Showing papers on "Emergency management published in 1996"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define a disaster as a process/event involving the combination of a potentially destructive agent(s) from the natural and/or technological environment and a population in a socially and technologically produced condition of vulnerability.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Recent perspectives in anthropological research define a disaster as a process/event involving the combination of a potentially destructive agent(s) from the natural and/or technological environment and a population in a socially and technologically produced condition of vulnerability. From this basic understanding three general topical areas have developed: (a) a behavioral and organizational response approach, (b) a social change approach, and (c) a political economic/environmental approach, focusing on the historical-structural dimensions of vulnerability to hazards, particularly in the developing world. Applied anthropological contributions to disaster management are discussed as well as research on perception and assessment of hazard risk. The article closes with a discussion of potentials in hazard and disaster research for theory building in anthropology, particularly in issues of human-environment relations and sociocultural change.
666 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a simplified problem classification based on three problem characteristics, which is used in conjunction with a simplified decision process model, called the emergency manager's decision cube, for emergency managers.
Abstract: Proposes that decision making is part of all management tasks and that it is particularly important for emergency managers as they often need to take decisions quickly on very inadequate information. Briefly reviews some of the particular problems of emergency decision. Looks at the usefulness of Vroom and Yetton’s decision process model for emergencies, before proposing a simplified problem classification based on three problem characteristics. Concludes by reviewing a collection of “emergency” decisions and analysing some of the common factors to suggest a number of simple action rules to be used in conjunction with the simplified decision process model proposed, the “emergency manager’s decision cube”.
117 citations
01 Mar 1996
82 citations
TL;DR: Social workers have important and unique contributions to make to disaster research through their expertise in ecological approaches, prevention, stress and coping, and promoting change in micro and macro systems as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: SUMMARY Disaster research in social work has deep roots in the profession'S history of disaster relief, social work'S mission to create resources and make them accessible to people, and the profession'S service to vulnerable populations. Social workers have important and unique contributions to make to disaster research through their expertise in ecological approaches, prevention, stress and coping, and promoting change in micro and macro systems. Disaster research in social work borrows primarily from psychology and sociology, and is conducted in clinical, organizational, and community contexts. Further social work research on disaster promises improved theory, measurement, and practice in situations of collective Stress.
80 citations
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: The Reclamation States Drought Assistance Act of 1988 was passed in response to the widespread drought conditions that much of the United States experienced in 1987 and 1988 as mentioned in this paper, which allowed individual states to seek assistance in the form of financial aid and resource management from the federal government for the purpose of mitigating the effects of drought.
Abstract: Drought is a familiar occurrence that lacks the drama and immediacy of other natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, but the economic repercussions can be equally devastating. The Reclamation States Drought Assistance Act of 1988 was passed in response to the widespread drought conditions that much of the United States experienced in 1987 and 1988. The act allowed individual states to seek assistance in the form of financial aid and resource management from the federal government for the purpose of mitigating the effects of drought. The Reclamation Drought Index (RDI) was developed for possible future use as a trigger in determining when a drought is severe enough for an area to receive emergency drought relief funds from the federal government. This paper presents an example of the usage of the RDI, and the guidelines that should be followed when calculating and applying the index.
79 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: The benefits of having an environmental management system are discussed in this article, where the authors highlight the benefits of using an EMS in the context of ISO 14000 and highlight the importance of human, physical, and financial resources.
Abstract: Foreword Introduction Overview Benefits of Having an Environmental Management System Scope Normative References Definitions Environmental Management System Principles and Elements How to Start: Commitment and Policy Top Management Commitment and Leadership Initial Environmental Review Environmental Policy Planning Identification of Environmental Aspects and Evaluation of Associated Environmental Impacts Legal Requirements Internal Performance Criteria Environmental Objectives and Targets Environmental Management Plans and Programs Implementation Ensuring Capability Resources-Human, Physical, and Financial Environmental Management System Alignment and Integration Accountability and Responsibility Environmental Values and Motivation Knowledge, Skills, and Training Support Actions Communication and Reporting Environmental Management System Documentation Environmental Management System Records and Information Management Operational Controls Emergency Preparedness and Response Measurement and Evaluation Measuring and Monitoring Ongoing Performance Audits of the Environmental Management System Review and Improvement Review of the Environmental Management System Corrective and Preventive Action Continual Improvement Where Is ISO 14000 Headed? Practical Ideals as Realities Index
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the findings from a series of field studies by the disaster research center about the operations of the local mass media in disasters in the USA are summarized under 12 general propositions.
Abstract: Summarizes, under 12 general propositions, the findings from a series of field studies by the Disaster Research Center about the operations of the local mass media in disasters in the USA. The topics covered range from the disaster planning undertaken by mass media organizations, to the content of the news reported, and about differences among the electronic and print media involved, to the input of citizens into stories about disasters. Additionally, raises questions about the extent to which the findings can be extrapolated to other than US society.
63 citations
TL;DR: Wamsley and Milward as discussed by the authors pointed out the role of the media in the emergency management process and pointed out that the increasing involvement and expenditures of America in emergency management will not have consequences as tragic and traumatic as the Viet Nam War, but they are nonetheless significant and worthy of our concern.
Abstract: On August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew slammed into southern Dade County, Florida. What followed was tragic, costly, and remarkable in many respects. In this article, we focus on one multi-faceted aspect of Andrew's aftermath - the policy aspect, political and administrative. For this aspect was every bit as remarkable as all the others. The event threw a spotlight on a largely ignored policy subsystem - emergency management - and on the complicated and interesting political and administrative relationships that comprise that subsystem, and the context for that policy or, as some might say, nonpolicy (Wamsley and Milward, 1984). This article uses that spotlight to sharpen our understanding of some of the pathologies of our governmental institutions and processes in general and, more specifically, to chart the destabilization and change that is taking place in the emergency management subsystem. Something that is bringing about the first significant changes in the subsystem since the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was formed 14 years ago.(1) The subtitle of this article, "Escalating in a Quagmire," is borrowed from a paper about America's increasing involvement in Viet Nam delivered by Daniel Ellsberg to a convention of the American Political Science Association in the late 1960s, apparently before he became infamous for obtaining and leaking the Pentagon Papers (Ellsberg, 1967). While the escalating involvement and expenditures of America in emergency management will not have consequences as tragic and traumatic as the Viet Nam War, they are nonetheless significant and worthy of our concern. And most assuredly, the emergency management policy subsystem and its political-administrative problems constitute a quagmire. The Escalation(2) Requests for presidential disaster declarations and declarations of disaster have grown steadily since 1988 and have steadily set record highs since 1990. Fiscal year 1993 established yet another record with over 70 requests and over 50 declarations. No one can say with certainty that this trend is irreversible. In FY 1984, declarations peaked at 42 and then fell steadily until 1988, before beginning the steady climb to the current record high. Today, from the local level to the White House, those involved in emergency management widely believe that the trend will continue inexorably upward, and not because of nature's whims. It is generally believed by people throughout the subsystem that disasters are being both nationalized and politicized and that involvement is growing because of a combination of advancing technology and human-created forces and dynamics (Wamsley, Interviews, 1992-1993; Wallace, 1994). It is also recognized that some states have contributed more than others to this escalation. As one FEMA executive opined, "in Texas they want a declaration every time a cow pisses on a flat rock" (Wamsley and Schroeder, Interviews, 1995). The CNN Syndrome and the Media Presidency The first of these forces might be called the CNN Syndrome or the Camcorder Policy Process. In a few decades, we have gone from conveying news via an occasional action photograph backed by postevent printed and spoken words to instantaneous, live-action images and words in our living rooms, the Oval Office, and even the White House Situation Room. Can there be a local or even a regional disaster under these conditions? The news media have become increasingly intrusive and influential in the emergency management subsystem. At the same time, the media have increasingly reflected (and created?) the growing public pessimism regarding governmental capabilities (Lipset, 1987; Mitchell, 1987; Cloud, 1989; Washington Post, 1995). In other words, problems are being defined as national problems at the same time the national government is being portrayed as more and more inept. This has dramatically changed the context for the policy subsystem (NAPA, 1993; 18). News media have always played a role in politics and influenced policy, but something more is at work today, something of a qualitative change. …
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the nature of earthquake-induced hazmat releases, their likelihood and their impact on emergency response systems and concluded that hazmat incidents become an additional diaster agent that must be integrated into the management framework for earthquakes.
44 citations
Book•
09 Dec 1996
TL;DR: This edition includes new information on leadership, performance improvement, risk management, organizational culture, behavioral safety, root cause analysis, and recent OSHA and Joint Commission Emergency Management requirements and regulatory changes.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE HAZARD CONTROL Introduction Healthcare Employment Growth Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations American Osteopathic Association Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities College of American Pathologists Laboratory Accreditation Program Institute of Medicine American Health Care Association American Hospital Association Association of Occupational Health Professionals Service Employees International Union ECRI Summary Review HEALTHCARE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Introduction to Safety Management Management Efficiencies and Safety Safety Leadership Human Behaviors Safety Cultures Information Management Risk Management Quality Improvement Employee Health Worker's Compensation Program Management Chemical Dependency and Substance Abuse Materials and Purchasing Management Human Resource Management Security Management Summary Review HEALTHCARE HAZARD CONTROL Introduction Management Approach to Hazard Control Understanding Hazards Understanding Accidents Hospital and Healthcare Hazard Categories Personal Protective Equipment Respirators Promoting Safety Safety Orientation, Training, and Education Summary Review SAFETY REGULATION AND ACCREDITATION Introduction Federal Administrative Law Occupational Safety and Health Administration Environmental Protection Agency Food and Drug Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Nuclear Regulatory Commission Department of Transportation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality National Institutes of Health Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission Health Resources Services Administration Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency Americans with Disabilities Act Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments Voluntary Consensus Organizations Trade and Professional Organizations Other Safety-Related Professional Organizations State, County, and Municipal Health Agencies Summary Review EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Introduction Defining Emergencies Emergency Management and Planning Hazard Vulnerability Analysis Drills and Training Plan Evaluation and Revision Evacuation Planning Community Involvement Hazardous Material Emergencies Weather and Natural Disasters Other Emergency Situations Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction Decontamination Activities (Weapons of Mass Destruction) Introduction to Fire Safety Management Life Safety Code Healthcare Facility Fire Safety Management Fire Prevention Activities Interim Life Safety Fire Confinement Egress Portable Fire Extinguishers NFPA 99 (Healthcare Facilities) Electrical Equipment Installations Flammable/Combustible Materials Surgical Fires Summary Review Exercises GENERAL AND PHYSICAL PLANT SAFETY Introduction Office Safety Ergonomics Slip and Fall Prevention Plant Operations Safety Tool Safety Machinery Safety and Guarding Compressed Air Safety Signs and Color Schemes Welding Safety Electrical Safety Painting Operations Lockout/Tagout (29 CFR 1910.147) Permit-Required Confined Spaces (29 CFR 1910.146) OSHA Noise Standard (29 CFR 1910.95) Utilities Management Plumbing Operations and Safety Boiler and Heating Systems Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Maintenance Ventilation Indoor Air Quality Mold in the Workplace Vehicle and Forklift Safety OSHA Helicopter Standards (29 CFR 1910.183) Landscape/Grounds Maintenance Construction Safety (29 CFR 1926) Summary Review MANAGING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Introduction Hazardous Materials Exposure Risks Emergency Shower and Eye Wash Stations (OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.151) Hazardous Materials Storage OSHA Hazard Communication Compressed Gas Safety Department of Transportation Hazardous Material Regulations Other Hazardous Materials and Pesticides Hazardous Drug Safety Anesthetic and Other Gases Waste Management Responding to Hazardous Materials Spills and Releases Summary Review BIOLOGICAL HAZARD CONTROL Introduction Infection Control Requirements Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Standard Precautions Bacteria and Viruses Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disinfectants, Sterilants, and Antiseptics Hepatitis and HIV Revised OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030) Tuberculosis Biosafety Levels Healthcare Opportunistic Infections Biological Waste Management DOT Infectious Substances Shipping Requirements Special Infection Control Topics Summary Review Exercises SAFETY IN PATIENT CARE AREAS Introduction Safety Cultures Patient Safety Bed Safety Fall Prevention P atient Restraints Healthcare Workplace Violence Long-Term-Care Combative Resident Behavior Medication Safety Infant Abduction Prevention Nursing and Clinical Departmental Safety Surgical and Operating Room Safety Lasers Patient and Resident Moving and Lifting Summary Review SUPPORT DEPARTMENT SAFETY Introduction Environmental Services Laundry Safety Facility Security Management Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Non-Ionizing Radiation Laboratory Safety Central Sterile Supply Pharmacy Safety Medical Equipment Management OSHA HAZWOPER Training for Support Personnel Support Department Ergonomics Summary Review Glossary Appendices Safety Checklists Agency Listings Alphabetical Listing Website Quick Reference Selected Disaster Resource Information Bibliography Index
42 citations
TL;DR: Features of a hospital disaster plan are outlined with special reference to the role of the emergency department, and examples of previous disasters involving hospitals are presented to demonstrate problems that disaster planners should anticipate.
TL;DR: The planning, mitigation, response, and recovery of a major medical--surgical center thrust into a victim responder role following the devastating Northridge earthquake is described.
Abstract: Many hospital emergency plans focus on the hospital as a disaster responder, with a fully operational medical facility, able to receive and treat mass casualties from a clearly defined accident scene. However, hospitals need to prepare a response for extreme casualty events such as earthquakes, tornadoes, or hurricanes. This article describes the planning, mitigation, response, and recovery of a major medical-surgical center thrust into a victim responder role following the devastating Northridge earthquake. The subsequent evacuation and care of patients, treatment of casualties, incident command, prior education and training, and recovery issues are addressed.
TL;DR: Disaster preparedness, multiple forms of reliable communication, rapid mobilization of resources, and knowledge of available state and federal resources are necessary for a disaster response by a local EMS agency.
Abstract: Introduction:This paper describes the 1994 Northridge earthquake experience of the local emergency medical services (EMS) agency. Discussed are means that should improve future local agency disaster responses.Methods:Data reported are descriptive and were collected from multiple independent sources, and can be reviewed publicly and confirmed. Validated data collected during the disaster by the Local EMS Agency also are reported.Results:The experience of the Los Angeles County EMS Agency was similar to that of earthquake disasters previously reported. Communication systems, water, food, shelter, sanitation means, power sources, and medical supplies were resources needed early in the disaster. Urban Search and Rescue Teams and Disaster Medical Assistance Teams were important elements in the response to the Northridge earthquake. The acute phase of the disaster ended within 48 to 72 hours and public health then became the predominant health-care issue. Locating community food and water supplies near shelters, providing transportation to medical care, and public-health visits to shelter locations helped prevent the development of long-term park encampments. An incident command system for the field, hospitals, and government responders was necessary for an organized response to the disaster.Conclusion:Disaster preparedness, multiple forms of reliable communication, rapid mobilization of resources, and knowledge of available state and federal resources are necessary for a disaster response by a local EMS agency.
TL;DR: The public health response to disasters is considered, environmental health issues and approaches since disasters are extreme environmental events are highlighted, and developments relating to capacity building, training, and collaboration are reviewed.
Abstract: Natural and human-made disasters continue to adversely affect all areas of the world in both predictable and unpredictable ways. To highlight the importance of natural disasters, the United Nations declared the 1990s the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. This paper considers the public health response to disasters. It highlights environmental health issues and approaches since disasters are extreme environmental events, and it reviews developments relating to capacity building, training, and collaboration. Although progress is noted, a comprehensive federal or academic approach is not evident in the United States and the proper linkage to environmental health is lacking. With the International Decade now half over, public health professionals and others involved with disaster management should reflect on progress made to date and goals for the future.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the relevant literature is combined with case study examples which outline the problems often encountered by emergency managers engaged in mitigation and response activities, and practical suggestions are outlined which are designed to enhance mitigation and effective disaster response.
Abstract: A review of the relevant literature is combined with case study examples which outline the problems often encountered by emergency managers engaged in mitigation and response activities. Special attention is given to the impact of the media and behavioural response expectations. Practical suggestions are outlined which are designed to enhance mitigation and effective disaster response.
TL;DR: The preliminary findings of a one‐year British Library Research and Development Department‐funded project looking at disaster management in British libraries highlight the importance of personnel issues such as the careful selection of those responsible for disaster management and staff counselling following a disaster.
Abstract: Presents the preliminary findings of a one‐year British Library Research and Development Department‐funded project looking at disaster management in British libraries. Based on visits to some 30 organizations within and outside the library profession and analysis of 62 library disaster control plans, considers the terms “disaster”, “disaster control planning” and “disaster management”, highlighting the central role of the written disaster control plan. Emphasizes the need for these plans to be managed and supported by risk assessments and regular inspections of buildings and equipment, the identification and use of reliable expert advice, staff training programmes and contingency planning for temporary services, accommodation and storage. Undertlines the importance of personnel issues such as the careful selection of those responsible for disaster management and staff counselling following a disaster, and also the need to investigate insurance cover and to consider the installation of fire detection and suppression systems.
01 Dec 1996
TL;DR: The Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)/Interagency workshop was structured to examine and discuss three areas critical to the NGO/U.S. Government interface during humanitarian and peacekeeping operations: (1) pre-deployment planning, (2) effective coordination in country, and (3) problems of transition.
Abstract: : The workshop on "Humanitarian and Peace Operations: The NGO/Interagency Interface" was held at the National Defense University on 18-19 April 1996, the seventh in a series that explores advanced command relationships. The workshops are sponsored by the Directorate for Advanced Concepts, Technologies, and Information Strategies (ACTIS), National Defense University. The Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)/Interagency workshop was structured to examine and discuss three areas critical to the NGO/U.S. Government interface during humanitarian and peacekeeping operations: (1) pre-deployment planning, (2) effective coordination in-country, and (3) problems of transition. This report summarizes the workshop's free-flowing discussion. It does not offer solutions to problems with the NGO/Interagency interface independently of ideas expressed by workshop participants. Chapter 2 explores the composition and traits of the NGO community in an effort to place NGO participants' comments in context and to identify underlying causes of the apparent divergence between U.S. Government agencies, the military, and the NGO community. Chapter 3 identifies aspects of the interface that have worked well in the past and that serve as the foundation for future improvements. Chapter 4 focuses on the problems confronting NGOs, U.S. Government agencies, and the military when trying to improve their working relationship. Chapter 5 presents the suggestions generated by the workshop participants to enhance communication between the communities and to create systems to foster better coordination, planning, training, and use of technology. Appendix A: Civil-Military Relations in Complex Humanitarian Emergency Response: Progress and Problems; Appendix B: The Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations in Disaster Relief; Appendix C: OFDA Role in Disaster Relief.
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this article, a series of participatory learning activities for use by those who work in development or relief efforts in at-risk communities of Southern Africa is presented, which aim to increase understanding of community risk and vulnerability to strengthen the training capacities for managing community-based disasters and to empower atrisk communities to decrease their vulnerability to recurrent disasters.
Abstract: This book contains a series of participatory learning activities for use by those who work in development or relief efforts in at-risk communities of Southern Africa The purpose of the book is to increase understanding of community risk and vulnerability to strengthen the training capacities for managing community-based disasters and to empower at-risk communities to decrease their vulnerability to recurrent disasters The introduction to the book contains information about the purpose of the book its development the assumptions underlying development of the learning activities how to use the book and notes for facilitators The activities in section 1 cover key concepts and risk factors by addressing the terms used in disaster management the components of disaster management the meaning of various terms the operation of the "disaster crunch model" a comparison of different models in the hazard-vulnerability-disaster continuum emergency preparedness and risk reduction the ways structural adjustment policies affect risk and the causes and impact of droughts Section 2 deals with community-based considerations for risk assessment The activities in this section include constructing hazard risk and capacity maps; conducting participatory rural appraisal workshops; creating a profile of community vulnerability and capacity; identifying available resources and capacities; considering how gender impacts on vulnerability and capacity; assessing household food security; targeting households most at risk; and understanding perceptions of risk The third section of the manual contains activities designed to enhance risk reduction and emergency preparedness and planning Topics include integrating development efforts with emergency preparedness and response integrating risk reduction with emergency response actions using gender analysis as a tool for risk reduction and emergency preparedness planning and conducting public awareness campaigns The book ends by providing a list of references
TL;DR: It is concluded that all libraries and information centres need to take practical measures to minimize the risk of disaster and be prepared to react quickly and effectively should a disaster occur.
Abstract: Presents interim findings of a year‐long project examining disaster management policy and practices in British libraries and suggests areas which should be covered in a disaster training programme, having drawn on the experience of librarians, archivists, museum officers, heritage organizations, disaster salvage and recovery companies, commercial binders, fire service officers, loss adjusters and local authority insurers. Refers to the possibility of inter‐library co‐operation. Concludes that all libraries and information centres need to take practical measures to minimize the risk of disaster and be prepared to react quickly and effectively should a disaster occur. Disaster training is therefore an essential requirement of any disaster management programme.
TL;DR: An overview of the RODOS system, a description of its most important software components, the status of its development and its potential role for improving emergency response in Europe are provided.
Abstract: The integrated and comprehensive real-time on-line decision support system, RODOS, for off-site emergency management of nuclear accidents is being developed with support from, inter alia, the European Commission and the German Ministry of Environment. Designed as a generic software tool, the RODOS system will be applicable from the very early stages of an accident up to many years later and from the vicinity of a release to far distant areas. Decision support will be provided at various levels, ranging from the largely descriptive, with information on the present and future radiological situation, to an evaluation and ranking of the benefits and disadvantages of different countermeasures' options. This paper provides an overview of the RODOS system, a description of its most important software components, the status of its development and its potential role for improving emergency response in Europe.
TL;DR: The development of the federal response plan for the response to domestic disasters is discussed, with emphasis specifically on medicine, which incorporates several aspects of medical response into two areas: health and medical and urban search and rescue.
Book•
16 Feb 1996
TL;DR: The Disaster Recovery Planning Project is presented, which focuses on developing and testing Facility Disaster Prevention Capabilities and Systems Recovery Planning, and End User Recovery Planning.
Abstract: The Disaster Recovery Planning Project. Preliminary Steps. Data Collection. Exposure and Risk Analysis. Facility Disaster Prevention Capabilities. Developing an Off--Site Storage Program. Systems Recovery Planning. Network and Communications Recovery Planning. End User Recovery Planning. Presentation of the Plan Overview. Plan Development. Disaster Recovery Training. Testing Disaster Recovery Plans. Appendices. Index.
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of release scenarios and affects area, response, organization, communications system, key personnel with specified responsibilities, work emergency procedures, emergency control centre, education and training, testing the plan/mock drill, performance review/observation and finalization.
Abstract: Worldwide discussion of disaster management plans to cope with catastrophic injury to people and environmental destruction due to accidents in the chemical process industry was initiated after major chemically caused disasters at Seveso, Flixborough and Bhopal. An emergency plan is a formal written plan based on identified potential accidents together with their consequences. This plan describes how such accidents and their consequences should be handled both on- and off-site. The main aim of the plan is to limit the negative effects of an accident by being prepared with a plan and facilities ready to react without delay. The primary responsibility of the management of a hazardous chemical site is the prevention of accidents resulting in harm to human health, the environment or property. Thus, the plan for handling emergencies should describe all available help from the local professionals as well as governmental officials in order to supplement the company's own manpower. If a real emergency occurs and the personnel available do not have a well prepared written plan, the results could be far more serious than they would have been if a plan had been available. This paper provides an overview of release scenarios and affects area, response, organization, communications system, key personnel with specified responsibilities, work emergency procedures, emergency control centre, education and training, testing the plan/mock drill, performance review/observation and finalization.
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of an emergency management perspective in this geotechnical approach which takes into account the different criteria related to the operation execution is proposed, and the authors also propose a new approach to control the quality of the incoming flow of potential soil materials.
TL;DR: Hospital facilities should assess the potential for radiation accidents and potential radiation disaster scenarios when in the process of disaster planning to lead to confidence and improved emergency management of potentially chaotic events.
TL;DR: One of the most significant problems of bureaucracy in a democratic polity is how to achieve a tolerable coexistence between political and managerial control as mentioned in this paper, and when these aspects of control get out...
Abstract: One of the most significant problems of bureaucracy in a democratic polity is how to achieve a tolerable coexistence between political and managerial control. When these aspects of control get out ...
TL;DR: Through effective emergency preparedness and creative improvisation, medical centers were able to overcome the initial crisis, sustain primary services, and ensure continued quality patient care.
Abstract: The Midwest floods of 1993 presented multiple emergency preparedness challenges to the six metropolitan medical centers in Des Moines, Iowa. As floodwaters overcame the Des Moines Water Treatment Plant, medical centers were faced with the task of responding to imminent water loss and its associated impact on patient care services and facility operations. Many clinical services were cancelled or diverted to alternate facilities. Ancillary resources were identified and implemented to maintain essential operations. Through effective emergency preparedness and creative improvisation, medical centers were able to overcome the initial crisis, sustain primary services, and ensure continued quality patient care. The article describes how sudden and prolonged water loss affected Des Moines hospitals. It also discusses aspects of hospital emergency preparedness that contributed to successful response.
TL;DR: This article argued that using the military for foreign disaster assistance is inappropriate in most cases and only in rare catastrophic disasters or where truly unique capabilities are required. But the military's concepts and methods of operation are contrary to the supportive and participative concepts of disaster assistance.
Abstract: The recent increase in the use of military resources for foreign disaster assistance has raised questions about the appropriateness of this role for the military. Argues that using the military for foreign disaster assistance is inappropriate in most cases. The military’s concepts and methods of operation are contrary to the supportive and participative concepts of disaster assistance. Without a significant change in the way the military functions, their involvement in foreign disaster assistance is justified in only the rare catastrophic disaster or where truly unique capabilities are required.
TL;DR: The authors explored reader interpretations of print-mediated disaster reality and the Delta 1141 disaster and concluded the media need to recognize that their pedagogical role extends beyond disaster reporting and includes disaster behaviour information.
Abstract: At 9 a.m. on 31 August 1988, Delta Flight 1141 crashed on take‐off, killing 13 people and leaving 94 survivors. Existing research has furthered our insight into media coverage of disasters but it has not broadened our understanding of disaster narrative interpretations and disaster behaviour education. In total, 24 in‐depth interviews explore reader interpretations of print‐mediated disaster reality and the Delta 1141 disaster. Disaster news stories provide the frames people use to interpret aeroplane disaster behaviour. Concludes the media need to recognize that their pedagogical role extends beyond disaster reporting and includes disaster behaviour information.
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: Concise, accessible, and up-to-date, The NCSA Guide to Enterprise Security focuses on real-world issues encompassing all types of businesses.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
All too often, managers and technicians responsible for protecting their company's computer systems from viruses, vandals, and other calamities find themselves reacting after catastrophe strikes. With the help of this pragmatic guide, co-sponsored by the National Computer Security Association, you'll learn how to shield your enterprisewide system from loss or damage before it happens. Concise, accessible, and up-to-date, The NCSA Guide to Enterprise Security focuses on real-world issues encompassing all types of businesses. Dozens of case studies help you put into context the dangers that await inadequately protected systems. You'll learn how to identify key threats and vulnerabilities; devise effective countermeasures for each type of computer crime; develop cooperative efforts to protect against threats from employees, ex-employees, and software vendors; improve physical security at your facility; apply appropriate encryption techniques to improve security; convene a high-level task force for disaster prevention, mitigation, and recovery; plus, you'll find a wealth of references to current technical literature.