Showing papers on "Emergency management published in 1982"

The role of a trauma center in disaster management.

Abstract: The implementation of a contemporary comprehensive Emergency Medical Services System (EMSS) has resulted in a change in the method and character of initial response to and overall management of disaster situations. The focus of patient assessment and care responsibilities has shifted from the hospit

Distribution of citations in databases in a multidisciplinary field

Abstract: Word‐oriented databases of potential relevance to the multidisciplinary field of emergency management were identified by the University of Illinois, Information Retrieval Research Laboratory under contract to the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This article is an extension and outgrowth of that contract. It analyzes forty databases for relevance to emergency management by searching each database using an emergency management subject profile, printing a random sample of citations to determine percent of false drops, and ranking the databases according to number of relevant citations. Bradford's law of scatter is shown to apply to this multidisciplinary field, using databases instead of journals and citations instead of articles. No one database provides more than 19% of the literature, however, illustrating that the literature in the field is widely scattered throughout databases. These findings can help in the choice of the specific databases containing emergency management citations and in the determination of how many databases need to be searched in order to retrieve a given percentage of the literature. A companion article in this issue of Online Review — ‘Evaluation of database coverage: a comparison of two methodologies,’ explains the subject profile evaluation method employed in this project and compares it to another coverage evaluation technique.

Unanticipated repercussions of international disaster relief.

Abstract: Following the Peruvian earthquake of May 1970, the devastated provincial town of Huarez received massive amounts of disaster relief aid. The reconstruction process rapidly transformed the economic and social structure of the community by causing a shortlived boom which raised the expectations of the population. Once the relief agencies withdrew, the demand for goods and services fell sharply and the people were forced to readjust to a less prosperous life. It also appeared that their capacity to respond to future disasters had not been significantly unproved. This case study highlights the need for research into the long term consequences of disaster relief.

Planning for disaster: a new community outreach program for mental health centers.

Abstract: Disaster victims typically do not request services from the mental health system. Victims must be contacted through innovative outreach programs linked to the disaster relief network. Advance planning for disaster programs by mental health centers is highly desirable, but barriers may be encountered related to (a) external support, (b) information on victim needs, (c) intervention methods, (d) linkage with disaster agencies, or (d) planning guidelines. Advice and information are offered on how to overcome each potential barrier. A model disaster plan is outlined that is consistent with NIMH guidelines for disaster preparedness planning, and with three criteria considered essential for an effective plan.

Formulating disaster relief when needs are unknown

Abstract: As in most cases of natural disasters, relief needs arising out of the Mount St Helens volcanic eruptions in May 1980 were greatly overestimated Technical, bureaucratic, and political considerations all contribute to the upward bias in such cases The errors in early estimates of relief needs can be reduced by systematic means But more important than obtaining good early estimates is maintaining an effective control over actual disaster relief expenditures As it turns out, the more effective systems of control usually go hand in hand with poorer early estimates, creating a dilemma for the management for disaster relief

Literature survey of blast and fire effects of nuclear weapons on urban areas

Abstract: The American literature of the past 30 years on fire and blast effects of nuclear weapons on urban areas has been surveyed. The relevant work is briefly sketched and areas where information is apparently lacking are noted. This report is intended to provide the basis for suggesting research priorities in the fire and blast effects area for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. It is also intended to provide entry into the literature for researchers. over 850 references are given.

Recommended satellite imagery capabilities for disaster management

Abstract: This study explores the role that satellite imaging systems might play in obtaining information needed in the management of natural and manmade disasters. Information requirements which might conceivably be met by satellite were identified for over twenty disasters. These requirements covered pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness activities, disaster response activities, and post-disaster recovery activities. The essential imaging satellite characteristics needed to meet most of the information requirements are 30 meter (or finer) spatial resolution, frequency of observations of one week or less, data delivery times of one day or less, and stereo, synoptic all-weather coverage of large areas in the visible, near infrared, thermal infrared and microwave bands. Of the current and planned satellite systems investigated for possible application to disaster management, Landsat-D and SPOT appear to have the greatest potential during disaster mitigation and preparedness activities, but all satellites studied have serious deficiencies during response and recovery activities. Several strawman concepts are presented for a satellite system optimized to support all disaster management activities.

The role of disaster relief for long-term development in LDCs with special reference to Guatemala after the 1976 earthquake

Abstract: The role of disaster relief for long-term development in LDCs : with special reference to Guatemala after the 1976 earthquake

The Role of Science and Technology in Emergency Management.

Abstract: : The report identifies appropriate FEMA activities in science and technology. These include: research and development to support FEMA's missions, taking a leadership role in setting research objectives in emergency management within the federal government, establishment of a contingency fund to support interdisciplinary field research of actual disasters, development and maintenance of a system for expressing the needs of users in the planning of emergency management research, interpretation and dissemination of important research results to user. (Author)

Fema (Federal Emergency Management Agency) database requirements assessment and resource directory model. Final report, 24 August 1981-15 May 1982

Abstract: Word-oriented databases (bibliographic, textual, directory, etc.) relevant to various units within the Federal Emergency Management Agency are identified and those of most potential relevance are analyzed. Subject profiles reflecting the interests of each major FEMA unit were developed and tested online on fifteen publicly available databases. The databases were then ranked by the number of citations pertinent to all aspects of emergency management and the number of pertinent citations per year of database coverage. Sample citations from the fifteen databases are included. A model Directory of Databases pertinent to emergency management was developed.

Development of an Emergency Preparedness Manual for Parkview Junior High School

Abstract: S u bm i t t e d i n p a r t i a l f u l f i l l me n t of t h e re q u i reme n t s f o r t h e d e g re e of S p e c i a l i s t i n E d u c a t i o n a t t h e G r a d u a t e S c h o o l o f Ea s te r n Ill i n o i s U n i v e r s i ty C h a rle s ton , I l l i n o i s