Topic
Emergency evacuation
About: Emergency evacuation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2119 publications have been published within this topic receiving 21304 citations. The topic is also known as: evacuation.
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TL;DR: This paper presents a multi-agent based framework for simulating human and social behavior during emergency evacuation, which is able to demonstrate some emergent behaviors, such as competitive, queuing, and herding behaviors.
Abstract: Many computational tools for the simulation and design of emergency evacuation and egress are now available. However, due to the scarcity of human and social behavioral data, these computational tools rely on assumptions that have been found inconsistent or unrealistic. This paper presents a multi-agent based framework for simulating human and social behavior during emergency evacuation. A prototype system has been developed, which is able to demonstrate some emergent behaviors, such as competitive, queuing, and herding behaviors. For illustration, an example application of the system for safe egress design is provided.
478 citations
TL;DR: NETVACl is a macro traffic simulation model sensitive to network topology, intersection design and control, and a wide array of evacuation management strategies that can handle large networks at modest computational costs and includes many reporting options.
302 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: A critical review of selected simulation models including (1) flow-based, (2) cellular automata, (3) agent-based and (4) activity-based models, as well as of three simulation models that incorporate social scientific processes is presented in this paper.
Abstract: The paper presents a critical review of selected simulation models including (1) flow based, (2) cellular automata, (3) agent-based, and (4) activity-based models, as well as of three simulation models that incorporate social scientific processes--FIRESCAP, EXODUS, and the Multi-Agent Simulation for Crisis Management. It concludes by pointing out the so far ignored insights that could be derived from the fields of social psychology and social organization. A number of predictions regarding the effects of social organizational variables on the timing and movement of evacuating groups are presented.
Proceeding of Conference “Building Occupant Movement During Fire Emergencies,” June 10-11, 2004. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology, (forthcoming).
278 citations
07 Mar 2016
TL;DR: All 26 participants followed the robot in the emergency, despite half observing the same robot perform poorly in a navigation guidance task just minutes before, and the majority of people did not choose to safely exit the way they entered.
Abstract: Robots have the potential to save lives in emergency scenarios, but could have an equally disastrous effect if participants overtrust them. To explore this concept, we performed an experiment where a participant interacts with a robot in a non-emergency task to experience its behavior and then chooses whether to follow the robot's instructions in an emergency or not. Artificial smoke and fire alarms were used to add a sense of urgency. To our surprise, all 26 participants followed the robot in the emergency, despite half observing the same robot perform poorly in a navigation guidance task just minutes before. We performed additional exploratory studies investigating different failure modes. Even when the robot pointed to a dark room with no discernible exit the majority of people did not choose to safely exit the way they entered.
269 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the disoriented students exhibit a distinctly different behavior compared to a situation in which people can see their environment, and the average escape time becomes minimal for a certain finite number of people in the dark or smoky room.
Abstract: We study the evacuation process from a smoky room by means of experiments and simulations. People in a dark or smoky room are mimicked by "blind" students wearing eye masks. The evacuation of the disoriented students from the room is observed by video cameras, and the escape time of each student is measured. We find that the disoriented students exhibit a distinctly different behavior compared to a situation in which people can see their environment. Our experimental results are related to a theoretical approach and reproduced by an extended lattice gas model taking into account the empirically observed behavior. Our particular focus is on the mean value and distribution of escape times. For a large number of people in the room, the escape time distribution is wide because of jamming. Surprisingly, adding more exits does not improve the situation in the expected way, since most people use the exit that is discovered first, which may be viewed as a kind of herding effect based on nonlocal, but direct acoustic interactions. Moreover, the average escape time becomes minimal for a certain finite number of people in the dark or smoky room. These nonlinear effects have practical implications for emergency evacuation and the planning of safer buildings.
233 citations