Embeddedness

About: Embeddedness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4773 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations.

Institutions and Policies Shaping Industrial Development: An Introductory Note

Abstract: In this work, meant as an introduction to the contributions of the task force on Industrial Policies and Development, Initiative for Policy Dialogue, Columbia University, New York, the authors discuss the role of institutions and policies in the process of development. They begin by arguing how misleading the "market failure" language can be in order to assess the necessity of public policies in that it evaluates it against a yardstick that is hardly met by any observed market set-up. Much nearer to the empirical evidence the authors argue that even when one encounters a prevailing market form of governance of economic interactions, the latter are embedded in a rich thread of non-market institutions. This applies in general and is particularly so with respect to the production and use of information and technological knowledge. In this work they build on the fundamental institutional embeddedness of such processes of technological learning in both developed and catching-up countries and we try to identify some quite robust policy ingredients which have historically accompanied the co-evolution between technological capabilities, forms of corporate organisations and incentive structures. All experiences of successful catching-up and sometimes overtaking the incumbent economic leaders – starting with the USA vis-a-vis Britain – have involved “institution building” and policy measures affecting technological imitation, the organisations of industries, trade patterns and intellectual property rights. This is likely to apply today, too, – also in the context of a “globalised” world economy.

The Socio-Cultural Embeddedness of Individuals' Ethical Reasoning in Organizations (Cross-cultural Ethics)

Abstract: While models of business ethics increasingly recognize that ethical behavior varies cross-culturally, scant attention has been given to understanding how culture affects the ethical reasoning process that predicates individuals' ethical actions. To address this gap, this paper illustrates how culture may affect the various components of individuals' ethical reasoning by integrating findings from the cross-cultural management literature with cognitive-developmental perspective. Implications for future research and transnational organizations are discussed.

Education as a Lifelong Process

Abstract: In modern societies, education has become a lifelong process. This has made the principles of life-course research of utmost significance in empirical education research. As stated by Glen H. Elder, these can be described as: (1) focusing on long-term educational processes over the individual lifespan; (2) considering individual educational pathways within their institutional and social embeddedness (e.g., within not only formal educational institutions but also nonformal/informal contexts such as the family, peer groups, and other social networks); (3) analyzing decision-making processes in education linked to the idea of agency and the idea of plan-making, creative, and self-determining actors; (4) investigating the time structure and timing of educational events and transitions and the consequences they have for the subsequent educational pathways and educational chances; and (5) conceptually differentiating age, cohort, and period effects. This chapter discusses the importance of these five principles for the conception, design, and possibilities for analysis of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). In the context of these principles, we formulate methodological advantages of longitudinal data on educational processes that can be attained within the idea of NEPS. In particular, panel data improve the opportunities to describe trajectories of growth and development over the life course and to study the patterns of causal relationships over longer time spans.

The Economics and Sociology of Management Consulting

Abstract: Management consultancy is a key sector in the economic change toward a service and knowledge economy. Originally published in 2006, this book explains the mechanisms of the management consulting market and the management of consulting firms from both economic and sociological perspectives. It also examines the strategies, marketing approaches, knowledge management and human resource management techniques of consulting firms. After outlining the relationships between transaction cost economics, signaling theory, embeddedness theory and sociological neoinstitutionalism, Thomas Armbruster applies these theories to central questions such as: Why does the consulting sector exist and grow? Which institutions connect supply and demand? And which factors influence the relationship between clients and consultants? By applying both economic and sociological approaches, the book explains the general economic changes of the previous thirty years and sharpens the relationship between the academic disciplines.

Beyond market and hierarchy : interactive governance and social complexity

Abstract: Contents: Preface 1 Interactive Governance and Social Complexity (A Amin and J Hausner) 2 The Foundational Bearing of Complexity (R Delorme) 3 Cognitive Networks and Self-organization in a Complex Socio-economic Environment (M Orillard) 4 Collectivist versus Individualist Perspectives on the Institutional Transition Process - Some Methodological Remarks (J Lange-von Kulessa) 5 The Governance of Complexity and the Complexity of Governance: Preliminary Remarks on Some Problems and Limits of Economic Guidance (B Jessop) 6 The Nature of Institutional Change: Managing Rival Dependencies (R van Tulder and W Ruigrok) 7 'Time-Space Embeddedness' and 'Geo-governance' of Cross-border Regional Modes of Growth: Their Nature and Dynamics in East Asian Cases (N-L Sum) 8 Emergence of Path-dependent Mixed Economies in Central Europe (B Chavance and E Magnin) 9 From Patient to Active Agent: An Institutional Analysis of the Russian Border Town of Vyborg (R Kosonen) 10 Transitional Problems in the Russian Agriculture Sector: A Historical-institutiona Perspective (S Stahl) 11 The Globalization of European Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) (M Kluth and J Andersen) Index