Showing papers on "Emancipation published in 1993"

Dialectic: The Pulse of Freedom

Abstract: This book attacks purely analytical modes of thinking. Bhaskar develops a critical realist philosophy, which isolates the definition of being in terms of knowledge as the characteristic flaw of traditional philosophy. He conceives a "transformational" model of society and sees social science as explanatory, and therefore of assistance to political projects of emancipation. Concerned to bridge the gap between philosophy and politics, "Dialectic" argues that critical realism provides the basis of a completely new and general methodology for the human sciences. This book also contains an account of the history of Western philosophy, from its pre-Socratic origins to its contemporary post-modernist forms.

Cinderella Goes to Market: Citizenship, Gender, and Women's Movements in East Central Europe

Abstract: With the collapse of state socialism, women in Eastern and Central Europe are now faced with more than the double burden of paid and domestic labor. Soaring unemployment is driving women out of the workplace, and nationalist ideologues are urging them to reassume their “primary responsibility”—to produce babies for the nation. Lack of childcare and attacks upon abortion rights are narrowing choices. Can these issues provide the catalyst for transforming the embryonic women’s groups into something like a mass women’s movement? Or will the current allergy to feminism prevail? Many women now claim to have suffered from “too much emancipation” under socialism, and are seeking what they see as new forms of freedom in femininity and maternity. Barbara Einhorn’s timely account of women’s position before and after the demise of state socialism in Eastern Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary shows how the issues of gender are today at the heart of potentially explosive processes of social and political transformation. Her book provides incisive sociological, economic and political analysis, along with perceptive commentary on the ways in which the changes in women’s daily lives are being represented in literature and in the media.

Gender Politics and Post-Communism: Reflections from Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

Abstract: The essays about womens status in Eastern European countries and some independent states of the former USSR focuses on the post-communist era and gender politics. Social and economic changes in these countries reflect quite different experiences from Western notions and are shaped by philosophical cultural as well as political and economic contexts. The Eastern and Central European changes are all encompassing and are directed to specific issues such as the equality of women. The views in this book reflect the influences of Western feminist thinking (acceptance rejection or transformation). Differences in terminology are an important source of misunderstanding. The organization by country highlights the enormous cultural and historical differences in conflicts between the system and social integration in the presence or absence of social and political persons or groups in the strategies used to control womens bodies and in the extent of womens organization. Women do not suddenly become liberated due to the recent changes to market driven economies and more democratic orders. Womens groups were organized during the 1970s and 1980s in the German Democratic Republic the former Yugoslavia and some former Soviet Republics. Neoconservatism began long before the 1980s. In Hungary Czechoslovakia and the Slovak Republics and the former USSR value systems are in conflict. In Yugoslavia there was moral confusion under the old regime. In 1989 even time has taken on new meaning in the former Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. The state versus the family has been the focus of discussion rather the Western notion of private versus public. No feminist philosophy is possible under the constructed ideology of state socialism and its emphasis on holistic and collectivist thinking. Liberation is in terms of class struggle and paid employment. State interpretations of equality have to be broken down. Individuals and individual rights are subsumed; many ideas reflect hostility toward women. Western feminism is suspect as another "ism." "Patriarchal emancipation helps create the triple burden on women."

The emancipation of women : an African perspective

Abstract: piety, and urban needs for cash have aroused the curiosity of scholars of African women for a long time. Research in the 1970s pointed the way and we now have available a whole range of studies (p. 18), with a wealth of detail, documenting just how active, productive and necessary the income-generating activities of Hausa women are, both for their own well-being and that of their families. This new focus on Hausa women's work, how to measure and quantify it, how to bring it from the obscurity of the informal sector, parallels recent research done on Muslim women of other countries, especially of Egypt and the Middle East. The chapters dealing with women and expressive culture contain their share of fresh developments on old themes as well. Nicole Echard in particular stresses that women's participation in bori (spirit possession) cults may have seemed to earlier investigators to be a reversal of Hausa female subordination. A more careful analysis reveals that men and male spirits are still the dominant figures in both the spirit world and the human realm although women are the majority of participants in these cults. Echard concludes that patriarchy is more insidious than is often realized, and one is left to wonder if she means Hausa patriarchy or that of Western scholarship. The inclusion of two Hausa authors—Bilkisu Yusuf, a journalist, and Ayesha M. Imam, a sociologist—provides diversity in the contributors, insight into the minds of women coping with 20th century Hausa reality and, most importantly, a forum for the voices of African women. Their chapters have a conviction and an urgency that give them an added dimension beyond academic observation and theory. The book is intriguing in its fresh insights and a welcome addition to the literature on African Muslim women. Further comparisons to other societies, such as in East Africa, would be another welcome addition. This collection is appropriate for classroom use in conjunction with other texts for courses focusing on women in Africa, in urban Muslim societies, in developing countries and in cross-cultural perspective.

Profits, Priests, and Princes: Adam Smith’s Emancipation of Economics from Politics and Religion

Abstract: In launching modern economics, Adam Smith paved the way for laissez-faire capitalism, Marxism, and contemporary social science. This book scrutinizes Smith's disparagement of politics and religion to illuminate the subtlety of his rhetoric, the depth of his thought, and the ultimate shortcomings of his project. The author analyzes Smith's ideas on government, justice, human psychology, and international relations, stressing Smith's efforts to elevate wealth at the expense of citizenship and to replace normative political philosophy with historical theorizing and empirical modeling that emphasize economic causes. The book also provides the most comprehensive interpretation available of Smith's views on religion, examining the discrepancies between The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments. The concluding chapter appraises the demise of communism in light of the Marxian emancipation of economics from politics and religion.

Gender and history in Yeats's love poetry

Abstract: In this, the first sustained feminist analysis of Yeats, Elizabeth Butler Cullingford resituates his love poems in their cultural and historical context. Yeats himself said that when he started to write verse, "no matter how I begin, it becomes love poetry." Cullingford argues that the politics of sexuality are at the heart of his creative enterprise. From the early lyrics prompted by his frustrated love for Maud Gonne through later works such as "Leda and the Swan, " "Among School Children, " and the Crazy Jane sequence, she traces the complex intersections between history, aesthetics, and desire. Cullingford shows how women's demand for emancipation brought pressure to bear on the conventions of love poetry, which idealize woman as an aesthetic object; and how Yeats's revision of these formal conventions modifies his idea of the Irish nation, which has traditionally been represented as female. Yeats described himself as "a man of my time, through my poetical faculty living its history": his love poetry bears the impress of the shifting balance of sexual power and the struggle to define a postcolonial Irish identity.

Assimilation and community : the Jews in nineteenth-century Europe

Abstract: Preface 1. Assimilation and the Jews in nineteenth-century Europe: towards a new historiography? Jonathan Frankel 2. Jewish emancipationists in Victorian England: self-imposed limits to assimilation Israel Finestein 3. German Jews in Victorian England: a study in drift and defection Todd M. Endelman 4. Israelite and Jew: how did nineteenth-century French Jews understand assimilation? Phyllis Cohen Albert 5. The social contexts of assimilation: village Jews and city Jews in Alsace Paula E. Hyman 6. Nostalgia and 'return to the ghetto': a cultural phenomenon in Western and Central Europe Richard I. Cohen 7. Jewry in the modern period: the role of the 'rising class' in the politicization of Jews in Europe Michael Graetz 8. The impact of emancipation on German Jewry: a reconsideration David Sorkin 9. Gender and Jewish history in Imperial Germany Marion A. Kaplan 10. Jewish assimilation in Habsburg Vienna Marsha L. Rozenblit 11. The social vision of Bohemian Jews: intellectuals and community in the 1840s Hillel Kieval 12. The entrance of Jews into Hungarian society in Vormarz: the case of the 'casinos' Michael K. Silber 13. Modernity without emancipation or assimilation? the case of Russian Jewry Eli Lederhendler 14. Ahad Ha'am and the politics of assimilation Steven J. Zipperstein Index.

Rethinking Critical Theory: Emancipation in the Age of Global Social Movements

Abstract: Introduction Marx, Critical Theory and Social Movements PART ONE Authority and Tradition From Praxis to Communication Communication and Evolution Social Movements and the Lifeworld PART TWO Introduction Legitimation in Peripheral States The Crisis of State Socialism Islamic Jacobins State, 'Race' and Regulation Conclusion Modernity's Unfinished Business

Public Life, Private Virtues: Women in Russian Charity, 1762-1914

Abstract: Etude sur l'engagement des femmes russes durant la periode imperialiste (1762-1914) dans des activites de charite. Comment ces activites ont constitue la possibilite pour ces femmes de participer a la vie publique et politique de leur pays et d'y jouer un role

Peasant Icons: Representations of Rural People in Late Nineteenth-Century Russia

Abstract: Frierson's study examines the revealing images of the peasant created by Russian writers, scholars, journalists, and government officials in the twenty years following emancipation. She illustrates how the question, "Who is the Russian peasant?" became deeply embedded in the larger questions of "What is Russia?" and "What will Russia be?" in the programs of liberal reformers and conservatives alike. Along the way she introduces readers to the stereotypes created by intellectuals (including such writers as Tolstoy and Dostoevsky) in order to comprehend peasant life, from the likeable narod, the simple man of the simple folk, to the exploitative kulak, the village strongman.

The Meaning of freedom : economics, politics, and culture after slavery

Abstract: The Price of Freedom - The Constraints of Change in Postemancipation America, Pieter C. Emmen The Economic Response to Emancipation and Some Economic Aspects of the Meaning of Freedom, Stanley L. Egerman Black Economic Entrapment After Emancipation in the United States, Jay R. Mandle The Economics and Politics of Slavery and Freedom in the US South, Gavin Wright The Politics of Freedom in the British Caribbean, O. Nigel Bolland The Inconvenience of Freedom - Free People of Colour and the Political Aftermath of Slavery in Dominica and Saint Domingue/Haiti, Michel-Rolph Trouillot Freedom and Community - The British West Indies, Jean Besson Redefining the Moral Order - Interpretations of Christianity in Post-Emancipation Jamaica, Diane J. Austin-Broos Panglosses and Polyannas - or Whose Reality Are We Talking About?, Sidney W. Mintz "Race", "Class" and "Gender" in the Transition to Freedom, Raymond T. Smith The Tragic Ear? - Interpreting Southern Reconstruction in Comparative Perspective, Peter Kolchin.

Cultural-Political Interventions in the Unfinished Project of Enlightenment

Abstract: Part 1 Critical theory and political practice: domination or emancipation? the debate over the heritage of critical theory, Helmut Dubiel disorder is possible - an essay on systems, laws, and disobedience, Gunter Frankenberg autonomy, modernity, and community - communitarianism and critical social theory in dialogue, Seyla Benhabib. Part 2 The sociology of political culture: bindings, shackles, brakes - on self-limitation, Claus Offe politics and culture - on the sociocultural analysis of political participation, Klaus Eder politics and the reconstruction of the concept of civil society, Jean cohen and Andrew Arato. Part 3 Historical-philosophical reflections on culture: culture and Bourgeois society - the unity fo reason in a divided society, Hauke Brunkhorst culture and media, Hans-George Gadamer anamnestic reason - a theologian's remarks on the crisis in the "Geisteswissenschaften", Johann Baptist Metz. Part 4 Moral development in childhood and society: moral development and social struggle - Hegel's early social-philosophical doctrines, Axel Honneth knowing and wanting - on moral development in early childhood, Gertrud Nunner-Winkler. Part 5 Foundations of critical social theory: world interpretation and mutual understanding, Johann P. Arnason power, politics, autonomy, Cornelius Castoriadis.

Quest for Justice: Towards Homosexual Emancipation

Abstract: Quest for Justice is the inside story of the battle for the Wolfenden reforms, told by one of its main protagonists. The author was Secretary of the Homosexual Law Reform Society during most of its campaign and this book is his personal account of the reform campaign and a commentary on the subsequent course of the movement for gay rights.

Sojourner Truth: Slave, Prophet, Legend

Abstract: Many Americans have long since forgotten that there ever was slavery along the Hudson River. Yet Sojourner Truth was born a slave near the Hudson River in Ulster County, New York, in the late 1700s. Called merely Isabella as a slave, once freed she adopted the name of Sojourner Truth and became a national figure in the struggle for the emancipation of both blacks and women in Civil War America. Despite the discrimination she suffered as both a black and a woman, Truth significantly shaped both her own life and the struggle for human rights in America. Through her fierce intelligence, her resourcefulness, and her eloquence, she became widely acknowledged as a remarkable figure during her life, and she has become one of the most heavily mythologized figures in American history. While some of the myths about Truth have served positive functions, they have also contributed to distortions about American history, specifically about the history of blacks and women. In this landmark work, the product of years of primary research, Pulizter-Prize winning biographer Carleton Mabee has unearthed the best available sources about this remarkable woman to reconstruct her life as directly as the most original and reliable available sources permit. Included here are new insights on why she never learned to read, on the authenticity of the famous quotations attributed to her (such as Ar'n't I a woman?), her relationship to President Lincoln, her role in the abolitionist movement, her crusade to move freed slaves from the South to the North, and her life as a singer, orator, feminist and woman of faith. This is an engaging, historically precise biography that reassesses the place of Sojourner Truthslave, prophet, legend--in American history.Sojourner Truth is one of the most famous and most mythologized figures in American history. Pulitzer-Prize-winning biographer Carleton Mabee unearths heretofore-neglected sources and offers valuable new insights into the life of a woman who, against all odds, became a central figure in the struggle for the emancipation of slaves and women in Civil War America."

in defiance of destiny: the management of time and gender at a Cretan funeral

Abstract: Greek laments for the dead have occupied a central place in studies of symbolic practice and gender relations. By examining a funeral in detailed context, we can see connections between the personal dilemmas of a young woman in mourning, the symbolic resources on which she draws, and her subsequent pursuit of prestige and emancipation. At the same time, the ambiguities of her performance warn against single-stranded interpretations and urge deeper exploration of the indeterminacy that it is so hard for ethnographic description to capture. [indeterminacy, symbolism, gender, lamenting, strategy, Crete, Greece]

Les rapports Eglise-Etat dans les pays européens de tradition protestante et de tradition catholique: essai d'analyse:

Abstract: The object of this article is to compare the Church-State relationship in several European countries which traditionally profess a single faith, either Catholic or Protestant. Its aim is to inform. It also seeks to understand the process which made the relationships between Church and State what they are nowadays. Those relationships in the shape we know them now were first established at the end of the 18th century, the period around which western societies were completing the process of emancipation from religion. Two different ideal-typical logics led to this achievement: a logic of laicizing in countries of Catholic tradition, a logic of secularizing in countries of Protestant tradition. France, Spain, Belgium, Italy, England and Denmark are the countries studied.

Durkheim on Religion and Moral Community in Modernity

Abstract: Durkheim's theory of religion is approached from the perspective of his lifelong concern with the question of meaning and moral order in modern society. This emphasis naturally leads to a consideration of wider themes informing Durkheim's sociology of religion than are usually found in analyses focusing exclusively on his treatment of primitive religion in The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1964). Durkheim sees as the distinguishing feature of modernity the progressive emancipation of the individual from traditional sources of influence. The evolution toward greater individuation, culminating in the “cult of the individual” or “religion of humanity,” is set by Durkheim within the context of the role of collective ideals in promoting social change and in the maintenance of moral order. Religion, the major symbolic expression of societal wide ideals, is identified as the key variable which enables Durkheim to reconcile the competing demands of individuals for freedom with the interests of society in collective welfare.

The Problem of Freedom in Postmodern Education

Abstract: Series Foreword by Henry A. Giroux East-West, Right-Left: Postmodernism, Postsocialism, and the Problem of Education East-West, Right-Left: A Horizontal Geography of Discourse School and Domination: Hidden Curricula and Political Control East-West, Right-Left: Ideological Geography and the Problem of Education The Eye, The Tongue, and The Self: Power, Identity, and the Problem of Freedom Educational History of Freedom: Knowledge, Enlightenment, Liberation Postmodern Freedom Subjectivity: Beyond Subjection The Eye of the Power The Body of the Subject The Tongue Knowledge Freedom and Postmodern Education Within the Modern Tradition: Choice and Identity in Conservative and Liberal Pegagogies Nihilism-Holism: Education Between Deconstruction and the New Gnosis of Science Beyond Individualism: Freedom in Critical Pegagogy Determinism, Subjectivity, and the Question of Freedom: Toward a Theoretical Closure of Educational (Post)Modernism Cultural Colonialism and Emancipation: Negotiating the Discourse of Freedom Educational Change in Poland Politics: Difference and Hegemony The Paradox of Emancipation Negotiating the Discourse of Freedom: Education Against Identity? Selected Bibliography Index

A Southern Social Ethic: Political Economy in the Nineteenth-Century South. Mississippi, 1840-1910. (Volumes I and II).

Abstract: Chapter 1. Vagaries of the Bac k c o u n t r y ............ 13 2. The Web of the Market E c o n o m y ......... 90 3. Liberty and Virtue in a "False Republic" . . 183 PART TWO: The Agencies of C h a n g e .....................263 Chapter 4. The Distressing Influence of W a r .........269

From Neo-Marxism to Democratic Theory: Essays on the Critical Theory of Soviet-type Societies

Abstract: The essays in this volume trace an intellectual odyssey, a search for a genuinely critical theory. The book begins with the question of why the Frankfurt School as well as other neo-Marxist and post-Marxist analysts, both in the West and in dissident circles in the East, failed to produce a critical theory of Soviet socialism or to establish a dynamic relationship with contemporary social movements. As the political struggle in Eastern Europe intensified, the author of this book disengaged from his own efforts to reconstruct a critical Marxism. Instead, he attempts a reconstruction of democratic theory based on civil society rather than class categories, and with a critical relevance not only to the transition from state socialism but more generally to the universal goal of emancipation.

The Last Best Hope of Earth: Abraham Lincoln and the Promise of America

Abstract: In this book, Mark Neely Jr provides for the general reader a compact biography of Abraham Lincoln based on new scholarship. Neely, a Pulitzer prize-winning historian, aims to recapture the central place of politics in Lincoln's life. Although he ultimately married and became a successful and prosperous lawyer, Lincoln chose a political career, and throughout his life, politics remained his first love. Yet in Neely's depiction of Lincoln, power was never sought for its own sake. Having triumphed over the hardscrabble circumstances of his youth in Kentucky and Indiana, Lincoln, early in his political career, tied his ambition to the search for solutions to the economic underdevelopment of the American West. And in the last 11 years of his life, Lincoln's political ambitions became yoked to a fierce nationalism and a keen moral purpose - the preservation of the Union and the demise of slavery. Lincoln could not remember a time when he did not hate slavery, or revere the federal system. He made his position clear in the decade leading up to his presidential election campaign, and a civil war erupted. Through Neely's eyes the reader sees the growth of this president's advanced ideas about military strategy, despite their price in blood; his husbanding of the resources of the home front, regardless of its cost in national treasure; and his complex defense of the Constitution, notwithstanding a momentary loss of civil liberties. The reader also sees Lincoln's dedication to the Emancipation Proclamation, while the fate of the republic and the future of four million black Americans hung in the balance.

Sara Levy and the Making of Musical Taste in Berlin

Abstract: The salons of educated women represent an important aspect of the cultural history of Berlin during the second half of the eighteenth and the nineteenth century. Their full significance has been recognized only recently.' These salons provided a social setting in which the ideals of rationality, liberty, and "Bildung" could be realized in disregard of the hierarchical structure of the Prussian state. And it is not accidental that the first generation of salons were established almost exclusively in Jewish circles, where novel concepts of tolerance, equality, and emancipation were being developed at the same time. Of particular importance for the musical life of the Prussian capital is the salon of Sara Levy, daughter of the influential Jewish banker Daniel Itzig, great-aunt to Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, and student of Wilhelm Friedemann Bach. In his function as "Miinz-Entrepreneur" and court Jew of Frederick the Great, Daniel Itzig (1722-1799) held the highest position a Jew could reach in the hierarchy of the Prussian state. Thus, it is not at all surprising that, following the customs at Frederick's court, Sara and her brothers and sisters received a thorough education in the French language and manners. Their musical education appears to have been equally profound: it is said that the family employed an excellent piano instructor with a fixed annual salary.2 Sara Levy's long life (1761-1854) spanned the second half of the reign of Frederick the Great, the Napoleonic Wars, and the Revolution of 1848. Documentary evidence for her salon exists mostly for the nineteenth century;3 the writers E. T. A. Hoffmann and Ludwig Bmrne, the historian Gustav Droysen, and musicians like the director of the Berlin Singakademie, Carl Friedrich Zelter, and of course Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy counted among her regular guests. More obscure, however, is the early phase of the social gatherings at her home. In this essay, I will present some ideas about the period prior to 1800 and attempt an assessment of the role she played as collector and patron of music, particularly by members of the Bach family.

The new woman : women's voices, 1880-1918

Abstract: The late-1880s saw the emergence of the independent "new woman", capable and eager to earn her own living. Over the next three decades, until the end of World War I, women waited with growing impatience for recognition of their achievements and their rights. Blending fiction and non-fiction writing by women during this period, this anthology interweaves their daily lives and expectations with their imaginative and creative work. It includes diaries, letters, pamphlets, memoirs and fiction. Featuring the work of well-known and lesser-known women writers, poets and activists, such as Emmeline, Christabel and Sylvia Pankhurst, Eleanor Marx, the youthful Rebecca West, Dame Ethel Smythe and Ethel Glyn, the book also gives voice to the experiences of the "ordinary" women with very different lives as it reflects the hesitant march towards emancipation.

Harmless Lovers?: Gender, Theory and Personal Relationships

Abstract: "Harmless Lovers" reconstructs a decisive and neglected aspect of modern social thought: the evolution of modern gender theory from Mary Wollstonecraft at the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century and Max Weber. It examines the responses of major intellectual figures - Comte, Marx, Engels, Mill, Durkheim, Enfantin and Nietzsche - to the "new" woman and "women's emancipation" in the period immediately following the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man. The pressure for social equality between men and women, and the fact that writers like Mary Wollstonecraft actually produced first-class political and social theory, created new tensions within both the private lives of the theorists and within social theory itself. The crisis was suppressed in the writings and lives of Marx and Durkheim, who remained attached to the traditional framework, but all the other men examined in this book sought to evolve new ways of living in gender relations. These variations could involve: a neo-conservatism (Comte); a new liberalism (Mill); a version of a new communism (Enfantin, Engels); or pure transcendence (Nietzsch).

We Are But Women: Women in Ireland's History

Abstract: We Are But Women sets the history of Irish women in the context of the broad sweep of Irish history, dealing even-handedly with the diverse traditions of unionism and nationalism. Through an examination of exemplar individuals and organisations, the book traces the growth of Irish awareness of such 'women's issues' as emancipation, divorce and abortion. Above all, it acknowledges the key role played by women in finding a solution to the Irish Question.

Caribbean freedom : society and economy from emancipation to the present

Abstract: This reader of nearly 60 articles covers major events in the Caribbean struggle for freedom from emancipation to the present - from Toussaint's Haiti to the more recent revolutions in Cuba, Grenada and the Dominican Republic. The range of coverage is comprehensive calling attention to the variety of post-slavery experiences in the Spanish, Dutch, English and French Caribbean. Three broad themes are identified: the slow disintegration of the slave system which was not completed until 1886; the attempts by resistant social groups and imperial agencies to accept and adjust to freedom; and the maturing of nationalist consciousness in terms of constitutional and cultural independence. Among the areas covered under these themes are popular revolts and aborted revolutions; the sugar industry and economic diversification; peasants and planters; immigration from Europe, India and China; the role of women; labour movements; independence and nationhood.