Embedment

About: Embedment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2441 publications have been published within this topic receiving 31444 citations.

Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened in Shear Using L-Shaped CFRP Plates: Experimental Investigation

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams retrofitted in shear with prefabricated L-shaped carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. Shear strengthening of RC beams with L-shaped fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates has proved effective. In this method, grooves are made throughout the beam flange to fully embed the vertical leg of the L-shaped CFRP plate perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the RC beam and in the RC beam web surface. However, in some cases, drilling grooves in the concrete flange might not be feasible because of the presence of obstacles such as longitudinal steel in the flange of the RC beams. Therefore, the main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of the RC beams strengthened in shear with externally bonded (EB) L-shaped plates as affected by the embedment length of the L-shaped FRP plates. In total, six tests were performed on 2,500-mm long T-beams. Three specimens were strengthened in shear using epoxy-bonded L-shaped CFRP plates with different embedment lengths in the RC beam flange. One specimen was shear-strengthened with fully embedded CFRP plates in the concrete beam flange. The second specimen was strengthened with partial embedment of the L-shaped CFRP plate. This specimen is representative of the case where full penetration of the CFRP plate is not feasible because of an obstacle. In this specimen, the embedment length was set to 25 mm to simulate the minimum concrete cover thickness in RC beams. The third specimen was shear-strengthened with L-shaped CFRP plates with no embedment in the concrete beam flange. In addition, the performance of the beams strengthened with L-shaped CFRP plates was compared with that of a similar specimen strengthened with EB FRP sheets without embedment. Results show that the performance of the specimens strengthened with partially and fully embedded L-shaped CFRP plates in the beam flange was superior to that of the beams strengthened with EB FRP sheets and L-shaped CFRP plates with no embedment.

Experimental Investigation of Single Model Pile Subjected to Lateral Load in Sloping Ground

Abstract: A detailed laboratory experimental model tests was undertaken to study the effect of slope on laterally load pile capacity and p–y curves. The paper concerns the method developed in a series of laboratory model tests (27 lateral load tests) to experimentally determine p–y curves. The study was carried out on horizontal ground and two different types of slope such as, 1 Vertical to 2 Horizontal (1V:2H) and 1 Vertical to 1.5 Horizontal (1V:1.5H) with different relative density of 30, 45 and 70 % and three different pile embedment lengths [length to diameter ratios (L/D) of 25, 30 and 35]. The study includes the effect of ground slope, relative density and embedment length on lateral load capacity, bending moment, lateral soil resistance, lateral deflection and p–y curves. From the study it is concluded that the increase in pile-soil relative stiffness increases the lateral resistance against the lateral load and hence the depth of fixity reduces for increase in relative density. It is also found that the soil resistance increases with increase in the depth of the soil, relative density of the soil and the embedment length of the pile whereas the soil resistance decreases with increase in the slope of the ground surface.

Dynamic response of footings resting on a sand layer of finite thickness

Abstract: Dynamic response of foundations depends on several factors, namely, size and shape of the foundations, depth of embedment, soil profile and properties, frequency of loading, and mode of vibration. An attempt was made in this Technical Note to investigate the dynamic behavior of foundations resting on a sand layer underlain by a rigid layer. Model block vibration tests were carried out in a pit of size 2.0 m×2.0 m×1.9 m using a concrete footing of size 0.4 m×0.4 m×0.1 m and a vertically acting rotating-mass type mechanical oscillator. Using locally available river sand, a sand layer of six different thicknesses was prepared, and, for each thickness, tests were carried out for two different static weights and three different dynamic loadings. It was observed that the resonant frequency decreases with an increase in layer thickness and it nearly equals that of the half-space when the thickness of the layer is more than three times the width of the footing. It was also observed that the radiation damping of the sand layer was affected by the presence of a rigid layer at bottom. Inclusion of rigid layer causes a 9.8% reduction with respect to homogeneous sand condition even for a sand layer of thickness four times the width of the footing.

Analytical solution for ultimate embedment depth and potential holding capacity of plate anchors

Abstract: This paper proposes an analytical approach to evaluate the ultimate embedment depth and holding capacity that plate anchors can potentially achieve. Based on a plasticity model for anchor–soil interaction and compatible chain solution, detailed derivations are presented that allow the main dimensionless groups of input parameters to be identified. For typical cases where the weight of the anchor is negligible relative to its holding capacity, explicit expressions are provided in non-dimensional form for ultimate embedment and anchor capacity. A thorough parametric sensitivity study highlights the major factors affecting these quantities. Two practical examples are considered that demonstrate the proposed analytical approach for different types of anchors, in one case revealing significant scope for improved design of plate anchors in order to optimise performance.