Embedment

About: Embedment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2441 publications have been published within this topic receiving 31444 citations.

An Energy-Based Pipe-Soil Interaction Model

Abstract: This paper describes a research project into pipe-soil interaction conducted by SINTEF on behalf of the American Gas Association (A.G.A). An empirical model has been developed which predicts soil resistance to lateral motion of untrenched pipelines. Full scale pipe-soil interaction tests were conducted for three soils providing data for the empirical relationships in the model. The tests confirm previously reported results; that soil resistance is strongly dependent on pipe embedment and soil condition (shear strength of clay and relative density of sand). Pipe embedment is estimated empirically from the energy dissipated in the soil and soil resistance is split into two components; a sliding component and a penetration dependent component. In this manner the soil model accounts for the effects of cyclic pipe movements on soil resistance. The new model represents a significant improvement compared to the Coulomb friction estimation traditionally used in pipeline stability calculations. Especially on soft clay and loose sand and in general at high lift forces, the predicted soil resistance is larger than that predicted using friction coefficients typical in design.

Capacity of dynamically installed anchors as assessed through field testing and three-dimensional large-deformation finite element analyses

Abstract: The capacity of dynamically installed anchors in soft normally consolidated clay was examined experimentally through a series of field tests on a 1:20 reduced-scale anchor. The anchors were installed through free fall in water, achieving tip embedment of 1.5–2.6 times the anchor length, before being loaded under undrained conditions at various load inclinations. Vertical anchor capacities were between 2.4 and 4.1 times the anchor dry weight and were satisfactorily predicted using the American Petroleum Institute approach for driven piles. Anchor capacity under inclined loading increased as the load inclination approached horizontal; the field data indicated this increase to be up to 30% for the minimum achievable inclination of about 20° to the horizontal. Corresponding large-deformation finite element analyses showed a similar response, with the maximum capacity occurring at a load inclination between 30° and 45° to the horizontal. The finite element results demonstrate that, for the anchor geometry cons...

Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Modeling of Nailed Connections in Wood

Abstract: A three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element model of single nail connection was developed based on transversely isotropic plasticity. In order to have the connection model account for crushing behavior of wood during the nail embedment, a procedure was studied to implement the theory of a beam on a nonlinear foundation in the solid element modeling. Within a prescribed volume of wood surrounding a nail, a wood foundation was defined with the foundation material parameters, which were determined through nail-embedment tests. Introduction of the wood foundation to the connection model was justified by comparing the results of nail-embedment simulations with or without a wood foundation. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses of single nail connections incorporated with wood foundations were compared with the results of lateral resistance tests of the connections under parallel to grain loading and perpendicular to grain loading. The model predictions showed good agreement with the load-slip relations an...