Topic
Embedment
About: Embedment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2441 publications have been published within this topic receiving 31444 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify techniques for embedding slim sensors with comparatively large in-plane dimensions inside composite materials, which can be used to identify an encapsulating layer for the sensors.
Abstract: Low velocity impact damage to composite laminates can result in a complicated network of matrix cracks and delaminations beneath the laminates surface, which are extremely difficult to detect by visual inspection. Current non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques such as ultrasonic C-scan and x-ray imaging create significant downtime, which leads to costly inspection programmes. Embedded sensors offer the potential to increase the automation of inspection, and decrease the downtime when compared with current NDE practices. However, for such systems to be practical, sensors must be integrated within composite structures without producing unacceptable loss of structural performance. This paper identifies techniques for embedding slim sensors with comparatively large in-plane dimensions inside composite materials. Interlaminar shear strength tests were used to identify an encapsulating layer for the sensors. Flexural strength testing was carried out on laminates containing sensors embedded towards the compressive surface of flexural specimens. The experimental study was complemented with finite element analysis, which identified the load paths within different embedment configurations and aided with the interpretation of the experimental results. The results show that with careful selection of sensor materials, geometry, embedding location and embedment technique, sensors can be integrated within composite structures without producing any significant reduction of mechanical performance.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 1-g experiments are described which model the embedded length of cantilever walls in sand, and in which the shear and normal stresses between the soil and the wall were measured, together with wall displacements, as the load on the wall was progressively increased to failure.
Abstract: Laboratory-based 1–g experiments are described which model the embedded length of cantilever walls in sand, and in which the shear and normal stresses between the soil and the wall were measured, together with wall displacements, as the load on the wall was progressively increased to failure. The results show that comparatively large earth pressures, associated with high effective angles of wall friction, are mobilized just below the soil surface in front of the wall. Earth pressures on the retained side, below the centre of rotation of the wall, were smaller than Rankine passive values, confirming Krey's original views on the downwards direction of wall friction at this location. The results fit well within the relatively small available data set for free embedded cantilever walls, and show the trend of increasing bending moment with depth of embedment, given a constant effective angle of friction.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of hybrid reinforced concrete flat slabs, incorporating fully-integrated shear-heads at connections to steel columns, through a series of numerical evaluations and parametric studies is examined.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified design equation is proposed to estimate the tensile capacity of post-installed large-diameter anchor reinforcement for engineering, based on the results and existing design models, and a comparison of test results with the results of modified equation shows that the modification provides a better estimation for the postinstalled large diameter anchor systems.
18 citations
DOI•
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, a limit equilibrium analysis was performed to locate the critical failure plane in a Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) wall for internal stability against pullout failure, and the results showed that the failure surface was formed partially through reinforced soil and partially along the interface between the GRS and the stable wall face.
Abstract: The design of a Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) wall for internal stability against pullout failure requires computing the reinforcement embedment length. Therefore, the location of failure plane is an important input for this design. The current FHWA MSE wall design guidelines assume the location of failure plane based on Rankine theory. While this assumption holds true for conventional walls it is unconservative for GRS walls under constrained spaces, also known as “narrow GRS walls”. This paper presents a limit equilibrium study to accurately locate failure planes within narrow GRS walls. The critical failure planes within narrow GRS walls are searched using Spencer’s method with a function of noncircular failure plane. The predicted results from limit equilibrium analyses are verified by the experimental data from centrifuge tests conducted on narrow GRS walls. The results indicate that the critical failure plane is bilinear: The failure surface being formed partially through the reinforced soil and partially along the interface between the GRS and the stable wall face. The results show the inclination angles of the failure planes for narrow GRS walls being 10~ 20 less than those calculated by Rankine theory. The effect of wall aspect ratio on the inclination angle of the critical failure plane is investigated for the cases studied in this paper. Design considerations against pullout failure for narrow GRS walls are also discussed at end of this paper.
18 citations