Topic
Embedment
About: Embedment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2441 publications have been published within this topic receiving 31444 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between the sediment resisting force and embedment depth for horizontal cylinders in a vertical trench and performed plane-strain calculations of collapse loads for a series of trench depths.
Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between the sediment resisting force and embedment depth for horizontal cylinders in a vertical trench. Plane-strain calculations of collapse loads are performed for a series of trench depths. Collapse load predictions are based on finite element predictions validated by upper and lower bound solutions from classical plasticity theory. This study extends work by previous investigators by considering variable soil shear strength profiles and embedment depths exceeding one cylinder radius. Curve fits are applied to the finite element predictions to develop simplified equations relating collapse load to trench depth. The predictions are relevant to a number of applications, including pipeline penetration, waste disposal, and mine detection.
143 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an effective way has been brought forward to reduce this passive effect of embedment on the fracture conductivity, which is significant for both theoretical study and field treatments.
139 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, upper and lower bounds for the vertical limit load at a given penetration of a pipe into cohesive soil are presented, and the maximum range between the bounds occurs at one radius penetration, where the difference between the upper bound and lower bound varies from about ten percent for the rough pipe case to approximately 25% for the smooth pipe case.
Abstract: Penetration of a pipe into cohesive soil is an important consideration in offshore pipeline engineering, especially as such penetration affects on-bottom stability of the pipeline. If the soil is described as a perfectly plastic cohesive material then the calculation of the limit load at a given penetration reduces to a plane strain problem in plasticity theory. Upper and lower bound solutions to this penetration problem are presented. The maximum range between the bounds occurs at one radius penetration. The difference between the upper and lower bounds varies from about ten per cent for the rough pipe case to approximately 25% for the smooth pipe case. Parametric studies demonstrate the effect of embedment depth, pipe-soil adhesion, soil surface heave, and increasing soil strength on the vertical limit load. The solutions presented are shown to compare favorably with test data. La penetration d'un conduit dans un sol coherent represente un aspect important de la construction des pipelines au large, surt...
137 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D numerical limit analysis is applied to evaluate the effect of anchor shape on the pullout capacity of horizontal anchors in undrained clay, where the anchor is idealized as either square, circular, or rectangular in shape.
Abstract: Soil anchors are commonly used as foundation systems for structures that require uplift or lateral resistance. These types of structures include transmission towers, sheet pile walls, and buried pipelines. Although anchors are typically complex in shape (e.g., drag or helical anchors), many previous analyses idealize the anchor as a continuous strip under plane strain conditions. This assumption provides numerical advantages and the problem can be solved in two dimensions. In contrast to recent numerical studies, this paper applies three-dimensional numerical limit analysis to evaluate the effect of anchor shape on the pullout capacity of horizontal anchors in undrained clay. The anchor is idealized as either square, circular, or rectangular in shape. Estimates of the ultimate pullout load are obtained by using a newly developed three-dimensional numerical procedure based on a finite-element formulation of the lower bound theorem of limit analysis. This formulation assumes a perfectly plastic soil model with a Tresca yield criterion. Results are presented in the familiar form of break-out factors based on various anchor shapes and embedment depths, and are also compared with existing numerical and empirical solutions.
133 citations