here a profound challenge both to women's oppression and to what she sees as women's 'collusion' in that oppression. Rejecting the essentialism of much feminist writing today, along with the denial of subjectivity that still permeates Marxism, Haug explores the connections between Marxist theory and the emancipation of women, a project which necessarily involves, as she explains, 'diverting a powerful and long-standing anger into detective work'. Under the headings of Socialization, Work and Politics, she combines the fruits of these investigations with the influential 'memory-work' she has pioneered with women's collectives, to throw startling new light on a wide range of themes and issues: personal ethics and public morality; daydreams, domesticity and consumerism; privatization, new technologies and the restructuring of the workplace; the evolution of women's politics in Germany; the future of socialist feminism in the wake of Communism's collapse. Above all, this is a book which strives to find new links between the micro-politics of daily life and the evolving structures of capitalism. 'If we could find out why and when our hopes for life were buried,' Haug argues, 'then we could try to take our history in our own hands.' Beyond Female Masochism provides the materials, and inspiration, to do just that.

Stories of Childhood: Shifting Agendas of Child Concern

Abstract: The authors of this book argue that science, no less than traditional wisdom, draws its knowledge of the child from the culture in which both are embedded. Far from providing "objective truths" about childhood, child concern disciplines covertly provide a mandate which continues to allow the adult world to treat the young as alien subjects - a state in which they remain disenfranchised and dehumanized. For the last two hundred years children have been caught up in these shifting sands of child-knowledge. "Stories of Childhood" examines alternative ways of understanding the young. In looking at the storied nature of childhood, the authors draw material not just from academic or professional sources, but also popular literature and the mass media. Placing the emphasis upon the language of child knowledge, they point to discourses not just of entrapment but also of emancipation - those which allow us to "deconstruct" our previously taken-for-granted understandings and to look afresh at both the practical and the analytic position of the child within the stories of childhood we tell. Only if positioned to confront doubts about the nature of childhood, contend Rex and Wendy Stainton Rogers, can we begin to reflect upon and change our conduct towards children.

Modern British Jewry

Abstract: An authoritative and comprehensive history of the Jews of Britain over the last century and a half, this book examines the social structure and economic base of Jewish communities in Victorian England and traces the struggle for emancipation. Alderman analyzes the effects of the large-scale immigration for the early twentieth century, and charts the development of the Zionist movement in Britain. Alderman takes his account up to the present day, exploring the concerns and self-image of contemporary Jewish communities in Britain and their place in an increasingly pluralist society. Based on a wealth of primary and secondary sources and written by a leading Jewish historian, Modern British Jewry is a political, social, and intellectual history of British Jews which is critical, scholarly and immensely readable.

Subject to Others: British Women Writers and Colonial Slavery, 1670-1834

Abstract: The abolitionist writing of white British women over two centuries helped to found a female political vanguard. At the same time, it constructed Africans as others, denied Africa and its people any authentic heterogeneity, and displaced anxieties about its authors' assumed powerlessness and inferiority onto its depictions of slaves. "Subject to Others" charts the emergence of a colonial discourse in this anti-slavery prose and poetry unlocking the customarily unheard and invisible resistances of slaves that resound in every text. Eurocentric constructions of Africans and slaves integral to these women's anti-slavery polemics meant that issues of race, gender, and class equality for freed African-Caribbean slaves did not appear in white British texts after emancipation. Ironically anti-slavery colonial discourse played a signifcant role in generating and consolidating 19th-century British imperialist and "domestic-racist" ideology. This book should be of interest to undergraduates and academics in literature, history, cultural studies and women's studies.

Radicalism and the Origins of the Vietnamese Revolution

Abstract: In the early years of the Vietnamese Revolution--the 1920s and 1930s--radicalism was the dominant force in anticolonial politics. The subsequent displacement of radicalism by communism, however, has obscured radicalism's role as a nonideological reaction to both colonial rule and native accommodation to that rule. Hue-Tam Ho Tai seeks to redress the influence of radicalism on this crucial point in Vietnamese history. She reveals a vibrant and explosive era of student strikes, debates on women's emancipation, revolt against the patriarchal family, and intellectual explorations of French and Chinese politics and thought. Making instructive use of literacy sources, archival materials, and the unpublished memoirs of her father, himself a participant in these events, Tai persuasively sets right the personalities and spirit of the Revolution--and the culture from which it emerged.

Freedom's Basis in the Indeterminate

Abstract: testimony of minorities within the geopolitical division of East/West, North/ South. These perspectives intervene in the ideological discourses of modernity that have attempted to give a hegemonic "normality" to the uneven development and the differential, often disadvantaged, histories of nations, races, communities, and peoples. Their critical revisions are formulated around issues of cultural difference, social authority, and political discrimination in order to reveal the antagonistic and ambivalent moments within the "rationalizations" of modernity. To assimilate Habermas to our purposes, we could also argue that the postcolonial project, at its most general theoretical level, seeks to explore those social pathologies-"loss of meaning, conditions of anomie"-that no longer simply "cluster around class antagonism, [but] break up into widely scattered historical contingencies."' These contingencies often provide the grounds of historical necessity for the elaboration of strategies of emancipation, for the staging of other social antagonisms. Reconstituting the discourse of cultural difference demands more than a simple change of cultural contents and symbols, for a replacement within the same representational time frame is never adequate. This reconstitution requires a radical revision of the social temporality in which emergent histories may be written: the rearticulation of the "sign" in which cultural identities may be inscribed. And contingency as the signifying time of counterhegemonic strategies is not a celebration of "lack" or "excess" or a self-perpetuating series of negative ontologies. Such "indeterminism" is the mark of the conflictual yet

A History of Barbados: From Amerindian Settlement to Nation-State

Abstract: This book is the first general history of Barbados written by a professional historian. Using a vigorous and unbiased approach to the collective experience of all the island's inhabitants, the author traces the events and ideas that shaped contemporary society. He examines the influences of the Amerindians, European colonisation, the sugar industry, the African slave trade, emancipation, the civil rights movement, independence and nationalism. Dr Beckles has blended an impressive quantity of primary research and published literature to produce an exciting and provocative history of this island state.

Slaves No More: Three Essays on Emancipation and the Civil War

Abstract: The three essays in this volume present an introduction and history of the emancipation of the slaves during the Civil War. The first essay traces the destruction of slavery by discussing the shift from a war for the Union to a war against slavery. The slaves are shown to have shaped the destiny of the nation through their determination to place their liberty on the wartime agenda. The second essay examines the evolution of freedom in occupied areas of the lower and upper South. The struggle of those freed to obtain economic independence in difficult wartime circumstances indicates conflicting conceptions of freedom among former slaves and slaveholders, Northern soldiers and civilians. The third essay demonstrates how the enlistment and military service of nearly 200,000 slaves hastened the transformation of the war into a struggle for universal liberty, and how this experience shaped the lives of these former slaves long after the war had ended.

Empancipations, Modern and Postmodern

Abstract: Emancipations, Modern and Postmodern - Jan Nederveen Pieterse Liberation or Meaning? Social Movements, Culture and Democracy - Alberto Melucci Marxism and the Darkness of History - Sudipta Kaviraj Marxism and the Problem of Violence - Bikhu Parekh Beyond Emancipation - Ernesto Laclau Democracy and Emancipatory Movements - David E Apter Notes for a Theory of Inversionary Discourse Subjectivity, Experience and Knowledge - Sandra Harding An Epistemology from/for Rainbow Coalition Politics The Feminist Movement in Latin America - Virginia Vargas Between Hope and Disenchantment Development and Women's Emancipation - Valentine M Moghadam Is There a Connection? The State and the Dialectics of Emancipation - Wim F Wertheim Theories of Development and Politics of the Post-Modern - Exploring a Border Zone - David Slater

Science, Development and Violence: The Revolt Against Modernity

Abstract: The idea of "development", especially in the last few decades, has been closely identified with progress, modernity and emancipation. It has also acquired an aura of indisputable inexorability. This treatise on the environment argues that this view is misleading, and that development is often a label masking plunder and violence. The author illustrates his arguments with numerous case studies concerning the "wrong" kinds of development, and proposes many viable alternatives to such forms of progress.

The Rise of Public Woman: Woman's Power and Woman's Place in the United States, 1630-1970

Abstract: This richly woven history ranges from the seventeenth century to the present as it masterfully traces the movement of American women out of the home and into the public sphere. Matthews examines the Revolutionary War period, when women exercised political strength through the boycott of household goods and Elizabeth Freeman successfully sued for freedom from enslavement in one of the two cases that ended slavery in Massachusetts. She follows the expansion of the country west, where a developing frontier attracted strong, resourceful women, and into the growing cities, where women entered public life through employment in factories and offices. Matthews illuminates the contributions of such outstanding Civil War women as Mary Ann "Mother" Bickerdyke, who supervised a cattle drive down the banks of the Mississippi so that soldiers would have fresh milk; Clara Barton, whose humanitarian work on behalf of the International Red Cross led her to become the first American woman to serve as official representative of the federal government; and Sojourner Truth, the impassioned black orator who devoted herself to emancipation. And Matthews brings the narrative to the 1970s, detailing the growing presence of women in American politics-from the suffrage marches of the early twentieth century, to the courageous stands women took during the civil rights movement of the 1960s. A fascinating and perceptive look at women throughout our history, The Rise of Public Woman offers an important perspective on the changing public role of women in the United States.

Black Political Protest in São Paulo, 1888–1988*

Abstract: Beginning with Brazil's origins as a nation, and continuing to the present, the relationship between race and politics in that country has been a close and integral one. Portuguese state policy made black slavery the very foundation of Brazil's social and economic order during three centuries of colonial rule. That foundation remained in place even after independence, with the paradoxical result that Brazil became ‘the last Christian country to abolish slavery, and the first to declare itself a racial democracy’. Indeed, perhaps nowhere is the connection between race and politics in Brazil more evident than in the concept of ‘racial democracy’, which characterises race relations in that country in explicitly political terminology.This article explores some of the connections between race and politics in Brazil by examining four moments in the history of black political mobilisation in that country. Geographically, it focuses on the south-eastern state of Sao Paulo, which by the time of emancipation, in 1888, housed the third-largest slave population in Brazil (after neighbouring Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro), and which has formed a centre of black political action from the 1880s through to the present. Chronologically, it focuses on: the struggle for the final abolition of slavery in the 1880s; the rise and fall of the Frente Negra Brasileira in the 1930s; the black organisations of the Second Republic; and the most recent wave of black protest, from the mid-1970s to 1988.The purpose of such an exercise is twofold. First, placing these moments of black mobilisation in a century-long time-frame makes it possible for us to see them not as isolated episodes, but as chapters in a long-term, ongoing history of black protest and struggle in Brazil.

Economic Democracy: A Worthy Socialism That Would Really Work

Abstract: MARXISTS ways have been. We all remember Marx's polemic against Proudhon, the Manifesto's critique of "historical action [yielding] to personal inventive action, historically created conditions of emancipation to fantastic ones, and the gradual spontaneous class organizations of the proletariat to an organization of society specially contrived by these inventors'* (Marx and Engels, 1986, 64), and the numerous other occasions when the fathers of "scientific socialism" went after the "Utopians." In general this Marxian aversion to drawing up blueprints has been healthy, fueled at least in part by a respect for the concrete specificity of the revolutionary situation and for the agents engaged in revolutionary activity: it is not the business of Marxist intellectuals to tell the agents of revolution how they are to construct their postrevolutionary economy. Yet the historical dialectic is a funny thing: virtues sometimes turn into vices, and vice versa. At this particular historical moment, the skeptical aversion to blueprints is out of place. Such is my contention. At this present historical conjuncture, we need a "blueprint" a theoretical model of a viable, desirable socialism. It is no secret that the long-standing argument that socialism cannot work has been given a powerful boost by the recent and still unfolding events in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Indeed, the breadth and depth of the anti-socialist, pro-capitalist feelings among those who have lived or are still living under "actually existing socialism" cannot but be disturbing, even to those of us who have long been critical of that brand of socialism. It seems

Anti-Racism in U.S. History: The First Two Hundred Years

Abstract: Introduction Anti-Racism: Denial and Distortion Questioning Racism's Pervasiveness Anti-Racism's Presence: Examples from the Literature Sexual Relations Rejecting Racism by Joint Struggle GREgoire, Banneker, and Jeffersonianism "Inferiority" and Poets, Preachers, and Teachers "Inferiority" and Entrepreneurs, Seamen, and Cowboys From Egypt to Philosophes to Quakers The American and French Revolutions The Republic's Early Years The New Century's Youth Lane Rebels and Black Rebels Abolitionism and Racism Immortals of Literature and Martyrs for Freedom From Liberty Party to Republican Party The Crisis Decade The Civil War and Emancipation Bibliographic Comment Index

The Utopianism of the Zhenotdel

Abstract: the utopianism that thrived within the ranks of the Comnmunist Party. The women who worked in the Zhenotdel, the Commnunist Party's Department for Work among Women Workers and Peasants, crafted fromn the marxist analysis of womnen's emancipation a vision of a socialist future and the means to achieve it that divergecl in significant ways from those articulated by the Party's male leaders. During the civil war years these differences caused the zhenotdelovki no difficulties, for the party leadership concentrated on military matters and left utopians free to experiment with the creation of a new society. In this atmnosphere, the women of the Zhenotdel freely professed their vision. Once NEP began, however, the chiliastic climate of war- comminunismn gave way to a new, more settled atmosphere in which the Zhenotdel's -Ltopianism came under critical scrutiny. The brief history of Zhenotdel

Russia in the Age of Reaction and Reform 1801-1881

Abstract: 1.The enigmatic Tsar, his friends, and his inheritance. 2. Russia and the Napoleonic wars constitutions, congresses and classes under Alexander I. 3. The Decembrist Movement. 4. The administrative and social policy of Nicholas I. 5. The emergence of the Russian intelligentsia the Russian bear. 6. The politics of emancipation in the wake of emancipation. 7. Russia and Europe populism.

The French Revolution and the birth of modernity

Abstract: Written from widely different perspectives, these essays characterize the Great Revolution as the dawn of the modern age, the grand narrative of modernity. The scope of issues under scrutiny is extremely broad, ranging from the analyses of the hotly debated class character of 1789 and the problem of the nation state to the "Cult of the Supreme Being," the emancipation of the Jews, and the cultural heritage of the Revolution.

From Slavery to Agrarian Capitalism in the Cotton Plantation South: Central Georgia, 1800-1880

Abstract: Reidy has produced one of the most thoughtful treatments to date of a critical moment in southern history, placing the social transformation of the South in the context of 'the age of capital' and the changes in the markets, ideologies, etc. of the Atlantic world system. Better than anyone perhaps, Reidy has elaborated both the large and small narratives of this development, connecting global forces with the initiatives and reactions of ordinary southerners, black and white.""--Thomas C. Holt, University of Chicago ""Joseph Reidy's detailed analysis of social and economic developments in central Georgia during and after slavery will take its place among the standard works on these subjects. Its discussions of the expansion of the cotton kingdom and of the changes after emancipation make it necessary reading for all concerned with southern and African-American history.""--Stanley Engerman, University of Rochester ""Successfully places the experience of one region's people into the larger theoretical context of world capitalist development and in the process challenges other scholars to do the same.""-- Rural Sociology

Dividing Public and Private: Law, Politics, and Social Theory

Abstract: Preface Introduction Karl Marx Emancipation and the Public/Private Division A Tale of Two Publics Emile Durkheim Constructing the Private Sphere through Corporate Holism Suicide, The Corporate Individual, and Gender Dividing Public and Private: Corporatist Law and Politics Max Weber Public and Private as Dichotomy: Methodological Condition and Political Dilemma Public Rationalities: Discontinuities and Conflicts Talcott Parsons Socializing the Public/Private Division in Action Theory The Weakening of Tensions Fusion and Societal Autonomy: The Public/Private Division and Adaptive Culture Conclusion A Social Affirmation of Public/Private Division Bibliography Index