Embeddedness

About: Embeddedness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4773 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations.

The localisation of entrepreneurship capital: Evidence from Germany*

Abstract: Whereas initially physical capital and later, knowledge capital were viewed as crucial for growth, more recently a very different factor, entrepreneurship capital, has emerged as a driving force of economic growth. In this paper, we define a region’s capacity to create new firms start-ups as the region’s entrepreneurship capital. We then investigate the local embeddedness of this variable and which variables have an impact on this variable. Using data for Germany, we find that knowledge-based entrepreneurship capital is driven by local levels of knowledge creation and the acceptance of new ideas, indicating that local knowledge flows play an important role. Low-tech entrepreneurship capital is rather increased by regional unemployment and driven by direct incentives such as subsidies. All three measures are locally clustered, indicating that indeed, entrepreneurship capital is a phenomenon that is driven by local culture, and is therefore locally bounded.

Dual relational embeddedness and knowledge transfer in European multinational corporations and subsidiaries

Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the level of subsidiaries’ internal and external relational embeddedness and the degree of subsidiaries’ knowledge transfer. More specifically, the aim is to explore dual embeddedness of subsidiaries involved in the knowledge transfer process within multinational corporations’ (MNCs) network.,The authors empirically analyse 165 European subsidiaries to demonstrate the crucial role of dual relational embeddedness in the transfer of knowledge within MNCs. Data were collected via a close-ended questionnaire and processed through an ordinary least squares regression model.,Results show that internal embeddedness directly and positively influences the degree of subsidiaries’ knowledge transfer, whereas external embeddedness does not. Notwithstanding, a higher level of both types of embeddedness – known as dual embeddedness – generates multiplicative and positive effects on the degree of subsidiaries’ knowledge transfer.,Best practices and relevant knowledge follow a reverse transfer of knowledge from the subsidiaries to the internal MNC network that is facilitated by the relational embeddedness of subsidiaries. This has resulted in developing a dual embeddedness, which introduces new routines and scripts, as well as more relational links.,The research emphasises the relevance of the knowledge transfer process in multiple directions, evoking the central role of dual-embedded subsidiaries.

Cognitive and Cultural Embeddedness: Combining Institutional Economics and Economic Sociology

Abstract: (2003) Cognitive and Cultural Embeddedness: Combining Institutional Economics and Economic Sociology Journal of Economic Issues: Vol 37, Papers From The 2003 AFEE Meeting, pp 461-470

Foreign subsidiaries’ learning from local environments: An empirical test

Abstract: and Key Results This study examines antecedent factors that influence foreign subsidiaries’ innovation through learning from local environments, which in turn influences their knowledge contribution back to the headquarters. We argue that subsidiary local embeddedness, subsidiary top management team heterogeneity, and MNC corporate entrepreneurial culture are the key enablers for subsidiaries to learn and innovate in the local environments. The findings support that the learning and innovation of U.S.-based subsidiaries are significantly influenced by their local embeddedness, their top management team heterogeneity, and the corporate entrepreneurial culture of their parent company, along with the control variables including subsidiary size and the internationalization of parent company.

2 Education as a lifelong process

Abstract: Education in modern societies has become a lifelong process. That is why the principles of life-course research, as stated by Glen H. Elder, are of utmost significance in empirical education research: (1) focusing on long-term educational processes over the individual lifespan; (2) considering individual educational pathways within their institutional and social embeddedness (e.g., within not only formal educational institutions but also nonformal/informal contexts such as the family, peer groups, and other social networks); (3) analyzing decision-making processes in education connected with the idea of agency as well as of planning, creative, and self-determining actors; (4) investigating the time structure and timing of educational events and transitions and the consequences they have for the subsequent educational pathways and educational chances; (5) conceptionally differentiating age, cohort, and period effects. This chapter discusses the importance of these five principles for the conception, the design, and the possibilities for analysis of the German National Educational Panel Study. In the context of these principles, we formulate methodological advantages of longitudinal data on educational processes that can be attained within the National Educational Panel Study. In particular, panel data improve the opportunities to describe trajectories of growth and development over the life course and to study the patterns of causal relationships over longer time spans.