Embeddedness

About: Embeddedness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4773 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations.

Market or Community Failure? Critical Perspectives on Common Property Research

Abstract: The best known revisionist perspective on the so-called "tragedy of the commons" underscores important conceptual and hence policy errors and has been important in contributing to understanding of conditions in which collective action for common benefits, with respect to common pool resources, can take place. Characterizing this perspective as a "thin" or abstract, generalizing explanatory model, with strengths and weaknesses thereby, we discuss a "thicker" or more ethnographic perspective that emphasizes the importance of specifying property rights and their embeddedness within discrete and changing historical moments, social and political relations. We argue that this perspective leads to a focus on "community failure" rather than "market failure" as the presumed cause of environmental problems, and hence, to questions about how markets, states, and other external and internal factors affect the capacities of communities and user-groups to respond adequately to environmental change.

Changing with the Times: An Integrated View of Identity, Legitimacy, and New Venture Life Cycles

Abstract: To acquire resources, new ventures need to be perceived as legitimate. For this to occur, a venture must meet the expectations of various audiences with differing norms, standards, and values as the venture evolves and grows. We investigate how the organizational identity of a technology venture must adapt to meet the expectations of critical resource providers at each stage of its organizational life cycle. In so doing, we provide a temporal perspective on the interactions among identity, organizational legitimacy, institutional environments, and entrepreneurial resource acquisition for technology ventures. The core assertion from this conceptual analysis is that entrepreneurial ventures confront multiple legitimacy thresholds as they evolve and grow. We identify and discuss three key insights related to entrepreneurs’ efforts to cross those thresholds at different organizational life cycle stages: institutional pluralism, venture-identity embeddedness, and legitimacy buffering.

Entrepreneurial social infrastructure and locally initiated economic development in the nonmetropolitan united states

Abstract: A community embeddedness perspective hypothesizes that nonmetropolitan localities high on entrepreneurial social infrastructure (ESI) are more successful at implementing economic development projects than those lacking ESI. ESI is a format for converting social capital into organizational forms that facilitate collective action. Logistic regres- sion revealed that localities with projects were more likely to have an unbiased news- paper, multiple contributions by financial institutions to community projects, and more external linkages. Project communities place more emphasis on citizen involvement through civic organizations than through local government. Community-based patterns of interactions and organization are associated with successful collective economic development action. Building on ideas about community embeddedness and collective action, this article addresses the relationship between entrepreneurial social infrastructure (ESI) and eco- nomic development. The central hypothesis is that communities and counties with more ESI are more likely to have successfully implemented a recent economic development project than localities lacking in ESI. The analysis is based upon a national random sample of nonmetropolitan places and counties. The concept of entrepreneurial social infrastructure was developed by the senior researchers' in order to better understand why some communities remain economically vital while others do not. Location factors (John Batie, and Norris 1988) and theories of leadership have not provided adequate explanations of community vitality. For instance, one careful evaluation of leadership training programs in Montana and Pennsylvania, using a quasi-experimental design, showed an increase in organizational membership and leadership roles for program graduates compared to a matched sample of nonparticipants in such programs (Cook, Howell, and Weir 1985). However, we found no studies that

Migration and Cultural Change: A Role for Gender and Social Networks?

Abstract: To incorporate the insights from the literature on gender and migration we focus upon three key concepts that have emerged regarding the role of social networks households and communities for affecting migration processes The three key concepts we interrogate are: “social embeddedness” (Portes and Sensenbrenner 1993) “circular and cumulative causation” (Massey 1990) and “relative deprivation” (Stark 1991) We propose considering these three concepts through the lens of a third area of research the sociology of culture and we draw upon ideas about identity formation trust and normative expectations Our empirical examples come primarily from Thailand where we draw upon both secondary and primary data but also from secondary data from Latin America and the Caribbean migrant experiences In our effort to demonstrate that social networks and gender are essential elements for understanding migration and cultural change our discussion refers to international internal permanent and temporary migration We begin our analysis through a brief review of the three developments in the migration field We then conceptualize how these three literatures might be usefully synthesized with each other and relevant work in the sociology of culture In our view culture is an essential component for understanding the meaning given to individuals (gender) their actions (migration) and their relationships (network ties) This in turn influences the way inequality is produced or redressed In the conclusion we discuss how measurement of networks might be improved by these insights and synthesis We also suggest that by synthesizing these literatures we can refine theories of social change and the structuring of inequality in relation to migration processes (excerpt)